木论喀斯特林区翠柏群落学特征的初步研究

广西木论喀斯特林区,位于我国中亚热带南缘。据６００ｍ２翠柏群落样方调查结果：有维管束植物７６种,隶５１科６９属,其中单种的属占８９．９％。植物区系以热带分布区类型为主,占总属数（不含世界分布）的７１．０％,温带分布占２５．８％,但群落的种类组成是以亚热带成分占优势,按Ｒａｒｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占８２．９％,地面芽植物占１５．８％,一年生植物占１．３％,缺少地上芽和地下芽植物;从生理角度分析,叶级以小型叶（包括微型和鳞型叶）为主,占５９．２％;叶型以单叶占的比例最大,为８６．８％,群落结构可分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分出二个亚层。对该群落各乔木种群的大小结构分析,显示出翠柏群落是相对稳定性较大的群落。     

浙江天台山七子花群落特征的初步研究

天台山的七子花林,常见的种子植物有１２５种,隶属５１科,１０２属。其中热带类型３６属,温带类型５２属。按Ｒａｕｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型统计,高位芽植物占７０．８％,地面芽植物占２２．３％,地下芽植物占４．６％,一年生植物占２．３％,高位芽植物的比例与本省常绿落叶阔叶混交林的生活型谱近似。叶级以小型叶为主,占５３．１％。叶型以单叶比例最大,占７８．５％。群落结构可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和地被层。     

崖柏群落维管束植物生活型组成、叶子性状及层次层片结构

采用样方法调查了崖柏群落的植物组成,分析了维管束植物的生活型组成、叶子性状及层次层片结构.结果表明：崖柏群落的植物生活型组成以高位芽植物为优势,占73.2%,地面芽植物占18%,地下芽植物占6%,地上芽和一年生植物各占2%和0.8%.叶质以纸质和革质为主,分别占48.8％和36.4％;叶级以小叶为主,占60.8％;叶缘以非全缘叶为主,占56.8％;叶型以单叶为主,占86％.崖柏群落可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物较少,各层次分别由常绿针叶、阔叶及落叶阔叶高位芽植物层片、常绿和落叶矮高位芽植物层片、地面芽和地下芽以及一年生植物层片构成.     

元宝山冷杉群落学特点的研究

元宝山冷杉群落3000m^2样方统计到107种,隶属52科,81属。种类组成中,单种科、少种属占的比例相当大,含单种的科有27科,占51．9％。单种的属有63属,占77．8％;含两种的属为12属,占14．8％,两者共占92．6％。乔木层种类除了南方铁杉外,其它优势种类都为稳定型种群。乔木层的优势区系成分相当稳定,表明该群落为一种顶极群落。71个种子植物属只有11个分布区类型和8个变型,仅占所有变型的26．7％,地理成分不复杂,其中热带分布27属,占39．7％,温带分布38属,占55．9％。热带分布以泛热带和热带亚洲为主,温带分布与东亚、东亚和北美洲间断分布密切相关。乔木层16个优势种中,属中亚热带地理分布类型的有13种,占81．3％,其中重要值排列前4位的种类均为中亚热带类型,所以元宝山冷杉群落为亚热带性质。元宝山冷杉不同群丛元宝山冷杉种群结构的差异反映了群落的演替过程。107种组成种类中,常绿成分占62．6％,落叶成分占37．4％,其中矮高位芽植物最多,占20．6％,叶级以小型叶为主,占57．9％,叶型以单叶比例最大,占81．6％。各样地的物种多样性水平均较高,表明元宝山冷杉群落是一个处于稳定地位的顶极群落。     

赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区桫椤群落特征及物种多样性研究

桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa),为中生代古老孑遗物种,国家二级保护植物。贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区是以桫椤及其生存环境为保护对象的自然保护区,是拥有世界上数量最多、面积最广的桫椤林区之一。该文采用植物生态学、区系学等方法,对保护区内群落及物种多样性、伴生物种区系成分、生活型谱、群落结构等进行研究。结果表明:(1)群落内维管植物共计60科96属122种,其中蕨类植物12科14属17种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物46科80属103种。(2)群落内植物的科、属区系成分类型多样,热带成分占优势,温带成分次之,表现出从热带区系向温带区系过渡的特征。(3)生活型谱以高位芽植物为主(占57.38%),反映出中亚热带森林以高位芽植物为优势的特点。(4)群落垂直分层显著,乔木层树高在4~12m的比例最大为76.64%;灌木层树高在2~3m的比例最大为69.78%;草本层各区间分布较为均匀,但以0~0.2 m的比例较大,群落层次明显。(5)毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens)和桫椤在该地乔木组成中占主导地位;灌木层中,桫椤为最优物种;草本层主要以红盖鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris erythrosora)、翠云草(Selaginella uncinata)为主;物种丰富度分析显示,乔木层灌木层草本层;多样性指数、均匀度指数分析表明,乔木层为聚集分布、组成较简单,灌木层和草本层为均匀分布,但数量较少。     

