植被类型变化对土壤微生物碳利用效率的影响研究进展

植被类型变化强烈影响着土壤碳循环。土壤微生物碳利用效率（CUE）是微生物将从环境中获取的碳分配给自身生长的比例，是土壤碳循环的综合指标。研究植被类型变化对CUE的影响有助于从微生物视角理解该过程中的土壤碳动态，可以为评估植被类型变化对土壤质量及生态系统碳循环的影响提供基础，具有重要的理论及实际价值。通过系统查阅相关文献，综述了植被类型变化导致的CUE变化情况，以及该过程中影响CUE的因子与机制。目前，相关研究主要涉及以林地、草地和农业用地为起点或终点的植被变化类型。天然林（原生林、次生林）变化为人工林、林地变化为草地后CUE普遍下降，随终点植被的发展CUE可能恢复至起点水平。植被成熟度越高，发生转变时CUE变化越剧烈。植被类型变化以农业用地为起点或终点时，CUE变化方向的不确定性及幅度的变异性均增加。植被类型变化导致的CUE变化主要受到植被、土壤、微生物因子及其交互作用的驱动，指示CUE的指标、采样季节和土层也会一定程度上影响CUE的变化。今后相关研究应采用直接的CUE测定方法，拓宽研究气候区及植被变化类型，关注植被变化过程中CUE变化的土层差异及动态监测，深入对植被类型变化导致的生态环境因子变化与CUE的关系及作用机制的研究。     

MCF—7细胞在亚多层中细胞膜极性的变化

Sub-multilayer of MCF-7 cell, an established human breast carcinoma cell line, was achieved by culturing the cells on millipore filters for a long time. The superficial layer cells maintained their membrane polarity features as MCF-7 cells in monolayers did. MAM-6, a human milk fat globule membrane antigen, was polarized distributed in apical domain of 97.5% superficial layer cells revealed by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. Whereas, among the low layer cells, which had no free surface (apical domain) toward the culture medium and did not show morphological polarity features, only 12.9% expressed surface MAM-6 with weak immunoperoxidase staining and random distribution. But the immunostaining for detecting cytoplasmic MAM-6 in low layer cells was stronger than that in superficial layer cells, indicating that the vectorial delivery and insert of MAM-6 carrying glycoprotein to the plasma membrane seemed to be stopped or declined and became undirectional in the later situation. The study demonstrates that an asymmetric spatial environment, which is composed of a liquid phase space and a solid phase space, is crucial for the establishment of epithelial membrane polarity of MCF-7 cells.     

The RAF family：an expanding network of post—traslational controls and protein—protein interactions

Protein kinase RAF is strategically located in the “Ras-MAP-kinase signal transduction pathway“,a principle system which transmits signals from growth factor receptors to the nucleus,resulting in cell proliferation.Growth factor responses are mediated in part by activation of Ras,which in turn activates RAF to phosphorylate MEK,its downstream substrate.MEK activates MAPkinase to in fluence nuclear events.it is clear.however,that a network of signals other than those carred by Ras plays a role in RAF regulation.These orthogonal influences are mediated bu:serine/threonine kinases,tyrosine kinases,and protein-protein interactions.As a further complication to the RAF network,three isoforms of RAF have been established which have divergent N-terminal regulatory domains,Whereas these divergent regulatory domains implicate isoform-specific functions,no clear evidence or hypothesis for distinct functions for individual isoforms has been presented.Recently,“isoform-specific protein interactions“have been identified among numerous proteins interacting with RAF,These studies may serve to delineate independent functions for RAF isoforms.     

外周伤害性刺激诱导大鼠脑干内延髓网状背侧亚核传入投入神经元的c—fos表达

用荧光金逆行追踪和FOS荧光免疫组织化学染色相结合的方法对外周伤害性刺激下大鼠脑干内向延髓网状背侧亚核传入投射的神经元中c-fos的表达进行了研究，在麻醉状况下将0.15μl2%荧光金注入大鼠单侧延髓网状背侧亚核，存活5d后用1％福尔马林刺激同侧前爪、后爪和口周，2h后灌注取材，再行FOS免疫荧光标记。结果发现在脑的中脑导水管周围灰质、中缝背核、线形核和中缝大核内观察到荧光金记细胞、FOS样免疫阳性反应细胞及荧光金／FOS双标细胞。在这四个核团中，双标细胞数分别占荧光金逆标神经元数的25％（中脑导水管周围灰质）、11.7%（中缝背核）、8.9%（线形核）和12.1%（中缝大核）。结果提示在脑干向延髓网状背侧亚核投射的神经元中，有一部分与外周伤害性刺激信息的调控有关，还有的神经元可能具有其它的功能。