有色稻米研究进展

有色稻米是一类特异水稻种质资源,主要由不同色素沉积在水稻种子的种皮内而形成,有色稻米富含蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素和人体必需的矿物质,具有特殊的生理功能,而且有色稻米种皮内的色素可作为安全的天然色素用做食品添加剂.其中最为常见的是红色稻米与紫色稻米.水稻红色种皮是由于其种皮内含有原花色素所致,该性状受Rc/rc和Rd/rd 2对基因控制,红色为显性,白色为隐性.RcRd表现红色,Rcrd表现褐色,rcRd和rcrd则呈现白色.Rc已被定位于水稻第7染色体上,而Rd则位于第1染色体上.前人研究表明,Rc基因编码一个典型的含bHLH结构的Myc类转录因子,其第6外显子内一个14bp片段的缺失致使种皮颜色由原先的红色变为白色.水稻紫色种皮是由于其种皮内沉积花色素苷所致.该性状由基因Pb与其互补基因Pa共同作用导致.当Pa基因单独存在时,种皮呈白色;当Pb基因单独存在时,种皮呈棕色;当P6基因和Pa同时存在时,种皮呈紫色.P6基因已被定位于水稻第4染色体上,而Pa基因则位于第1染色体上.     

Characterization of ammonium and methylamine transport systems in phototrophic sulfur bacteria

Abstract Transport of ammonium and methylamine into the cells of green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola and purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina is carried out by a common transport system. This system has (for C. limicola and T. roseopersicina , respectively) pH optimum 7.0 and 7.5; V _max 0.6 and 4.2 nmol min⁻¹ (mg protein)⁻¹; K_m 5.9 × 10⁻⁵ M and 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ M, and is capable of forming 120- and 600-fold methylamine gradients. The methylamine transport can be energized by the artificially imposed transmembrane K⁺ diffusive potential and is inhibited by tetraphenylphosphonium or valinomycin and K⁺. The data presented indicate that methylamine transport in both studied species is exclusively driven by the membrane potential gradient (ΔΨ).     

环境对沼泽红假单胞菌基因型的影响

<正>紫色光合细菌是不产氧光合细菌的一个重要分支,包括紫色非硫细菌和紫色硫细菌。其中紫色非硫细菌具有极其丰富的代谢模式,可进行光能异养、光能自养和化能异养生长,其代谢的多样性使得它们广泛存活于不同的生态系统中,如土壤、湖泊、海洋及底泥等[1-2]。沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)是紫     

不同土壤-南天竹系统的土壤酶活性分异

石灰岩退化生态系统的恢复离不开土壤基质的改善。采用盆栽法,研究了生长在黑色石灰土、紫色土、黄壤3种不同土壤类型中的南天竹土壤酶活性的情况。试验表明:淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶、天门冬酰胺酶的活性均表现出黑色石灰土>紫色土>黄壤,三者之间差异显著(p<0.05)。而脲酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性则是紫色土>黑色石灰土>黄壤,三者之间差异也达到显著水平(p<0.05)。土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的相关分析说明土壤pH和全磷(P)对土壤酶的活性影响不大,而不同土壤类型中的全氮(N)和土壤含水率与部分土壤酶活性呈显著相关。不同土壤类型的土壤酶相关性表现各异。     

紫甘薯花色苷色素的抑菌作用研究

本文研究了紫甘薯花色苷色素抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母和黑曲霉的作用及机理。结果表明：紫甘薯花色苷色素对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用, 并与其浓度呈正相关, 而对啤酒酵母和黑曲霉无抑制作用。透射电镜观察和大肠杆菌生长曲线表明, 该色素的抑菌作用可能是通过增强细胞膜的通透性, 使细胞异常生长, 抑制对数生长期的细胞分裂, 使细胞质稀薄、细胞解体。SDS-PAGE 分析表明, 紫甘薯花色苷对大肠杆菌蛋白表达影响不明显, 未见特征性条带的消失, 仅对部分蛋白质合成量有影响。     

Spectral diffusion of the lowest exciton component in the core complex from Rhodopseudomonas palustris studied by single-molecule spectroscopy

We have recorded fluorescence-excitation spectra from individual RC–LH1 complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The spectra feature a few broad bands accompanied by a sharp line at the low-energy side of the spectrum which is ascribed to the lowest exciton state of the BChl a assembly. Recording several fluorescence-excitation spectra from the same individual complex in rapid succession reveals that the linewidth of the lowest exciton transition is determined by spectral diffusion which increases for higher excitation energies.     

紫细菌光合机构及光合作用基因的表达调控

紫细菌是研究细菌光合作用的重要生物.介绍了紫细菌光合机构捕光色素蛋白复合体Ⅰ(light-harvestingⅠ)、捕光色素蛋白复合体Ⅱ(1ight-harvesting Ⅱ)和光化学反应中心(reaction center)的结构,并探讨了其光合作用基因的转录调控机制,重点阐述了PpsR/AppA系统对紫细菌光合作用基因的转录调控.     

紫甘薯花色苷色素的抑菌作用研究

本文研究了紫甘薯花色苷色素抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母和黑曲霉的作用及机理.结果表明:紫甘薯花色苷色素对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,并与其浓度呈正相关,而对啤酒酵母和黑曲霉无抑制作用.透射电镜观察和大肠杆菌生长曲线表明,该色素的抑菌作用可能是通过增强细胞膜的通透性,使细胞异常生长,抑制对数生长期的细胞分裂,使细胞质稀薄、细胞解体.SDS-PAGE分析表明,紫甘薯花色苷对大肠杆菌蛋白表达影响不明显,未见特征性条带的消失,仅对部分蛋白质合成量有影响.     

Dynamics of hydration water in deuterated purple membranes explored by neutron scattering

The function and dynamics of proteins depend on their direct environment, and much evidence has pointed to a strong coupling between water and protein motions. Recently however, neutron scattering measurements on deuterated and natural-abundance purple membrane (PM), hydrated in H(2)O and D(2)O, respectively, revealed that membrane and water motions on the ns-ps time scale are not directly coupled below 260 K (Wood et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:18049-18054, 2007). In the initial study, samples with a high level of hydration were measured. Here, we have measured the dynamics of PM and water separately, at a low-hydration level corresponding to the first layer of hydration water only. As in the case of the higher hydration samples previously studied, the dynamics of PM and water display different temperature dependencies, with a transition in the hydration water at 200 K not triggering a transition in the membrane at the same temperature. Furthermore, neutron diffraction experiments were carried out to monitor the lamellar spacing of a flash-cooled deuterated PM stack hydrated in H(2)O as a function of temperature. At 200 K, a sudden decrease in lamellar spacing indicated the onset of long-range translational water diffusion in the second hydration layer as has already been observed on flash-cooled natural-abundance PM stacks hydrated in D(2)O (Weik et al. in J Mol Biol 275:632-634, 2005), excluding thus a notable isotope effect. Our results reinforce the notion that membrane-protein dynamics may be less strongly coupled to hydration water motions than the dynamics of soluble proteins.