商城肥鲵肝及胰的解剖学与组织学观察

利用常规H.E和改良甲苯胺蓝染色方法(modified toluidine staining,MTB),对商城肥鲵(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)肝、胆囊和胰的解剖学、组织学以及上述器官的肥大细胞进行了观察。结果表明,商城肥鲵的肝小叶不明显,肝索互相连接成网状,肝细胞核大,单核,少数2～3核,肝侧缘细胞胞体大,有的达70μm,但核质比小。肝中存在大量的色素细胞。胆囊黏膜上皮为单层扁平或立方上皮,未见形成皱襞。胰中结缔组织不发达,细胞界限不清,胞核大。除肝的门管区、肝门静脉区和胰的胰管周围分布有较多的肥大细胞外,肝和胰中其他区域分布很少,胆囊壁内有较多的肥大细胞。     

控释肥硫膜降解对微域土壤性质的影响

硫包膜控释肥在农业上的大面积应用,引起了硫膜降解产物对土壤环境影响的广泛关注。选用山东有代表性的耕作土壤棕壤和潮土,设置处理包括硫加树脂残膜、硫残膜、硫磺片,采用尼龙滤网分隔法获取受控释肥硫膜影响较强的微域土壤,对比研究了硫膜对微域和非微域土壤某些化学性质的影响。结果表明,在棕壤上施用各含硫材料会显著影响微域土壤的pH值,微域各含硫材料的氧化高峰期出现在60d左右。硫膜降解对潮土pH值影响与棕壤相比不显著,但肥际微域与非微域相比下降明显。硫残膜对土壤中的微量元素能起到一定的活化作用,尤其是对潮土肥际微域有效铁的影响最为显著,培养结束时硫加树脂残膜处理是空白处理的6.58倍。潮土中施用含硫包膜控释肥可活化土壤养分,从而提高土壤中有效硫和有效磷的含量。控释肥硫膜降解对土壤性质影响显著的区域是在硫膜≤5mm范围内的土壤,而对非肥际微域土壤的化学性质无显著影响。     

控释肥对夏玉米产量及田间氨挥发和氮素利用率的影响

在大田条件下研究了树脂包膜控释肥（CRF）和硫包膜控释肥（SCF）对夏玉米产量、田间氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明：控释肥能显著提高玉米产量.在相同施肥量（N、P、K量相同）情况下,全量控释肥CRF(1428 kg·hm^-2)和SCF（1668 kg·hm^-2）分别比全量普通复合肥CCF（1260 kg·hm^-2）增产13.15%和14.15%;控释肥施肥量减少25%（CRF 1071 kg·hm^-2;SCF 1251 kg·hm^-2）时,分别比CCF增产9.69%和10.04%;控释肥施肥量减少50%时（CRF 714 kg·hm^-2;SCF 834 kg·hm^-2）,其产量与CCF无显著差异.对夏玉米田间土壤原位氨挥发进行研究表明,控释肥处理氨挥发速率上升缓慢,最大挥发高峰出现时间比普通肥处理晚7 d,土壤氨挥发量在0.78～4.43 kg N·hm^-2,比普通肥处理(9.11 kg N·hm^-2)减少51.34%～91.34%.控释肥的氮肥利用率和农学效率也均显著高于普通肥处理.     

贵州四种蝾螈科动物的核型和C-带比较研究

我国蝾螈科已知共约5属18种(亚种)(叶昌嫒等，1993)，国内已有一些有关其核型的报道(朱季美等，1981；杨玉华等，1992；谷晓明等，1997)，涉及到大约1/3的种类，其中作了C-带研究的仅我国东南和贵州的3个种及产于日本的2个种(朱季美等，1981；Seto et al，1982；谷哓明等，1997)。本文报道蓝尾蝾螈、无斑肥螈、细痣疣螈和贵州疣螈的核型和C-带。     

