贵州遵义松林黑沙坡早寒武世牛蹄塘生物群中镇巴虫的发现

贵州遵义松林中南村黑沙坡下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群下部层位产有大型三叶虫,计有2属3种,1未定种：Zhenbaspis subconica S. G Zhang in Lu et al. , 1974, Z. longa Zhou in Lee et al. , 1975 ; Zhenbaspis sp. , Runnania similis Lee in Yin et Lee, , 1978, 确认 Zhenbaspis (Zhenxiongaspis) Lin et Yin in Yin et Lee, 1978,为 Zhenbastn‘sChang et Chu in Lu et al. ,1974的同义名。探讨Zhenbaspis的古地理分布及演化趋势。论文还描述与Zhenbaspis,Runnania共生的Tsunyidiscus及Mianxiandiscus,其中Mianxiandiscus产于下生物群即牛蹄塘组近底部,再次证实牛蹄塘下生物群的时代早于澄江生物群。     

甜菜夜蛾抗氯氟氰菊酯品系相对适合度、抗性生化机理及抗性遗传方式

比较了甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua 抗氯氟氰菊酯品系和敏感品系的繁殖和生长发育特征。结果表明：抗性品系幼虫发育历期延长、蛹重减轻、化蛹率和产卵量降低,抗性品系的适合度为0.61,抗性品系在繁殖和生长发育上存在明显的生存劣势。用两品系3龄幼虫分别测定胡椒基丁醚（PBO）、增效磷SV₁）、脱叶磷（DEF）和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（DEM）对氯氟氰菊酯的增效作用,抗性品系增效倍数与敏感品系增效倍数之比分别为14.1、14.8、2.3和2.3倍,胡椒基丁醚和增效磷对氯氟氰菊酯增效作用最明显,表明多功能氧化酶参与了甜菜夜蛾对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性。抗性品系3龄幼虫酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性分别为敏感品系的1.05倍和0.91倍, 抗性品系5龄幼虫多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性为敏感品系的1.05倍,两品系间3种酶的活性差异不显著,表明甜菜夜蛾对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性与酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶及多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基酶活性无关。用剂量对数死亡机率值回归线分析法研究甜菜夜蛾对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性遗传规律,表明甜菜夜蛾对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性为常染色体遗传、多基因控制;正、反交后代的显性度分别为0.61和0.43,抗性遗传为不完全显性。     

基于细胞色素b基因序列的东亚鳜类系统发育关系

鳜类为东亚特有类群。为验证东亚鳜类的单系起源,解决其分类划分的争议,本文采用特异性引物PCR扩增法获得了鳜类中鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、暗鳜、波纹鳜、长体鳜细胞色素b基因的全长序列,结合GenBank中日本少鳞鳜、朝鲜少鳞鳜和中国少鳞鳜的序列,初步构建了东亚鳜类种间的系统发育关系。NJ树和MP树均一致表明,鳜类为单系类群,可分为两支:鳜鱼群和少鳞鳜群。长体鳜未单独成群,而与鳜鱼属聚为一支,不支持将长体鳜单独设属,而应归入鳜鱼属。鳜鱼群中,MP树推测的长体鳜、暗鳜较为原始,鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜和波纹鳜为特化种类的系统关系假设与其形态、生态特征表型进化较为一致。少鳞鳜群中,中国少鳞鳜与朝鲜少鳞鳜为姐妹种,再与日本少鳞鳜构成姐妹群的系统关系与其地理分布格局较为一致。本研究结果可为深入探讨鳜类物种有效性、系统分类位置及生物地理学提供依据。     

