重楼属两种植物小孢子和雄配子体的发育

重楼属两种植物(Paris axialis and Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)小孢子发生和雄配子体形成的过程及方式相同。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为连续型;雄配子体为二胞型;药壁由五层细胞组成。绒毡层属腺质型。五指莲花粉群体中异常花粉发生的频率高于滇重楼,这或许与五指莲细胞内的超数染色体以及相应的减数分裂异常有一定相关性。     

重楼属两种植物种子及其附属结构的发育

重楼属两种植物(五指莲Paris axialis和滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)种子发育的过程基本一致。双受精发生于授粉后10—15天。胚乳为沼生目型。种子发育延续的时间约为150—170天。胚胎发育终止于球形或稍有分化的阶段。种子具二层种皮。 二种重楼种子成熟时的外部形态显著不同。五指莲Paris axialis的种子呈浅棕黄色,长椭圆形,部分为绿白色海绵质假种皮所包裹。假种皮由珠柄发育而来,呈楔形。滇重楼Parispolyphylla var.yunnanensis的种子鲜红色,不规则圆形,外种皮肉质多浆。无假种皮。珠柄橙黄色,短而纤细。     

重楼属和延龄草核型的一致性

本文报道的重楼属3个种和变种与延龄草的核型基本一致,表明它们之间的亲缘关系很近,其核型简式为:延龄草(T. tschonoskii)2n=10=4m 2m(SAT) 2st(SAT) 2t(SAT) 1B;五指莲(Paris axialis)2n=10=6m 2t 2t(SAT) 2B;狭叶重楼(P. polyphylla var. stenophylla)2n=10=2m(SAT) 4m 2st 2t;小重楼(P.polyphylla var.minora)2n=10=4m 2sm 4t.     

湖南重楼属植物小志

通过多年的调查、标本采集和分类研究,初步查明湖南产重楼属植物5种、6变种和1变型。其中有2种（凌云重楼Paris cronquistii,北重楼Paris verticillata)、3变种（滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,卵叶重楼Paris delavayi var.petiolata,长药隔重楼Paris polyphylla var.pseudothibetica)和1变型（宽叶重楼Paris polyphlla var.stenophylla f.latifolia)为湖南新纪录。同时,还记录了各种、变种和变型的简要特点、分布和生境,并列出了它们的检索表。     

重楼属两个新种的染色体组型分析

五指莲(Paris axialis H.Li)和绿劝花叶重楼(Paris luquaensis H.Li)是新近发现的两个重楼属新种,分布于云南奕良和绿劝。这两个新种分别属重楼属的两个亚属,前者属中轴亚属,后者属侧膜亚属。这两个种的染色体组型结构与国内外已报道过的重楼属一些种的结构大体相似。五指莲是由3对中部着丝点型和两对端着丝点型的染色体组成;绿劝花叶重楼是由3对中部着丝点型、1对近中着丝点型和1对端着丝点型的染色体组成,这两个种的组型结构存在着明显差异。现将这两个新种的染色体组型报道如下。     

几种重楼的染色体核型研究

作者对重楼属(Paris)的几个种:球药隔重楼(P.fargesii),毛重楼(P.mairei),花叶重搂(P.marmorata),黑籽重楼(P.thibetica),海南重楼(P.dunniana),巴山重搂(P.bashanensis),以及多叶重楼(P.polyphylla)的两个变种狭叶重楼(var.stenophylla)和华重楼(var.chinensis)的染色体核型进行了研究,发现种间及种内不同居群(population)间的核型都存在不同程度的差别。核型简式为:球药隔重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+2t(SAT)+2t+3bs,毛重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t+1bs,花叶重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t,黑籽重楼K(2n)=2x=10=2m+4m(SAT)+4t,海南重楼K(2n)=2X=10=6m+2t(SAT)+2t,巴山重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4st,狭叶重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+1st+3t,华重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t。     

四川重楼属(延龄草科)一新变种——峨眉重楼

报道了四川峨眉山地区延龄草科Trilliaceae重楼属Paris一新变种——峨眉重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var. emeiensis H.X.Yin,H.Zhang ＆ D.Xue。该变种与宽瓣重楼P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis （Franch.）Hand.-Mazz.相似,区别在于叶柄较短,长2–5mm,叶片较窄,披针形,宽1.5–2.5cm,花梗短,长6–10（–13）mm,花瓣丝状,长2–3cm,药隔突出部分较短,长0.2–0.5mm。高效液相色谱法对新变种及多叶重楼P.polyphylla Smith各变种的甾体皂苷类成分的对比分析显示,宽瓣重楼以薯蓣皂苷为主,长药隔重楼P.polyphylla var.pseudothibetica H.Li以偏诺皂苷为主,而峨眉重楼、多叶重楼P.polyphylla var.polyphylla、华重楼P.polyphylla var.chinensis（Franch.）Hara、狭叶重楼P.polyphylla var.stenophylla Franch.、宽叶重楼P.polyphylla var.latifolia F.T.Wang ＆ C.Yu Chang、白花重楼P.polyphylla var.alba H.Li ＆ R.J.Mitchell所含皂苷均为微量,由此揭示了峨眉重楼同近缘种之间的关系。     

