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141.
Yuan Wen Jamie L. Schuler Shirong Liu Pu Mou Hui Wang Haolong Yu Jingxin Wang 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2016,9(1):20
Aims Slash removal is a common practice to prepare recently harvested sites for replanting. However, little is known about its impact on soil carbon (C) dynamics in subtropical plantations. This study evaluates the effects of burning versus manual slash removal site preparation treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil respiration and soil microbial community structure in a Pinus massoniana plantation in southern China.Methods Three areas within a mature P. massoniana plantation were clearcut. Two months following harvesting, slash on one-half of each area was burned (BURN), whereas slash was manually removed (MANR) on the other portion. Slash removal treatments were also compared with adjacent uncut plantation areas (UNCUT). Soil samples, and soil respiration measurements were used to characterize soil properties and microbial communities following slash removal treatments. Important findings Mean soil respiration rates from the MANR and BURN treatments were 26% and 17% lower, respectively, than the UNCUT treatment over 1 year. The MANR and BURN treatment resulted in soils with 27% and 9% reduction in total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and 18% and 10% reduction in bacterial PLFAs, respectively, compared with the UNCUT treatment. However, no significant differences existed between slash removal treatments with respect to soil chemical properties, SOC chemical compositions, soil respiration and microbial communities; although PLFA patterns were notably different for the burned plots. Most factors affecting C dynamics and microbial communities were not sensitive to the differences imparted to the ecosystem due to manual slash removal or burning. Our results suggested that low-intensity burning after clear-cutting might have no significant effect on soil C pool and its dynamics compared with manual slash removal in subtropical plantations. 相似文献
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143.
Yuecun Ma Biao Zhu Zhenzhong Sun Chuang Zhao Yan Yang Shilong Piao 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2014,7(3):240
Aims Nitrogen (N) addition could affect the rate of forest litter and soil organic matter decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activity (EEA). The impact of N addition on EEA may differ across different age stands with different organic matter quality. We were interested in whether the impact of N addition on EEA in litter and mineral soil during the growing season was dependent on stand age of a larch plantation in North China.Methods We added three levels of N (0, 20 and 50kg N ha-1 year-1) in three age stands (11, 20 and 45 years old) of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in North China. We measured potential activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CB), β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and phenol oxidase (PO) in litter (organic horizon) and mineral soil (0–10cm) during the second growing season after N amendment. We also measured C and N concentrations, microbial biomass C and N, and KCl-extractable ammonium and nitrate in both litter and mineral soil.Important findings We observed unimodal patterns of EEA during the growing season in all three stands, consistent with the seasonal variations of soil temperature. Stand age had a strong effect on EEA in both litter and mineral soil, and this effect differed between litter and mineral soil as well as between different enzymes. N addition did not significantly affect the activities of BG or CB but significantly suppressed the activity of NAG in litter. We also found stand age-specific responses of PO activity to N addition in both litter and mineral soil. N addition suppressed PO activity of the high C:N ratio litters in 20- and 45-year-old stands but had no significant effect on PO activity of the low C:N ratio litter in 11-year-old stand. Moreover, N addition inhibited PO activity of the high C:N ratio soil in 20-year-old stand but had no significant impact on PO activity of the low C:N ratio soils in 11- and 45-year-old stands. Overall, stand age had a greater effect on EEA in litter and mineral soil compared to 2 years of N addition. Moreover, the effect of N addition on PO activity is stand age dependent, which may affect the long-term soil carbon storage in this forest. 相似文献
144.