珍贵药材黄花倒水莲的群落结构及物种多样性研究

黄花倒水莲系华南民间常用且珍贵中药材。采用样方调查法对福建省三明地区黄花倒水莲群落的植物组成、群落结构和物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,在26个样方、共计2600m2的样地内,群落有维管植物89科167属205种。种子植物属的区系成分划分为12个分布型和8个变型,热带性分布属稍占优势,占总属数的57.85%;温带性成分占总属数的40.7%。生活型谱分析显示群落包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占总种数的58.53%,其中以小高位芽和矮高位芽植物占优势;地面芽和地上芽占较大比例,以蕨类植物和多年生草本植物为主,地下芽和1年生植物很少。群落垂直结构分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层。物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析表明:群落垂直结构多样性特点为草本层>灌木层>乔木层>层外层,草本层的各项多样性指数均显著大于其他层次。为黄花倒水莲人工栽培选择适生环境提供参考,提出了开发利用和资源保护的建议。     

大围山樱属植物群落结构及物种多样性

研究大围山樱属植物群落结构特征和物种多样性,为野生樱属植物保护和利用提供科学依据。结果表明: 大围山樱属植物有钟花樱桃群落、尾叶樱桃群落、华中樱桃群落和雪落樱桃群落,生活型结构以高位芽植物为主,植物区系组成以泛热带植物成分为主。物种多样性为灌木层＞乔木层,尾叶樱桃群落＞华中樱桃群落＞钟花樱桃群落＞雪落樱桃群落。种群以中幼龄和壮龄树个体为主,群落处于稳定期。雪落樱桃种群地径结构呈典型的金字塔结构,属增长型种群。华中樱桃群落是以华中樱桃为优势种的单优群落,尾叶樱桃和钟花樱桃是其群落乔木层重要伴生种,这3种樱桃均缺乏更新幼龄树,有被其他针阔叶树种取代的趋势。     

澜沧江糯扎渡季雨林厚皮树+家麻树群落的研究

根据5个20m×25m样地的调查资料,对分布于澜沧江糯扎渡河岸山地,以厚皮树、家麻树为优势种的季雨林群落进行了分析研究,结果显示:(1)该群落乔木层以落叶成分厚皮树和家麻树为优势种,层间以常绿的大型木质藤本云南翅子藤为特征;(2)在群落2500m2样地内,共计维管束植物72种,隶属于38科65属;其中有乔木25种,草本植物25种,灌木10种和层间藤本植物12种;(3)综合5个样地后计算所得群落乔木层树种丰富度为25种,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.9010,Pielou均匀度指数为0.9012,Simpson指数为0.9346,在群落中,随着乔木径级的增大,个体数和种数逐渐减小;(4)该群落主要以高位芽植物为主,并以中高位芽植物为优势,占所统计总种数的35.8%;(5)该群落中落叶种类占总种数的62.5%,中叶占47.2%,小叶占41.7%,单叶占69.4%,纸质叶占61.1%,全缘叶占56.9%;(6)该群落的物种数/样地面积关系曲线显示在取样面积1000m2时开始趋于平缓,意味着该取样面积可以考虑作为群落最小取样面积。     

广西隆安屏山石灰岩山地飞机草群落特征分析

对隆安屏山石灰岩山地有害的入侵杂草飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)群落的区系组成、地理成分、生活型、结构及物种多样性进行统计分析,结果表明:该群落内常见的维管植物约有62种,隶属38科58属。植物地理分布以泛热带类型最多,有15属,占总属数的34.88%;其次是热带亚洲分布类型,有8属,占18.6%。按Raunkiaer生活型统计,高位芽植物占48.39%,一年生植物占17.74%,地面芽植物占12.90%,地上芽植物占11.29%。群落内植物叶的性质以草质、单叶、小型叶和全缘为主。群落垂直结构简单,分层不明显,只分为灌木层和草本层,并有少量的层间植物。灌木层种间相遇机率指数和Shannon-Wiener指数较高,表明该群落目前仍相对稳定,该地区外来飞机草目前处于种群建立时期。     

广西特有濒危植物狭叶坡垒群落特征研究

狭叶坡垒(Hopea chinensis)是国家二级重点保护植物,仅分布于广西十万大山。通过野外实地调查对狭叶坡垒群落特征的研究表明:在10个样点共3 200 m2的样方中,包含维管束植物82科168属265种,这些属可划分成11个分布区类型,其中热带分布的属占绝对优势,达83.7%,温带分布属占13.1%。群落生活型以高位芽植物为主,外貌主要由中小型为主的常绿高位芽植物所决定。狭叶坡垒群落结构复杂,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3个层次,层间植物丰富。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.