大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂同步化诱导与中期染色体分离

本研究以大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍｓａｔｉｖｕｍ）根尖为材料,用ＨＵ－ＡＰＭ双阻断法对细胞有丝分裂中期同步化和前,后,末期部分同步化作了探讨。表明在１．２５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨＵ,４μｍｏｌ／ＡＰＭ处理可使细胞有丝分裂中期指数（Ｍｅｔ．Ｉ）达３５％,１８ｈｒ的ＨＵ单独处理可检测到２７％的前期分裂细胞,ＨＵ对后,末期的部分同步化也有明显作用,约有１７％的后,末期细胞被检测,用Ｓｃｈｕｂｅｒｔ介绍的方法,分离出中期     

LaCl3对水稻幼苗生长 两种酶的活性及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

用不同浓度的LaCl3处理水稻种子,结果表明,当LaCl3浓度在0.1～1.0 mg/L时可提高发芽率,促进幼苗生长、根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显上升,过氧化物酶和吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性下降。但随LaCl3浓度提高,则抑制幼苗生长,细胞有丝分裂减缓,两种酶活性均增加。且随浓度提高,其作用效果急剧加大。     

家猪减数分裂粗线期二价体与有丝分裂中期染色体的比较研究

以性成熟公猪睾丸和外周血为材料,采用长低渗、高氯仿卡诺固定液固定和外周血细胞培养制备减数分裂粗线期二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体,通过对二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体分裂指数和长度的比较研究,发现二价体的分裂指数和长度分别是有丝分裂中期染色体的5倍和3．42倍（1．87～5．98）;同时以12号染色体为例,比较了二价体上的染色粒结构带与有丝分裂中期染色体G－带,表明染色粒结构带比中期染色体G－带纹丰富,而与早中期G－带带织吻合。     

A Long Type of TBCK Is a Novel Cytoplasmic and Mitotic Apparatus-Associated Protein Likely Suppressing Cell Proliferation简

Autoantibodies from patients with various connective tissue diseases have been shown to be specific probes that can detect cellular structures, including centrosome, centromere/kineto- chore, spliceosome, Golgi complex and the rough endoplasmic reticulum （Louvard et al., 1982; Rattner et al., 1998;     

多头绒泡菌有丝分裂后细胞核重建过程的形态学研究

以进行自然同步核内有丝分裂的多头绒泡菌(Physarum polycephalum)原生质团为材料,应用常规制片和整体银染后制片的电镜技术研究了有丝分裂后细胞核的形态构建过程。形成新核仁的前体物质在有丝分裂中期时散在染色体区域的周围,末期时与染色体组一起到达两极。子细胞核刚形成时核仁物质与染色质混合,以后核仁物质相互汇合并同染色质逐渐分开,最后形成一个大核仁。染色质在有丝分裂后期开始解集缩,到两极后在新形成的子核中进一步松解。染色质在充分松解后又开始集缩活动,形成一些集缩比较紧密的染色质小块。随着细胞核的进一步发育在核膜和核仁之间形成许多大小不等,形状不规则的染色质团块。     

中等纤维在几种人体上皮细胞有丝分裂过程中的行为

By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, we studied the behavior of intermediate filaments during mitosis in three human epithelial cell lines, derived from normal epidermis (PcaSE-1, from a cancer patient), stratified epithelium (CNE, from nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and simple epithelium (SPC-A-1 from lung adenocarcinoma) respectively. CNE cells and SPC-A-1 cells express two different intermediate filament systems; keratin filaments and vimentin filaments, but PcaSE-1 cells only express keratin filaments. The keratin filament system in PcaSE-1 cells remained intact and encircled the developing mitotic spindle as the cells entered mitosis. In contrast, in CNE cells and SPC-A-1 cells, keratin filaments appeared to disassemble into amorphous cytoplasmic bodies during mitosis. However, their vimentin filaments remained morphologically intact throughout mitosis. We propose; (1) The disassembly of keratin filaments in mitotic epithelial cells is more or less associated with the degree of their cell malignancy rather than with the abundance of keratin filaments in interphase. (2) Intermediate filaments may be involved in the positioning and/or centering of the spindle during mitosis. (3) The possible function of vimentin filament system in CNE cells is positioning and orientation of chromosomes.     

黄蝉花生殖细胞有丝分裂期间微管的动态

用微管免疫荧光方法观察了黄蝉花生殖细胞在花粉管中进行有丝分裂时的微管动态。微管在不同分裂期的分布情形很不一样。当生殖细胞由花粉进入花粉管后,细胞便立刻开始分裂进入早前期,在这阶段微管以一个紧密微管网笼子形式存在生殖细胞内。之后,细胞进入中前期,在此阶段细胞核扩大,染色体变粗,而存在细胞内的微管网逐渐变为疏松散漫状,跟着细胞进入晚前期,而微管笼子则由网状变为纵向排列状。分裂进入早中期微管变细并呈波浪状,微管由笼子结构过渡到纺锤体结构。进入中期,纺锤体全部形成,在纺锤体内可以清楚地看到两种不同类型的微管束,一种附着在染色体上,而另一种则从一极延伸至另一极。跟着细胞进入早后期,在这一阶段姊妹染色体分开并分别移向两极,在赤道板位置微管明显减少。之后,细胞进入晚后期,姊妹染色体集中在两极,极端有新微管出现。在两个染色体团之间又汇集了许多类似成膜体微管的微管。细胞进入分裂末期,存在赤道板位置的微管又再次减少,而在中央部位则新形成一“成膜体联接区”,把两个新形成的精子连接着。     

Studies on the mitogenic effect of transferrin by membrane signal transduction

One of the earliest events leading to cell activation and growth is the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids producing various membrane signals induced by an interaction between growth factors or hormones with their respective receptors on the cell membrane [1].To demonstrate the mitogenic action of transferrin,our results show that an addition of transferrin to “serum-deprived” rat hepatoma cells produced a rapid but transient rise in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3) level,and at the same time,an increased intracellular Ca^2 activity and a cytoplasmic alkalinization were observed.These signal transductions further lend support to the mitogenic nature of transferrin.In addition,a possible link between the receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin with the generation of intracellular signals is discussed herewith.     

适宜的低温能有效地积累分裂期细胞

适宜的低温能有效地积累分裂期细胞肖桂芝（河北省承德医学院０６７０００）在植物染色体研究工作中，无论是对染色体计数还是进行染色体组型分析，以及细胞有丝分裂的观察等，均希望有较多的分裂期细胞。但在细胞周期中，分裂期（Ｍ期）持续的时间很短，所以，在通常最适...