新疆一枝蒿的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称 新疆一枝蒿（Artemisia rupestris L．）,别名岩蒿。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 种子萌发培养基：（1）MS。芽增殖培养基：（2）MS＋NAA0．05mg·L^-1（单位下同）;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．05;（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．05;（5）MS＋6一BA1．5＋NAA0．05;（6）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．05。     

铁皮石斛茎段诱导丛生芽的研究

以铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.的茎段作外植体,比较不同的培养基、激素等因素对茎段分化丛生芽的影响,以及不同浓度的香蕉汁和活性炭对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：1／2MS较好,BA作用优于KT、ZT,最适浓度为2．0mg/L;丛生芽培养于1／2MS 10％香蕉汁 0．5％AC的培养基上,生根效果最好。     

罗马尼亚特提斯区的早白垩世粗枝藻化石(英文)

本文对藻类 Seloporella属的系统分类进行了评论。根据 Barattolo等人 ,1992年对该属的评论 ,结合对产自罗马尼亚阿朴塞尼山区 ( Apuseni Mountains) ,早白垩世的 Triploporella neocomiensis Radoicˇ ic′及与己发表的资料进行了对比研究 ,提出了 Seliporella neocomiensis的新组合 ,同时与该化石组合形态非常相似的“Diplopora”john-soni Praturlon,1964进行了对比     

多枝柽柳气体交换特性研究

在美国柽柳（Tamarix L.）被列为臭名昭著的十大我来杂草之一,而在中国,它则作为一种濒危物种生存状况堪忧。对多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima L bd.）气体交换进行研究,探讨其蒸汽压差（VPD）、叶水势、气孔导度（g）和水分利用效率（WUE）之间的联系,结果表明,柽柳之所以能在沙漠生存又能在美国河岸地带疯狂扩展,主要原因可能是：①柽柳属地下水湿生植物,发达的根系能直达地下水。②柽柳适应性生境很广,作为一种阳性树种,柽柳非常耐旱,能够在很低的叶水势（φ）条件下（-4.59Mpa）进行光合作用,而较低的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率又反映出其耐阴湿的特点。③灵敏的气孔适应性调整：其g对VPD的灵敏性随着干湿季其体内的水分状况变化而变化,调整蒸腾速率,从而影响其WUE;gs与φ成显著正相关（P≤0.05）;gs与WUE显著相关（P≤0.05）,但只有当gs处于正在下降的时候,光合作用和蒸腾作用两个交换过程受轻微限制时,可得到水消耗和CO2吸收的最优协调,WUE达到最大值。这些适应性调整可能是柽柳能在美国河岸地带疯狂扩展的主要原因。实验结果表明,柽柳完全能够适应荒漠生长环境,因而导致柽柳在我国处于濒危状况的根本原因不是传统认为的干旱的自然环境,而主要是人为因素造成地下水位下降以及过度砍伐所致。     

ZT和2iP对3个南方高丛蓝浆果优选系丛生枝增殖及生长的影响

研究了不同质量浓度ZT和2iP对南方高丛蓝浆果(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids)优选系A47、A119和A167丛生枝的增殖倍数、质量、含水量和长度的影响.结果表明,在0.5～3.0 mg·L~(-1)质量浓度范围内,随ZT质量浓度提高,3个优选系丛生枝的总增殖倍数、有效增殖倍数、鲜质量、干质量、含水量及总长度均呈增加趋势,而平均长度则呈下降趋势.在2.5～15.0 mg·L~(-1)质量浓度范围内,随2iP质量浓度提高,3个优选系丛生枝的总增殖倍数和含水量先增加后下降,在2iP质量浓度为5.0～10.0 mg·L~(-1)时达到峰值;有效增殖倍数、总长度和平均长度一直呈下降趋势;鲜质量和干质量无明显的变化规律.在改良WPM培养基中添加2.0～3.0 mg·L~(-1) ZT或5.0～10.0 mg·L~(-1) 2iP可使3个南方高丛蓝浆果优选系丛生枝有较高的增殖倍数,而添加0.5～1.0 mg·L~(-1) ZT或2.5 mg·L~(-1) 2iP可使丛生枝生长较好.此外,优选系A47和A167丛生枝的增殖倍数显著高于优选系A119.     

