北京地区大葱和玉米根际VA菌根的季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系

1986-1987年连续两年系统调查了北京地区大葱(Allium fistulosum L.)和玉米(Zeamays L.)根际 VA 菌根侵染百分率及菌根真菌孢子密度的季节变化。分析了菌根和菌根真菌的发生与几种土壤因子(土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和有机质含量,土壤 pH 值)和气候因子(气温、积温、土温、光照、降水量,相对湿度等)之间的关系。结果表明:大葱和玉米的侵染百分率随作物生育期的增长而增加,并以6月和9月的增长速度最快。一年中,植物根际菌根真菌的孢子密度有二个高峰,分别在6-7月和10月。在北京的同一地区,一年中,几种测定的土壤因子变化很小,因此,认为气候因子对菌根发生的季节变化具有更大的影响。用线性相关和关联度分析的结果表明:一年中,菌根的发生与积温的关系最为密切。     

环境因子对两种海洋双壳类幼体趋性行为中的调节作用

本文研究了温度、盐度和重金属等几种因子对缢蛏和长牡蛎幼体趋地性和趋光性行为的影响。结果表明:1)降低温度能增强缢蛏幼体的正趋地性,而长牡蛎幼体却由正趋地性转变为负趋地性,同时两种幼体的正趋光性受到抑制作用;升高温度对缢蛏幼体趋光性的影响不明显,但能加强牡蛎幼体的正趋光性。2)盐度提高时缢蛏幼体的正趋光性趋于增强,正趋地性趋于减弱。3)重金属Cu和Zn在各自的亚致死浓度下具有提高缢蛏幼体正趋地性和降低正趋光性的作用,而牡蛎幼体的正趋地性却趋于减弱,正趋光性趋于增强。本文据上述幼体的行为变化,还讨论了这几种因子对幼体垂直分布的调节作用。     

一种简便有效的菌落原位杂交法

本方法采用国产定量滤纸代替硝酸纤维素膜进行菌落杂交筛选。省去了真空烤膜和预杂交操作。末端标记的寡核苷酸探针杂交所得结果具有较好的特异性和较强的放射活性。     

军团菌致病因子及其DNA诊断

<正>军团菌(Legionella)通过人呼吸道吸入,引起呼吸器官感染。嗜肺性军团菌(L·Pneumophila)的典型症状是肺炎,且多发展成重症肺炎,但是由L·feeleii引起的庞带蒂亚克(pontiac)热并不引起肺炎,表现为皮疹,发热,头痛、关节痛等剧烈全身症状,常疑为病毒性疾病,一般数天即可治愈。 由于对L·feeleii的病原因子尚不完全了解,本文从迄今为止有关嗜肺性军团菌的报导中,就有关病原因子的内容作一介绍。另外,军团菌属自命名以来,在约10年的时间内,共报导了包括亚种在内的27个菌种,这些菌种从外形上无法鉴别,因此,本文后半部分将介绍用DNA进行检测和检定的快速诊断法。     

肿瘤坏死因子的研究进展

<正>肿瘤坏死因子(TNF或TNF-α)的研究进展日新月异,与数年前相比可谓面目一新,当初仅了解TNF的抗肿瘤活性,但后来发现TNF对多种正常细胞具有广泛的生物学活性。其生物学活性不仅与结构类似,结合同一种受体的淋巴毒素(LT或TNF-β)相近,且与结构迥异、结合不同细胞受体的白细胞介素1(IL-1)具有广泛的功能重叠性。 TNF及其分泌调节 TNF由分子量17kd的亚单位构成,依动物种类及分离方法的不同,可为2聚体,3聚体或4聚体,还不清楚多聚体是否为体现生物学活性所必需。人TNF为非糖基化蛋白,而几乎所有动物的TNF都为糖蛋白。 小鼠TNF分子由156个氨酸残基构成。家兔TNF在N端缺2残基,为154个残基。而人TNF由于在第73位插入一组氨酸,由157个氨酸残基构成。     

用生物发光法对绿浓杆菌粘附因子的研究

A bioluminescence method was established for quantifying the adhesion of P. aeruginosa to polystyrene and the adherent components were investigated. The results indicated that the slime polysaccharide (SPS) is an important adherent factor of some slime strains of P. aeruginosa. The adhered amount of washed slime strains could be increased by pre-coating of polystyrene with SPS obtained from PA3. The activity of PA3SPS could be inhibited by anti-PA3SPS antiserum and blocked by N-acetylglucosamine.     

