A New <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> Strain Producing Human Tumor Necrosis Factor

An Escherichia coli strain producing human tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was obtained using a semisynthetic gene partially optimized in respect of codon composition and a phage T7 promoter. The expression product was accumulated in cells as inclusion bodies in a yield of 50–70 mg/l of culture medium. The recombinant TNF-α in the form of inclusion bodies was used for immunization of rats to give a polyclonal antiserum. The resulting antibodies were specific under the immunoblotting conditions to the antigen used for the immunization. A dilution-based refolding procedure was developed; it provided a yield of soluble protein exceeding 85%.     

Renaturation of human proinsulin--a study on refolding and conversion to insulin

The production of human proinsulin in Escherichia coli usually leads to the formation of inclusion bodies. As a consequence, the recombinant protein must be isolated, refolded under suitable redox conditions, and enzymatically converted to the biologically active insulin. In this study we describe a detailed in vitro renaturation protocol for human proinsulin that includes native structure formation and the enzymatic conversion to mature insulin. We used a His(8)-Arg-proinsulin that was renatured from the completely reduced and denatured state in the presence of a cysteine/cystine redox couple. The refolding process was completed after 10-30 min and was shown to be strongly dependent on the redox potential and the pH value, but not on the temperature. Refolding yields of 60-70% could be obtained even at high concentrations of denaturant (3M guanidinium-HCl or 4M urea) and protein concentrations of 0.5mg/ml. By stepwise renaturation a concentration of about 6 mg/ml of native proinsulin was achieved. The refolded proinsulin was correctly disulfide-bonded and native and monomeric as shown by RP-HPLC, ELISA, circular dichroism, and analytical gel filtration. Treatment of the renatured proinsulin with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B yielded mature insulin.     

蛋白的色谱复性及同时纯化

对近年来新发展的用液相色谱(LC)进行蛋白质复性及同时纯化的方法做了评述,详细介绍了蛋白质在4种液相色谱上的复性及同时纯化的方法、设备和影响因素,并对各自的优缺点进行了比较,为色谱法作为研究蛋白质折叠及用于基因工程生产治疗蛋白质的复性及同时纯化技术的进一步应用提供依据。     

重组人尿激酶原的体外变复性研究

重组人尿激酶原在大肠杆菌中过量表达时形成不溶物包涵体,需经体外变复性后才能获得生物活性。本文旨在提高包涵体中变性尿激酶原的复性效率,通过对pH,温度,变性剂种类及浓度,蛋白浓度,以及巯基氧化还原对的比率等的定性定量分析,研究重组人尿激酶原体外变复性的基本条件,并比较了添加某些非特异有效成分,脉冲稀释,梯度透析等方法对提高重组人尿激酶原体外变复性效率的作用。确定了重组人尿激酶原体外变复性的适宜方法,复性效率可达20%～30%。     

重组GM—CSF／IL—3融合蛋白的纯化

重组粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子／白细胞介素３（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３）融合蛋白是一种很有发展潜力与应用前景的重组药物,它在大肠杆菌中是以饱含体形式表达的,针对这一重组蛋白饱含体的洗涤、变性、复性以及最终的纯化过程,进行了深入地研究,重点分析和比较了不同条件及因素对于重组蛋白包含体变性及复性过程听影响。实验结果表明,８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素及１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＴＴ可以使包含体充分溶解。在复性过程中,采用     

甲胎蛋白的原核表达及复性优化

构建甲胎蛋白的原核表达载体p ET32a-AFP,对包涵体形式表达的甲胎蛋白进行复性优化。将构建的重组质粒p ET32a-AFP转化入E.coli,IPTG诱导表达后,经亲和层析纯化获得AFP包涵体,通过对复性过程、p H、添加剂等的研究摸索,获得最佳复性条件。当采用添加0.5 mol/L L-精氨酸的一步法透析复性方法,且透析液p H值为8.5,重组人AFP包涵体蛋白起始浓度为1.0 mg/m L时,复性效率最高。该复性方法获得蛋白质具有较高的回收率且操作简便。     

Microbial Oxidation of α-Methylstyrene and β-Methylstyrene

An unidentified bacterial strain S107B1, isolated from soil by use of isopropylbenzene as a carbon source, was shown to bring about oxidation of α-methylstyrene and β-methylstyrene,

One of the oxidation products produced from α-methylstyrene was identified as the new compound, (—)-cis-23-dihydroxy-1-isopropenyl-6-cyclohexene.