中国重楼属(延龄草科)一新变种——攀西直瓣重楼

描述了延龄草科一新变种--攀西直瓣重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.panxiensis J.L.Liu),并绘制了形态图.新变种以其叶片狭长、条形而与狭叶重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.stenophylla Franch.)和小重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.minor S.F.Wang)相近似,但又以花瓣线状圆柱形、直立、不弯曲、远短于萼片、向上逐渐增粗呈棒状、先端圆形或钝圆,花药药隔明显头状突起而有明显区别.     

重楼属二新种

五指莲重楼 新种 图1 五指(子)莲(云南彝良)、绥江);小重楼(四川荥经),九道箍(江津),铁灯台(峨眉)。 Paris axialis H.Li sp.nov. Species habitu affinis P.fargesii Fr.sed ovario 4—6-lopculari placentisaxilibus,rhizomate saepissime ramoso,perianthii segmentis interioribus longio-ribus 5.5—6cm longis,exteriora multo superantibus,staminibus numero segmen-tis,exterioribus triplo aequalibus,patentibus,longioribus quam pistillo,ad 1.3     

四川重楼属植物2新记录变种

报道了四川重楼属植物2新分布变种,分别是宽瓣球药隔重楼(Paris fargesii var. latipetala H. Li et V. G. Soukup)和红果五指莲(Paris axialis H. Li var. rubra H. H. Zhou, K. Y. Wu et R. Tao)。其中红果五指莲为贵州特有类群,且为孤点分布。四川新分布的发现对于重楼属植物的系统分类和迁徙演化研究具有重要意义。     

云南可食的革菌属真菌的分类研究

“干巴菌”因别具清香的佳美食味而与竹荪、虫草、鸡、松茸等同属于云南珍贵的野生食用菌。每年夏秋，鲜干巴菌类在市场上深受欢迎。干巴菌分布于滇中的昆明、安宁、富民、禄丰等，滇西的丽江、保山、昌宁等地。常生于松林、油杉林等针叶松林下。     

Comparative evaluation of various immunodiagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs, using fractionated antigens

The sensitivity and specificity of double immunodiffusion (DID), indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated and compared using saline extracted of Taenia solium larval scolex and its Sephadex G-200 fractionated 1st and 2nd peak as antigens. Various immunodiagnostic tests gave different results with different antigens. Highest sensitivity (92.5%) was obtained with 84.6% sensitivity was obtained with IHA and CIEP respectively using scolex antigen. CIEP gave better results as compared to IEP. Crude antigen gave high sensitivity but less specificity. It was concluded that CIEP can be used as a field test for the anti-mortem diagnosis and ELISA can be employed for laboratory confirmation of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs using fractionated 1st peak antigen.     

Immunoprotective extracellular polysaccharides of Klebsiella aerogenes capsular type K1, expressed in Escherichia coli

A gene library of genomic DNA Klebsiella aerogenes of capsular serotype K1 was constructed in E. coli LE392 using the cosmid pMMB33. Culture filtrates of E. coli recombinants were screened by ELISA for extracellular polysaccharides specific for K. aerogenes K1. Extracellular polysaccharide extracts from K. aerogenes K1 and 3% of the E. coli recombinants contained immunoprotective extracellular polysaccharides (IEP) with similar chemical and immunological properties as shown by gel filtration through Sephacryl 1000, double immunodiffusion and mouse protection tests. IEPs contained no detectable protein, had molecular weights of several hundred million and protected mice against lethal autologous K. aerogenes K1 challenge at a dosage of 10 nanograms per mouse.     

Immunoprotective extracellular polysaccharides of Klebsiella aerogenes capsular type K1, expressed in Escherichia coli

Abstract A gene library of genomic DNA Klebsiella aerogenes of capsular serotype K1 was constructed in E. coli LE392 using the cosmid pMMB33. Culture filtrates of E. coli recombinants were screened by ELISA for extracellular polysaccharides specific for K. aerogenes K1. Extracellular polysaccharide extracts from K. aerogenes K1 and 3% of the E. coli recombinants contained immunoprotective extracellular polysaccharides (IEP) with similar chemical and immunological properties as shown by gel filtration through Sephacryl 1000, double immunodiffusion and mouse protection tests. IEPs contained no detectable protein, had molecular weights of several hundred million and protected mice against lethal autologous K. aerogenes K1 challenge at a dosage of 10 nanograms per mouse.     