固定化酵母反应动力学的研究

本文采用微分反应器初速度法对以海藻酸钙为载体的固定化酵母的耗糖动力学进行了研究。测得了固定化酵母的表观动力学常数,并进一步求得了固定化酵母的本征动力学常数。实验结果表明,固定化酵母的表观动力学常数显著受内外扩散的影响,其本征动力学常数与 游离酵母的动力学常数比较,也有较大的不同。此外,对内扩散对反应动力学的影响进行了理论分析和实验验证。     

心房钠泵因子对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的易化作用

Effects of atriopeptin II (APII) on the carotid sinus baroreflex in anesthetized rats and on the sinus nerve afferent activity in the anesthetized rabbits were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) By perfusing the isolated left carotid sinus with APII (1 microgram/ml) in anesthetized rats (n = 10), the threshold pressure (TP) of the carotid baroreflex did not show any change, while the equilibrium pressure (EP), the saturation pressure (SP) and the operating range (OR) were decreased from 101 +/- 2.8 to 95 +/- 2.0 mmHg (P less than 0.05), 202 +/- 5.2 to 168 +/- 6.1 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and 128 +/- 5.5 to 93 +/- 6.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001), respectively. The function curve of the baroreflex was shifted to the left and downward with a peak slope (PS) increased during perfusing with APII. In contrast, by perfusing the carotid sinus with sodium nitroprusside (NP, 0.5 micrograms/ml), TP and EP remained unchanged, whereas SP and OR were increased from 188 +/- 6.4 to 218 +/- 6.0 mmHg (n = 6, P less than 0.01) and from 107 +/- 6.9 to 132 +/- 7.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05), respectively. The function curve of the baroreflex and its PS were not affected by NP. The sinus nerve afferent activity was quite stable with the perfusion of carotid sinus at constant intrasinus pressure (ISP) in the rabbits (n = 6) and increased during the elevation of ISP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

α—人心房钠尿因子对离体豚鼠心肌收缩力和动作电位...

The effect of alpha-hANF on contractile force and action potential duration (APD) of isolated myocardium in guinea pig was investigated. At the level of 20 nmol/L and 40 nmol/L alpha-hANF, the contraction amplitude and rate of contraction phase decreased to a remarkable extent. And at 40 nmol/L, APDs were shortened significantly 20 min after alpha-hANF. The results suggest that there exists a direct inhibitory effect of alpha-hANF on myocardial contractile force and action potential duration.     

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒因子(CVF)对补体系统的作用及与人补作C_3和其他蛇毒抗原性关系

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B。HPLC等多次柱层析分离出有抗补体及溶血活性的眼镜蛇蛇毒因子(Cobra venom factor,CVF),纯化后的CVF在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱上呈单一区带,分子量为225000—230000,等电点为6.20。用二硫苏糖醇还原经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得三类亚基,其分子量总和为237,000。 体外抗补体及溶血试验表明,CVF的作用是通过补体旁路途经使总补体活力下降。双向免疫电泳鉴定,发现CVF与人血清作用后,其中补体成分C_3分子的抗原性发生改变,则表明CVF的作用是通过激活补体成分C_3而发挥的。给豚鼠腹腔注射CVF(0.15ug/g体重)后,其血清总补体水平下降到正常值的3％以下,7天后回升,13天后恢复到正常水平。 单相免疫电泳表明,CVF与人补体C_3抗血清间无任何交叉免疫反应,但人血清与CVF抗血清间有微弱的免疫沉淀反应。另外,CVF的氨基酸组成与人补体C_3也较为相似。鉴定还表明眼镜蛇科中四种蛇毒与CVF抗血清有强烈的免疫沉淀反应,蝰蛇毒及海蛇毒也有免疫沉淀反应,但只有眼镜蛇毒具有抗补体活性。