Acetylation control of metabolic enzymes in cancer： an updated version

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the critical features in cancer. Tumor cells preferentially utilize glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of oxygen, namely ＇Warburg Effect＇. Recent studies have provided new insights into the Warburg effect, elucidating metabol- ic-dependent and independent mechanisms of metabolic enzymes regulated by post-translational modifications and providing further evidence for the critical role of these tricks in cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of particu- lar interest, we summarized the latest advances in both the metabolic and the non-metabolic functions of metabolic enzymes via the acetylation regulation in the Warburg effect. In addition, their potential roles in cancer metabol- ism therapy will also be briefly discussed.     

siRNA targeting stathmin inhibits invasion and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of stem cells derived from glioma cell lines

Glioma is one of the most highly angiogenic tumors, and glioma stem cells （GSCs） are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as recurrence after operation. Stathmin is substantial for mitosis and plays an important role in proliferation and migration of glioma-derived endothelial cells. However, the relationship between stathmin and GSCs is incompletely understood. Here we isolated GSCs from glioma cell lines U87MG and U251, and then used siRNA targeting stathmin for silen- cing. We showed that silencing of stathmin suppressed the proliferation, increased the apoptosis rate, and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase in GSCs. Silencing of stathmin in GSCs also resulted in inhibited the migration/invasion as well as the capability of vasculogenic mimicry. The suscep- tibUity of GSCs to temozolomide was also enhanced by stathmin silencing. Our findings suggest stathmin as a po- tential target in GSCs for glioma treatment.     

Role ofthe IncRNA-p53 regulatory network in cancer

Advances in functional genomics have led to discovery of a large group of previous uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）. Emerging evidence indicates that IncRNAs may serve as master gene regulators through various mechanisms. Dysregulation of IncRNAs is often associated with a variety of human diseases including cancer. Of significant interest, recent studies suggest that IncRNAs participate in the p53 tumor suppressor regulatory network. In this review, we discuss how IncRNAs serve as p53 regulators or p53 effectors. Further characterization of these p53-associated IncRNAs in cancer will provide a better understanding of lncRNA- mediated gene regulation in the p53 pathway. As a result, IncRNAs may prove to be valuable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or poten- tial targets for cancer therapy.     

《自然-通讯》:研究用冷冻睾丸组织培育出小鼠后代

<正>近期出版的英国《自然-通讯》中,报道了日本科学家首次使用超低温保存的睾丸组织,培育出了活的小鼠后代。这项成果表明,超低温保存睾丸组织可能是一种现实的、保存生育能力的重要措施。据该论文描述,不孕不育可以是某些癌症治疗的不良反应之一。而随着儿童癌症治愈率的增加,保存生育能力已经成为病人及其家属很关心的一个问题。由于精液冷冻保存仅适用于青春期发育后的病人,更加年轻的患者需要其他的替代措施。     

miRNAs生物合成过程的调控

miRNAs是一类短的(20-23nt)非编码的单链RNA分子,在转录后水平上通过抑制靶基因的表达而影响生物体的生长、发育以及癌症发生。miRNAs的成熟需要一系列大型蛋白复合体参与的协同加工,目前对miRNAs生物合成过程调控的研究还处于初始阶段。本文主要综述了影响miRNAs的生物合成过程及活性的因素以及相关调控机制。癌症的发生通常伴随着异常的miRNAs表达谱,miRNAs生物合成调控机制的深入研究必将为癌症的基因治疗技术以及新型疗法的开发提供重要的理论基础和指导意义。     

棕榈酸促进肝癌细胞侵袭转移的分子机制

目的:探讨棕榈酸(Palmiticacid,PA)对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721侵袭转移能力的影响,并通过检测肝癌细胞系中CD147-MMPs信号通路在PA影响下的变化,初探PA影响肝癌细胞侵袭转移的分子机制。方法:PA(0、20、50、100μM)作用SMMC-7721细胞后(8、16、24h),MTT法检测细胞增殖,划痕及Transwell实验评价细胞迁移侵袭能力,Western-blot及real-time PCR检测CD147蛋白及其mRNA的水平,ELISA检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2,MMP-9)的水平。结果:与对照组相比,PA作用SMMC-7721细胞后,细胞存活率无显著差异(P0.05);细胞迁移和侵袭能力显著增高(P0.05);CD147蛋白及其mRNA的表达显著增高(P0.05);培养上清中MMP-9的浓度显著增高(P0.05),MMP-2的水平则无变化。不同的梯度组之间相比较,细胞迁移和侵袭能力、CD147的表达水平(蛋白及其mRNA)以及培养上清中MMP-9的浓度均随PA作用时间和作用剂量的增大而产生更显著的增高。结论:PA通过活化CD147-MMPs信号通路促进SMMC-7721细胞的迁移侵袭。     

科研快讯

<正>Immunity:新型蛋白质或可增强机体感知病毒及抑制其感染的能力近日,来自匹兹堡大学癌症研究所的研究人员通过研究发现,增强细胞中一种天然蛋白质的含量就可以增强机体感知以及抑制病毒感染的能力,相关研究成果刊登于国际著名杂志Immunity上,该研究或为开发治疗包括流感病毒到丙肝病毒感染的一系列病毒感染的疗法提供希望。Saumendra N.Sarkar博士说,尽管近些年来我们在疫苗和新型疗法的开发上取得了巨大进步,但是由于病毒感染引发的疾病仍然是引发全世界人群死亡的一个主要原因;我们需要新型的病毒感染抵御措施,而本文研究就恰恰为开发新型抗病毒感染疗法提供了思路。研究者表示,一种     

Ｗnt信号途径生物学活性研究概述

Ｗnt信号途径是细胞发育和调节生长的一个关键途径。通过与果蝇Ｗingless同源的Wnt基因编码Ｗnt蛋白,与膜上相应受体接合引起一系列相关蛋白反应,最终会激活ＭＹＣ基因,在正常情况下对胚胎的发育和成人的部分组织形成和功能发挥起着重要作用,当该途径异常时,会导致癌症的发生。     

地塞米松对HepG2细胞分泌载脂蛋白的影响

以培养的人肝癌细胞系HepG2为研究对象,采用“冻干浓缩培养液载脂蛋白测定法”,考察了地塞米松对HepG2细胞载脂蛋白(apolipoprotein,apo)AⅠ、AⅡ、CⅢ、B100及E分泌的影响.结果表明：地塞米松对HepG2细胞apoAⅠ和apoE的分泌有促进作用,对apoAⅡ、apoB100和apoCⅢ的分泌有抑制作用,且这种作用随地塞米松浓度的增加而增强.当培养液中地塞米松的浓度为5.5×10^－5mol/L时,apoAⅠ和apoE的分泌分别增加36.6%和49.4%（P＜0.01）,apoAⅡ、apoB100和apoCⅢ的分泌分别减少38.9%、31.9%和29.8%（P＜0.01）.