重楼属植物甾体皂甙的高效液相色谱分析

应用高效液相层析技术,对重楼属十八个种植物的甾体皂甙进行了定性、定量分析。植物用甲醇提取,抽出物经DIAION柱,以90％甲醇洗出总甙。在HPLC上,用ODS柱先将总甙以用醇:水(9:1)洗脱分为三馏段,每馏再在ODS柱或Rp-8柱上以甲醇:水(8:2;7:3.5)洗脱,使各个皂甙成分完全分离。被分离的每个色谱峰与已知重楼皂甙的保留时间进行比较并配合HPLC的加入法,TLC分析及用HPLC制备少量样品做MS测定来加以定性鉴定。定量采用内标及校正曲线法。     

重楼属植物的免疫血清学研究

以海南重楼(Paris dunniana),花叶重楼(P.marmorata),多叶重楼(P.polyphylla),凌云重楼(P.cronquistii),五指莲(P.axialis),滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)等六种重楼属植物的根茎为材料,提取分离其球蛋白组份作为抗原,免疫家兔得到相应的抗血清。通过免疫双扩散,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、免疫电泳、免疫吸收试验以及酶标免疫等方法,研究了重楼属上述六个种和变种的血清学行为以及他们之间的相互关系。在此基础上,用不加权算术平均对群法(UPGMA)经成聚运算,得到基于平均吸收相似系数(Sabs.mean.)和Jaccard's结合系数的两种表相图,这两种表相图的结果是一致的。花叶重楼与多叶重楼有较大的血清反应相似性,五指莲与滇重楼有最大的血清反应相似性。多型种P.polyphylla在形态上的较大变异与血清反应分析的结果是一致的,而且血清反应相似性分析支持了从形态分析得出的假设:Paris dunniana在重楼属的系统发生中是一比较原始的种。     

A sensitive fluorimetric microassay for the determination of glutathione peroxidase activity. Application to human blood platelets

The method proposed for measuring glutathione peroxydase (GSH-Px) activity is based on the determination of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) using o-phtalaldehyde (OPT) as a fluorescent reagent. This method makes it possible to study the kinetics of both substrates (peroxide and reduced glutathione, GSH), and allosteric kinetics were found for GSH, with human platelets as the source of GSH-Px. Different methods for platelet disruption were compared. The reference values obtained for GSH-Px activity in human blood platelets by this fluorimetric procedure and the conventional enzymatic method were very similar and significantly higher than those previously reported; the reasons for this difference are discussed.     

滇重楼可持续采收方法初探

滇重楼是云南传统的道地药材。由于种苗繁育困难和生长周期长,重楼的推广种植多年来未能取得突破。滇重楼的"多年栽培,分期采收"技术是将滇重楼根茎按用途分为药用部分与种苗部分,采收时,仅采收药用部分,种苗部分(带顶芽的根茎)继续生长发育,而不是将整个根茎全部采收作为商品药材。通过考察滇重楼须根比率的月度变化规律及3年的根茎生长量,进行采收时间和经济效益分析。结果表明:实施滇重楼"多年栽培,分期采收"技术间隔时间以3年为宜,每年每公顷收益为11.25万～33.0万元,采收时间以12月至翌年3月份为宜。     

野生珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花的成分含量分析

利用分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪和等离子光谱仪对华中地区珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花[Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis(Franch．)Hara]根茎的化学成分薯蓣皂甙元、黄酮、19种游离氨基酸、微量元素进行了分析。结果显示：薯蓣皂甙元含量为0．62％,黄酮含量为0．0628%,总游离氨基酸含量为0．33%,微量元素中钙为0.77％,镁为0.20％,钾为0.98%,铁为0．20%,锌为44．8mg／kg,磷为746mg／kg。     

Ulphaceaster sarthacensis,nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce d’échinide Archiaciidae du Cénomanien (Sarthe,France)

A new genus and a new species of the echinoid family Archiaciidae from Cenomanian deposits in Sarthe (Paris Basin, France) are described. The genus Ulphaceaster nov. gen. can be distinguished from other archiaciids by its anterior ambulacrum, which is located in a deep groove running from the peristome to the apex where the test enlarges in a tea-spoon shape. The apical rostrum is taller and more slender than for species of the close genus Claviaster. The species Uphaceaster sarthacensis sp. nov. is known from the Saint-Ulphace locality only (Sables et Grès de Lamnay Formation, La Garenne quarry), where it is found in shallow marine sandy limestones, from infralittoral deposit environments.     