杜仲是我国南方红壤丘陵区重要的水土保持经济树种,为了阐明人工杜仲林地表径流和土壤侵蚀的特征及其与降雨特征的关系,2002-2005年在典型的杜仲人工林设置径流小区,进行定位观测,结果表明:1)观测期间,研究区主要以降雨量(R)<25 mm、降雨强度(I)<5 mm·h-1的降雨为主;2)降雨量(R)、降雨量与降雨强度的乘积(R·I)、降雨侵蚀力(R30)与土壤侵蚀量和径流均表现出极显著的线性相关关系;在对特定的降雨条件下的坡面侵蚀进行预测的时候,用R30进行预测比用R·I更接近通用土壤流失方程降雨影响因子的内涵;3)对杜仲人工林径流深(Rd)与降雨侵蚀力(R30)的乘积(Rd·R30)与土壤侵蚀量进行拟合,结果表明,二者达到极显著线性相关性(r=0.685,P<0.01),比单一用径流进行坡面侵蚀预测更符合水蚀产沙过程. 相似文献
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148.
The importance of pre-thicket conifer plantations for nesting Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in Ireland
MARK W. WILSON SANDRA IRWIN DAVID W. NORRISS STEPHEN F. NEWTON KEVIN COLLINS THOMAS C. KELLY & JOHN O'HALLORAN 《Ibis》2009,151(2):332-343
Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus are threatened across much of their range and their conservation requires appropriate habitat management. The locations of 148 Hen Harrier nests found in the Republic of Ireland during national breeding surveys in 2000 and 2005 were used to assess nest-site selection. The distribution of these nests was compared to distributions of randomly located points to investigate selection at the scale of the nest-site and landscape. The main nesting habitats selected were pre-thicket stage of first and, particularly, second rotation plantations, mostly of exotic conifers. There was no evidence that the area of post-closure plantations negatively affected Hen Harrier nest distribution. There was a positive correlation across study areas between changes in numbers of Hen Harrier nests between 2000 and 2005 and changes in the area of pre-thicket second rotation plantations over the same period. The overall effect of plantation forests on breeding Hen Harriers in Ireland therefore appears to be positive. However, this study did not consider the effects of plantation habitats on breeding success. Improved grassland was strongly avoided as a nesting habitat. Furthermore, after controlling for the influence of nesting habitat on nest location, landscapes with a high percentage cover of improved grassland were also avoided. Further agricultural intensification of grassland in areas where Hen Harriers breed is likely to have a negative impact on this species. These results are required for the development of management strategies for the conservation of this species. 相似文献
149.
Biological legacies are organic structures and patterns remaining after a disturbance that may contribute to the complexity
of the recovering vegetation. Legacies may, in turn, reduce the impacts of human disturbances such as logging and habitat
transformation on elements of biodiversity. To examine the effects of biological legacies on biotic responses after disturbance,
we surveyed 32 sites for bryophytes in an area subject to large-scale conversion of native eucalypt forest to exotic Pinus radiata D. Don plantations in eastern Australia. We sampled bryophyte and substrate diversity (log, bare ground, upturned tree/log,
and trees) in eight sites in each of four landscape context classes: pine plantation stands, elliptical-shaped remnants, strip-shaped
remnants, and controls in a large area of contiguous, unmanaged eucalypt forest. We found a muted response by individual species
of bryophyte to landscape context. We attribute this, in part, to the presence of logs in the intensively managed pine plantation
sites. The boost in bryophyte diversity from species on logs meant that some pine sites supported similar species composition
to the continuous eucalypt forest controls. Our findings also underline the importance of local controls and structural variation,
including leaving logs and native trees in plantations, for enhancing bryophyte species richness in managed landscapes. 相似文献
150.
根据对福建福安的3种不同茶园(天香有机茶园、北门高山茶园和溪柄平地茶园)的节肢动物群落消长动态调查。并经多样性分析,结果获知:福安3种茶园节肢动物群落的物种丰富度(s)和多样性指数(H)的大小顺序依次为:天香(S=19.64,H=2.537)〉北门(S=18.01,H=2.502)〉溪柄(S=17.59,H=2.297);而均匀度指数的大小顺序是:北门(J=0.621)〉天香(J=0.595)〉溪柄(J=0.559)。表明植被比较丰富、人为干扰较少的茶园,节肢动物群落的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数较高,害、益虫群落易于保持较好的平衡状态,有利于减少(或不使用)化学农药、发展绿色无公害茶叶生产。 相似文献