剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中的诊断价值

目的:探讨剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中的诊断价值。方法:收集2012年3月-2013年6月于我院收治的乳腺实性病变患者54例,共65个病灶,先后给予乳腺二维超声检查与剪切波弹性成像检查,采用弹性模量值与钼靶BI-RADS分级方法诊断,比较两种方法诊断的准确性。结果:良性病灶组弹性最小、最大值以及平均值、标准差与恶性病灶组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,在乳腺实性病变良恶性的鉴别中,弹性最大值明显优于平弹性均值;剪切波弹性成像对乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于二维超声技术(P0.05)。结论:剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中具有良好的诊断价值,能够提高诊断的准确性。     

白豆杉的化学成分分析

白豆杉（ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉ）为我国特有植物,属于红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ）白豆杉属（ｐｓｅｕ－ｄｏｔａｘｕｓ）．本文对白豆杉树皮的化学成分以及就该种植物中是否含有紫杉醇（Ｔａｘｏｌ）进行分析研究．并从石油醚提取物中已鉴定出２个化合物,为铁杉树脂醇（Ｔｓｕｇａｌａｃｔｏｎｅ）和１．１．３－三苯基丙烷（１．１．３－ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｐｒｏｐａｎｅ）     

应用双色荧光原位杂交技术检测克氏综合征

探讨用双色荧光原位杂交技术（dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization,D-FISH）检测性染色体数目异常克氏综合征的应用价值,建立常规分裂期染色体和间期细胞FISH技术的实验方法。以Biotin标记的X染色体α-卫星DNA（pBamX7）探针和以Digoxigenin标记的Y染色体长臂末端重复序列（pY3.4）探针对19例克氏综合征标本同时进行外周血染色体及其间期细胞核的原位杂交,分别用Avidin-FITC和Rhodamine-FITC及其Anti-avidin进行信号的检测与放大,DAPI复染。于Olympus AX-70型荧光显微镜下,分别通过WIB、WIG及其WU滤光镜观察杂交信号及其染色体或间期核背景,并统计外周血中期染色体及其间期细胞核的杂交信号颗粒数量。在显微镜下可见以Biotin标记的pBamX7探针显示2个绿色杂交信号,以Digoxigenin标记的pY3.4探针显示1个红色杂交信号,染色体或间期核背景经DAPI复染显示蓝色;18例出现XXY杂交信号的细胞,染色体及其间期细胞核杂交平均出现率分别为95.89%和95%,明显大于正常对照标准值2.75%,证实核型为47,XXY,与染色体检测的结果一致;其余1例染色体核型检测为嵌合体,XXY杂交信号细胞出现率为92%,同时检出6.7%的XY杂交信号细胞（>正常对照标准值4.17%）。用FISH 技术检测性染色体数目异常克氏综合征具有快速、敏感度高、信号强、背景低、多色等优点,故FISH 技术在产前诊断检测领域中显示其重要的应用价值和发展前景。 Abstract:The objective of the work is to study the technique of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(D-FISH) and its application value in the diagnosis of sex chromosomal count abnormality Klinefelter syndrome and establish an experimental approach to metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus FISH technique.Biotin labeled alpha satellite X-chromosome DNA(pBamX7) probe and Digoxigenin labeled Y-chromosome long arm terminal repetitive sequence (pY3.4) probe were hybridized with pre-treated slides of peripheral blood chromosome and interphase nucleus in 19 cases of Klinefelter syndrome specimens.After being washed,the slides were treated with Avidin-FITC,Rhodamine-FITC and Anti-avidin,amplified with an additional layer and counter-stained with DAPI in an antifade solution.The hybridization signals,chromosomal or interphase nucleus settings were observed respectively with WIB,WIG and WU filters under fluorescence microscope Olympus AX-70,and the number of metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus in the peripheral blood was counted.It was observed under the microscope that the Biotin labeled pBamX7 probe showed 2 green hybridization signals and that the Digoxigenin labeled pY3.4 probe showed 1 red hybridization signal.Chromosome or interphase nucleus counter-stained with DAPI showed blue.The average signal rate of chromosome and interphase nucleus hybridization was 95.89% and 95% respectively,significantly higher than the normal control (2.75%).Karyotype 47,XXY was confirmed,which agrees with the chromosomal findings.One case showed mosaic nuclei.XXY chromosome hybridization signal rate was 92% and XY hybridization signal rate was 6.7%,higher than the normal control rate of 4.17%.FISH is a valuable technique in diagnosing sex chromosomal count abnormality Klinefelter syndrome with the merits of fast speed,high sensitivity,strong signal,low background and multiple color.Therefore,FISH technique can find wide application and potential in prenatal diagnosis.     

Leroy Hood率领的系统生物学团队

以DNA测序仪的肝发而知铙的Leroy Hood先生于2000年设立了Institute for Systems Biology。网罗生物学、工学、计算机等不同领域的研究人员140人，挑战系统生物学新领域。“为实现新创意而建立的崭新的组织”（Hood先生）的现状追踪。[编者按]     

妊娠早期产前诊断的研究 Ⅰ.绒毛细胞直接制备染色体

通过绒毛活体取样,进行孕早期产前诊断已成为遗传疾病预防的一个新的方向。 绒毛滋养层细胞是受精卵有丝分裂的衍生物,它准确地反映了胎儿的遗传特性。妊娠早期的绒毛有较高的有丝分裂活性,这些特点为用直接法制备胎儿染色体、在孕早期检出染色体异常胎儿提供了有利条件,