Cytological Studies on Some Plants of Sichuan and Neighbouring Regions (I)

From standpoint of floristic division, Sichuan is located in the middle part of Eastern Asiatic Region (Takhtajan 1978) or is the area where Sino-Himalayan Forest Subkingdom and Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom meet (wu 1979). Here exist many socalled Arcto-Tertiary elements and newly originated species or races. In order to bring the light the origin and differentiation of Eastern Asiatic elements, cytological investigation on plants of this region are very significant. The materials of the following 5 species were collected on Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province. Voucher specimens are kept in CDBI. 1. Toricellia angulata Oliver var. intermedia (Harms) Hu PMC meiotic examination revealed n = 12 at diakinesis (Pl. I fig. 9) Toricellia, consisting of 2 spp., is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region. Based on our result along with the report of Toricellia tiliifolia (Wall.) DC. (2n=24) by Kurosawa (1977), we argue that the basic chromosome number of Toricellia is 12. Many authors, such as Airy-Shaw (1973), Dahlgren (1975, 1977), Takhtajan (1969, 1980), Thorne (1983), have adopted Hu’s (1934) treatment erecting it as a monotypic family Toricelliaceae. Its systematic position, whether closer to Cornaceae than to Araliaceae or vice versa, has been in dispute. Cytologically it seems closer to Araliaceae, as shown anatomically (Lodriguez 1971), because the basic chromosome number of Cornaceae s. 1. is x=11, 9, 8 (Kurosawa 1977), whereas that of Araliaceae is 12 (Raven 1975). 2. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino Somatic chromosome number, 2n=24 was determined from root-tip cells (Ph. I. fig. 8). Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl., consisting of 3 spp., is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region. C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino is distributed from Himalayan region to S. W. China. The present report is in accord with the number reported by Kurosawa (1966) who got the material from Darjeeling of India. However the karyotype of the present plant is slightly different from that given by Kurosawa. In the present material, the satellites of the 1st. pair of chromosomes and the short arms of llst. pair of chromosomes are visibly longer than those of Kurosawa’s drawing (fig. 1, 2) The plants from Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei Provinces, named as C. giganteum var. yunnanense (Leitchtlin ex Elwes) Stearn, differ slightly from those of Himalayan region also in outer morphological characters. The taxon needs both cytological and taxonomical further studies. 3. Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. PMC meiotic examination revealed n=8 at diakinesis (Pl. I. fig. 6) This species is widely distributed from Himalayan region through Indo-China to our Taiwan Province and Indonesia. Three cytotypes (2n=14, 16, 30) were reported for the taxon including its variety, var. parviflorum (Wall) Hara, by various authors (Hasegawa 1932, Mehra and Pathamia 1960, Kurosawa 1966, 1971 Mehra and Sachdeva 1976a). Some authors consider D. pullum Salisb. and D. calcaratum D. Don as synonyms of D. cantoniense. So D. cantoniense may be a species aggregate with different extreme races. Sen (1973a, b.) reports that the somatic chromosome numbers of D. pullum and D. calcaratum from Eastern Himalayan region are 14, 16, 28, 30, 32. He also discovered that chromosome alterations in species of Disporum involve not only the number but the structure as well. He found that in species of Liliaceae where the reproduction is mainly vegetative, polysomaty often occurs. In China we have not only D. cantoniense and D. calcaratum but also D. brachystomon Wang et Tang which is similar to D. cantoniense var. parviflorum (Wall.) Hara. These taxa need further critical studies. 4. Paris fargesii Franch. PMC meiotic examination revealed n=5+2B (Voucher no. 112) or n=5 (Voucher no. 62) at MI and AI (Pl. I. fig. 1. 4. 5.). This is the first report for the species. A bridge and a fragment were also observed at AI. Paris polyphylla Smith is extraordinarily polymorphic species. Hara (1969) regards all chinese extreme forms, such as P. fargesii Franch., P. violacea Lévl., P. pubescens (Hand. -Mzt.) Wang et Tang, etc. as infraspecific taxa of P. polyphylla. Needless to say, the various races of P. polyphylla Smith in China need further critical studies and are good material for further study to understand the speciation. 5. Reineckia carnea(Andr.) Kunth Reineckia is a monotypic genus endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region. In the present material somatic chromosome number in root-tip cells is determined as 2n=38 (Pl. I. fig. 7). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al., the karyotype formula is 2n=28 m+10 sm. The length of chromosomes varies from 14.28 μ to 5.5 μ. The idiogram given here (fig. 3) is nearly the same as that presented by Hsu et Li (1984). The same number has been previously reported by several authors, Noguchi (1936), Satô (1942), Therman (1956). The karyotype is relatively symmetrical (2B, accorling to the classi-fication of stebbins 1971) in accord with the opinion of Therman (1956).     

重楼中一株产纤维素酶内生真菌的分离及鉴定

从重楼根茎中分离、鉴定具有产纤维素酶活性的内生真菌.采用表面消毒法从重楼块茎中分离内生真菌;用纤维素酶活性CMC平板检测分离菌株的产纤维素酶活性;对高产菌株进行形态学观察和分子生物学测序鉴定;探究影响纤维素酶活力的因素;利用平板法检测该株菌产其他胞外水解酶的活性.从3个来源的重楼中分离出41株内生真菌,通过平板检测发现...