Physico-chemical and antigenic characterization of unconventional heavy chain antibodies of Indian desert camel (Camelus dromedarius L.)

Heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) of IgG2 and IgG3 subtypes were purified from the sera of Indian desert camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on protein A-sepharose and protein G-sepharose, and characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), ELISA and immunoblotting. IgG2 and IgG3 were found to have molecular mass 46.77 kDa and 43.65 kDa, respectively by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. They migrated in beta-region in IEP and could be detected in CIEP, because of being more negatively charged and smaller size. Anti-camel IgG3 cross-reacted in AGID, ELISA and immunoblotting with IgGs of pig and ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat), but not with immunoglobulins from horse, dog, guinea pigs, mice, fish, poultry and human. The present findings suggest close antigenic relationship of camels with pigs and ruminants.     

Development of a Peptide ELISA for the Diagnosis of Aleutian Mink Disease

Aleutian disease (AD) is a common immunosuppressive disease in mink farms world-wide. Since the 1980s, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) has been the main detection method for infection with the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV). In this study, six peptides derived from the AMDV structural protein VP2 were designed, synthesized, and used as ELISA antigens to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in the sera of infected minks. Serum samples were collected from 764 minks in farms from five different provinces, and analyzed by both CIEP (a gold standard) and peptide ELISA. A peptide designated P1 (415 aa–433 aa) exhibited good antigenicity. A novel ELISA was developed using ovalbumin-linked peptide P1 to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in mink sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the peptide ELISA was 98.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Moreover, the ELISA also detected 342 early-stage infected samples (negative by CIEP and positive by PCR), of which 43.6% (149/342) were true positives. These results showed that the peptide ELISA had better sensitivity compared with CIEP, and therefore could be preferable over CIEP for detecting anti-AMDV antibodies in serological screening.     

A strategy for production of monoclonal antibodies to Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 and antigen B.

Serum antibody responses to sheep hydatid cyst fluid (SHCF) and a purified Antigen 5 (Ag5) were examined in ELISA, immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and immunoprecipitation (IP) to facilitate production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to E. granulosus Ag5 and Antigen B (AgB). Although sera from mice immunized with SHCF contained antibodies of various classes, the fusions using these donor mice resulted in mainly anti-AgB MAb, possibly due to the preferential selection of MAb to AgB by the SHCF-based ELISA screening system. Donor mice immunized with Ag5 also produced several classes of antibodies, and the resultant fusions enabled selection of IgG MAb to Ag5.     

A mouse partially protective glycoprotein antigen inStreptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia

The immunological properties of a glycoprotein antigen (antigen 2) ofStreptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia were investigated. A specific antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with antigen 2 immunoprecipitates excised from Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (Crossed IEP) gels. This antiserum produced a single peak representing antigen 2 when reacted with a Triton X-100 sonicate of heat-killed whole serotype Ia cells in Crossed IEP analysis. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent immunoelectroblotting, three strongly reacting polypeptides were detected at 60, 56, and 35 kilo-Daltons. Many faintly reacting polypeptides were detected between 67 and 30 kilodalton. The specific anti-antigen 2 serum used in Crossed immunoisoelectric focusing (XIEF) detected three immunoprecipitates, two with a pI of 8.4 and one with a pI of 6.7. Identification of the antigens detected in XIEF with the polypeptides detected by immunoelectroblotting was not attempted. The specific anti-antigen 2 serum partially protected mice against lethal serotype Ia infection.     

L1.LtrB内含子编码蛋白反转录结构域关键催化位点分析及功能验证

【目的】筛选影响Ll.LtrB内含子编码蛋白(Intron encoded protein,IEP)反转录功能的关键催化位点,并获得无反转录活性的IEP突变体。【方法】首先,利用NCBI数据库,通过序列比对及同源建模方法筛选影响IEP反转录功能的关键氨基酸催化位点;然后,对筛选获得的关键催化位点进行定点突变,同时以Targetron载体为模板,构建无反转录功能的突变型Targetron打靶系统;最后,以大肠杆菌lacZ基因为例,体内验证IEP突变体的功能及其对Ⅱ型内含子"归巢"效率的影响。【结果】筛选到C164和G214两个位点是影响内含子编码蛋白反转录功能的关键氨基酸残基,并获得C164K和G214W两个突变体。体内功能分析表明,此两个位点突变完全失活了Ⅱ型内含子的"归巢"功能。【结论】筛选并获得了失活反转录功能的Ll.LtrB内含子编码蛋白突变体,为深入研究Ⅱ型内含子的结构和"归巢"机理奠定了基础。