广西瑶山鳄蜥的新分布

瑶山鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)是第四纪冰川后期残留的我国华南区爬行类的特有种,已往的研究认为它仅分布在广西东部北纬24°—24°25′之间的狭长地带。1987年6—10月间我们在广西大藤峡电站库区进行野外调查时,发现在离原分布区较远的南部地区也有鳄蜥分布。新分布区大藤峡河段在黔江两岸皆为陡峭的山峰石壁,黔江似在群山被切开的狭缝中穿过,丹霞式地貌在此尤为突出。水流很急,河面宽约80—200米左右(指枯水或丰水期),在河谷处的海拔约45米,主峰洪水顶为1314米;南岸莲花山的主峰高800多米。我们先后在金田乡罗宜、三莲村;大藤峡河…     

禾本科及豆科牧草对黄土丘陵区台田土壤培肥效果的比较研究

以黄土丘陵区具有代表性的禾本科及豆科牧草无芒雀麦和沙打旺为材料,研究其对川台地土壤腐歼击质含量和组成,有关营养元素及后茬作物产量的不同影响。结果表明,种植禾本科及豆科牧草均能提高土壤中的腐殖质及氮磷营养的水平,其中禾本科牧草效果较豆科牧草更为明显。     

四类不同倍性鲫鱼在胚胎发育期间同工酶基因表达的比较分析

Isozyme zymograms of esterase (EST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. Haploid embryos of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were produced by treating eggs with UV-irradiated milt from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Natural triploid embryos were obtained from the eggs of gynogenetic silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) inseminated with milt from red common carp. Multiple tetraploid embryos were also produced by gynogenesis from eggs of the newly discovered multiple tetraploid females inseminated with milt from red common carp. Gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that the band types and staining intensity of 4 isozymes expressed in haploid embryos of crucian carp and red common carp were similar to that in the correlative diploid embryos. In natural triploid silver crucian carp embryos, the zymograms of MDH and SOD isozymes were identical with that of diploid crucian carp embryos, but the EST and LDH isozymes manifested more new enzyme bands in comparison with diploid embryos. The corresponding expressed products of some bands in the triploid embryos, such as EST5 and EST6, could be observed also in red common carp embryos, which provided evidence for hybrid origin about the gynogenetic fish. The multiple tetraploids incorporated one foreign genome of red common carp, therefore, the effects of genes from the foreign genome could be observed in the multiple tetraploid embryos. Gene expression of the isozymes in the tetraploid embryos was somewhat similar to that in hybrids. Owing to interaction of triploid silver crucian carp genomes and common carp haploid genome, some isozyme bands, such as EST5 and EST6, changed in quantity, and some bands increased, such as s-SOD1, s-SOD2, s-SOD3 and s-SOD4 in the tetraploid embryos. Moreover, the heterogeneity was revealed among embryos developed from gynogenetic eggs of 3 different multiple tetraploid individuals.     

中华猕猴桃施肥试验初报

中华猕猴桃施肥试验初报李洁维,李瑞高,梁木源,毛世忠（广西植物研究所,桂林５４１００６）ＡＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＮＲＥＡＳＯＮＡＢＬＥＦＥＲＴＩＬＩＺＩＮＧＴＲＩＡＬＦＯＲＡＣＴＩＮＩＤＩＡＣＬＯＮＥ￥ＬｉＪｉｅｗｅｉ;ＬｉＲｕｉｇａｏ...     

镇海棘螈及濒危现状

本文简述了镇海棘螈的研究概况、外部形态、生活习性及其研究价值。调查资料表明,棘螈分布区极窄,数量甚少,已处于极度濒危。同时对濒危原因作了分析,提出了保护措施和建议。     

瑶山髭蟾的核型

髭蟾是我国特有的无尾两栖类,主要分布在川、黔、滇、桂、浙、闽等省的山区。自刘承钊于1945年建立髭蟾属(Vibrissaphora Liu)以来,已先后发表有五种,即峨嵋髭蟾(Vibrissaphora boringii Liu),崇安髭蟾(V.liui Pope),雷山髭蟾(V.leishanensis Liu et Hu),瑶山髭蟾(V.yaoshanensis Liu et Hu)和哀牢髭蟾(V.ailaomica Yang,Chen et Ma)。赵尔宓、吴贯夫(1983,1987)报道了全部髭蟾种的核型,并提出了瑶山髭