共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应

以全根系挖掘法,对共生于原始盐生荒漠生境中的多枝柽柳[Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb.)]、梭梭[Haloxylon ammodendron(C. A. Mey.)Bunge]、琵琶柴[Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim.]的根系分布特征进行了研究;对降水引发的湿润-干旱周期中植物同化枝水势、蒸腾速率的变化过程进行了跟踪观测,并据此计算3种植物的水分胁迫效应指数和土壤-植物系统导水度,以最终确定3种植物用水策略和其对降水的响应特征.研究结果表明,多枝柽柳的吸收根系分布范围从地下50cm到310cm,单株平均总吸收根表面积为30249.2cm2;梭梭的根系分布范围0～250cm,单株平均总吸收根表面积12847.3 cm2;琵琶柴的根系分布范围0～80cm,单株平均总吸收根表面积361.8 cm2.多枝柽柳为深根植物,主要利用地下水和深层土壤水,在降水引发的湿润-干旱周期中,其植物水分生理参数对降水无响应.琵琶柴为浅根植物,对降水响应极为显著.梭梭的根系分布特征介于多枝柽柳和琵琶柴之间,对地下水和降水都有利用,对降水响应显著.3种荒漠灌木对降水的响应差异显然与其根系分布、水分利用策略密切相关,在未来降水发生变化的情景下,根系分布特征的差异将决定着植物在水分资源竞争中的地位.具有较强根系形态可塑性的物种,如梭梭,将具有明显的竞争优势.     

枝孢属4个吉林省新记录种

记录枝孢属(Cladosporium Link)4个吉林省新记录种:连翘枝孢(C. forsytiae Z.Y.Zhanget T.Zhang)、三宅枝孢(C.miyakei Saccardoet Trotter)、柳枝孢(C.salicis Moseszet Smarods)、黑星状枝孢(C.venturicides Saccardo)。文中对这些种分别进行了描述,并附有线条图。标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本室(HMJAU)。     

濒危植物珙桐的组织培养与植株再生

以珙桐冬芽为材料进行组织培养和植株再生研究,结果表明：珙桐冬芽直接诱导丛生芽的最适培养基为WPM+NAA 0.2 mg·L^-1+6-BA 3.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1;珙桐带芽茎段增殖的适宜培养基为WPM+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+GA₃ 2.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1;生根最佳培养基为White+IBA3.0 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+AC 2.0 g·L^-1,在此条件下,根发育良好,植株健壮;组培苗炼苗后移栽,成活率可达80%。     

Distribution of biomass in relation to environments in shrublands of temperate China

Aims Shrubland is one of the most widely distributed vegetation types in northern China. Previous studies on pattern and dynamics of plant biomass have been focused on forest and grassland ecosystems, while relevant knowledge on shrubland ecosystems is lacking. It is important to include shrublands in northern China to improve the accuracy in estimating the terrestrial ecosystem biomass in China.
Methods Based on investigations and samplings from 433 shrubland sites, we explored the distribution and allocation patterns of biomass in relation to climatic and soil nutrient factors of shrublands of temperate China.
Important findings The average shrubland biomass density in northern China is 12.5 t·hm^-2. It decreases significantly from temperate deciduous shrubland in northeast to desert shrubland in northwest. The average biomass density of temperate deciduous shrubland, alpine shrubland, and desert shrubland is 14.4, 28.8, and 5.0 t·hm^-2, respectively. Within temperate deciduous shrublands, plant biomass is lower in North China than in Northeast China. The average aboveground and belowground biomass density of shrub layer is 4.5 and 5.4 t·hm^-2, respectively; while that of grass layer is 0.8 and 1.8 t·hm^-2, respectively. Environmental factors affect biomass allocation across different plant organs. The belowground-aboveground biomass ratio of shrub exhibits no significant changes with environmental variables. The leaf-stem ratio increases with annual precipitation, and leaf biomass is low in arid region.     

Distribution,community characteristics and classification of Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China

Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe is the most typical formation of desert steppe in China. Based on the primary plots data obtained from fieldworks during the growing seasons from 2010 to 2016 as well as some earlier records, we studied the Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe across China systematically, including the eco-geographical distributions, community characteristics and classifications. The results showed that S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe distributed mainly on the Ulan Qab Plateau and western Xilin Gol Plateau. Due to the arid biotope of S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe, quantitative characteristics of the assemblage including height, coverage, biomass and species richness were normally lower than that of most Stipa formations in Eurasian steppe region. Moreover, 165 seed plants belonging to 85 genera and 29 families were recorded in the 80 study sites, in which rare species (occurrence frequency <20%) made up 87% of the total plants while common species and constant species could only be found occasionally. Species with the occurrence frequency exceeding 50% included S. tianschanica var. klemenzii, Convolvulus ammannii, Cleistogenes songorica, Allium tenuissimum. In addition, Hemicryptophyte and therophyte were the two dominant life forms, covering 55% and 20% of the species, respectively. As for the ecological type of water, typical xerophytes accounted for 47% of all species which is followed by super-xerophytes and meso-xerophytes. Middle Asian areal-type and east Palaeo-North areal-type were the two major floristic elements, containing 37% and 26% of the species, respectively. Based on the life forms and dominances of the species within the community, S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China could be classified into 6 association groups, 29 associations.