The same strain S107B1 also oxidized β-methylstyrene and produced 3-phenylpropionaldehyde and benzoic acid.

From these results, the existence of reductive step for the aerobic degradation of these aromatic hydrocarbons by this strain was made clear. The initial attack on these aromatic hydrocarbons and a cyclohexenediol compound formed from α-methylstyrene were discussed.     

Production of synthetically created phospholipase A(2) variants with industrial impact

Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) play an important role for the production of lysophospholipids. Presently they are mainly obtained from porcine or bovine pancreas but these mammalian sources are not accepted in several fields of application. To make accessible a non-mammalian PLA(2) to industrial application, synthetic genes encoding PLA(2) from honey bee (Apis mellifera) with modified N-termini were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. While expression of the gene with an N-terminal leader sequence to direct the protein into the periplasm failed, four variants with slightly modified N-termini (I1A-PLA(2), I1V-PLA(2), His(6)-tagged PLA(2) and PLA(2) still containing the start methionine) were successfully expressed. In all cases, the PLA(2) variants were produced as inclusion bodies. Their protein content amounted to 26-35% of total cell protein. The optimized renaturation procedure and subsequent purification by cation-exchange chromatography yielded pure active enzymes in yields of 4-11 mg L(-1). The recombinant PLA(2) variants showed activities, far-UV CD and fluorescence spectra similar to the glycosylated PLA(2) isolated from the venom glands of honey bee (bv-PLA(2)). The thermodynamic stabilities of the recombinant enzymes calculated from the transition curves of guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding were also nearly identical to the stability of bv-PLA(2). For the variant I1A-PLA(2) high-cell density fermentation in 10 L-scale using mineral salt medium was shown to increase the volumetric enzyme yield considerably.     

Polymerase chain reaction analysis of transgenic plants contaminated byAgrobacterium

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is a method of choice for the development of transgenic plants. The presence of latentAgrobacterium that multiplies in the plant tissue in spite of antibiotic application confounds the results obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of putative transgenic plants. The presence ofAgrobacterium can be confirmed by amplification of eitherAgrobacterium chromosomal genes or genes present out of transfer DNA (T-DNA) in the binary vector. However, the transgenic nature ofAgrobacterium-contaminated transgenic plants cannot be confirmed by PCR. Here we report a simple protocol for PCR analysis ofAgrobacterium-contaminated transgenic plants. This protocol is based on denaturation and renaturation of DNA. The contaminating plasmid vector becomes double-stranded after renaturation and is cut by a restriction enzyme having site(s) within the PCR amplicon. As a result, amplification by PCR is not possible. The genomic DNA with a few copies of the transgene remains single-stranded and unaffected by the restriction enzyme, leading to amplification by PCR. This protocol has been successfully tested with 4 different binary vectors and 3Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains: EHA105, LBA4404, and GV3101.     

来源于青霉菌聚半乳糖醛酸酶的筛选及其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达

聚半乳糖醛酸酶属于果胶水解酶类,在食品、饲料、纺织和造纸等工业生产中应用广泛。本研究筛选获得一株能分解果胶的青霉菌Penicillium sp. FJ2,使用简并引物PCR和TAIL-PCR方法从该菌中克隆得到一个聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因pgp1。pgp1基因全长1 225 bp,包含2个内含子,其cDNA全长1 104 bp,编码367个氨基酸和一个终止密码子。将pgp1基因连接pET-30a(+)载体并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),重组蛋白以包涵体形式获得表达。通过尿素溶解和梯度稀释方法对重组蛋白PGP1进行了重折叠复性试验,复性后的PGP1聚半乳糖醛酸酶活力达到12.9 U/mL,比活力为583 U/mg。