鳜类鱼类的线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析

鳜类为低等鲈形目鱼类,是东亚特有类群。然而,关于其系统位置、分类以及一些物种的有效性等尚有争议。采用PCR扩增直接测序的方法,获得了鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、暗鳜、波纹鳜、长体鳜、中国少鳞鳜线粒体DNA控制区基因的序列。对比其他已报道鱼类控制区的结构识别序列,对鳜类鱼类控制区的结构进行了分析,识别了终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区,并找到了DNA复制终止相关的序列ETAS和中央保守区的保守序列CSB-F、CSB-E、CSB-D以及保守序列区的保守序列CSB1、CSB2、CSB3。几种鳜鱼间共有191个变异位点,其中,终止序列区的变异最高,占总变异的61．3％,中央保守区和保守序列区占总变异的38．7％。这一结果可为全面了解鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构特征提供资料。同时,利用高度变异的控制区序列,以鲈科和错科作为外群,使用邻接法和最大简约法构建了这几种鳜鱼的系统发育树。结果表明：鳜类为一单系类群,鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、暗鳜、波纹鳜、长体鳜构成一支鳜鱼群,其中,鳜与大眼鳜为姐妹种;中国少鳞鳜为另一支少鳞鳜群;长体鳜未单独成一支,而是聚入鳜鱼群内,应更名为Siniperca roulei。研究结果支持将现生鳜类分为两个类群的观点。     

Impacts of nitrogen deposition on terrestrial plant diversity: a meta-analysis in China

Aims With the global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition increasing, the effect of N deposition on terrestrial plant diversity has been widely studied. Some studies have reviewed the effects of N deposition on plant species diversity; however, all studies addressed the effects of N deposition on plant community focused on species richness in specific ecosystem. There is a need for a systematic meta-analysis covering multiple dimensions of plant diversity in multiple climate zones and ecosystems types. Our goal was to quantify changes in species richness, evenness and uncertainty in plant communities in response to N addition across different environmental and experimental contexts.     

4－硒（代）硫酸酯多糖的抗肿瘤免疫调节作用及其机制研究

本实验系统地研究了４－硒（代）硫酸酯多糖的抗肿瘤免疫调节作用及其机制。发现该药在体内外均有抑制肿瘤生长的作用,并认为其抑瘤机制与促进巨噬细胞活性,间接促进淋巴细胞活性,释放具有杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应分子以及选择性抑制肿瘤细胞大分子合成有关。结果表明,４－硒（代）硫酸酯多糖是一种兼具杀伤肿瘤细胞和增强免疫功能双重作用的新型免疫型抗肿瘤药。     

安徽淮南老鹰山下、中寒武统界线及三叶虫动物群

详细记述安徽淮南老鹰山下、中寒武统界线剖面及所咕叶虫动物群,提出在华北及东北南部地台区划分下,中寒武统界线新定义。即三叶虫Ｐａｇｅｔｉａ（Ｓｉｎｏｐａｇｅｔｉａ）的首次出现作为中寒武世的开始;描述５科２２属（亚属）３４种及未定种,包括２新属１６新种。     

Human testis-expressed sequence 101 is limitedly distributed in germinal epithelium of testis and disappears in seminoma

Background

Testis-expressed sequence 101 (TEX101) was found to be highly expressed in testis and involved in acrosome reaction in previous studies. Recently, the metastasis suppressor function of TEX101 in cancer was disclosed, but the comprehensive investigation of its expression has rarely been reported. In this study, the expression features of TEX101 in normal human organs and seminoma were systematically analyzed.

Results

Immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense staining of TEX101 in human testis tissues; however, its expression in 27 other types of normal human organs, including the ovary, was negligible. Higher expression of TEX101 was observed in the spermatocytes and spermatids of the testis, but relatively lower staining was detected in spermatogonia. Western blotting showed a single TEX101 band of 38 kDa in human testis, but it did not correspond to the predicted molecular weight of its mature form at 21 KDa. Furthermore, we examined seminoma tissues by immunohistochemistry and found that none of the 36 samples expressed TEX101.

Conclusions

Our data confirmed TEX101 to be a testis protein that could be related to the maturation process of male germ cells. The lack of TEX101 in seminoma indicated its potential role in tumor progression. This characteristic expression of TEX101 could provide a valuable reference for understanding its biological functions.