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101.
Maxine Losoff Rusche H. L. Mogensen Annie Chaboud Jean-Emmanuel Faure Mireille Rougier Paul Keim Christian Dumas 《Sexual plant reproduction》2001,13(4):231-234
We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify and map the position of B chromosomes (supernumerary chromosomes) within
maize sperm cells. Observations on over 1,000 sperm cells from several genotypes show that, on average, the B chromosomes
are positioned in the tip one-fourth of the sperm nucleus two-thirds of the time. In contrast, the centromeres and knobs of
the A chromosomes (the normal set) are not restricted to the tip portion of the nucleus. To our knowledge, this is the first
example of specific chromosome positioning within a plant gamete. Studies on nuclear architecture of somatic cells in both
plants and animals suggest that chromosome behavior and gene expression may correlate with chromosome position within the
nucleus. The functional significance of nonrandom positioning of the B chromosomes within maize sperm is as yet unclear.
Received: 10 May 2000 / Revision accepted: 6 September 2000 相似文献
102.
Rebecca E. Colman James M. Schupp Nathan D. Hicks David E. Smith Jordan L. Buchhagen Faramarz Valafar Valeriu Crudu Elena Romancenco Ecaterina Noroc Lynn Jackson Donald G. Catanzaro Timothy C. Rodwell Antonino Catanzaro Paul Keim David M. Engelthaler 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Undetected and untreated, low-levels of drug resistant (DR) subpopulations in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections may lead to development of DR-tuberculosis, potentially resulting in treatment failure. Current phenotypic DR susceptibility testing has a theoretical potential for 1% sensitivity, is not quantitative, and requires several weeks to complete. The use of “single molecule-overlapping reads” (SMOR) analysis with next generation DNA sequencing for determination of ultra-rare target alleles in complex mixtures provides increased sensitivity over standard DNA sequencing. Ligation free amplicon sequencing with SMOR analysis enables the detection of resistant allele subpopulations at ≥0.1% of the total Mtb population in near real-time analysis. We describe the method using standardized mixtures of DNA from resistant and susceptible Mtb isolates and the assay’s performance for detecting ultra-rare DR subpopulations in DNA extracted directly from clinical sputum samples. SMOR analysis enables rapid near real-time detection and tracking of previously undetectable DR sub-populations in clinical samples allowing for the evaluation of the clinical relevance of low-level DR subpopulations. This will provide insights into interventions aimed at suppressing minor DR subpopulations before they become clinically significant. 相似文献
103.
Carina M. Hall Joseph D. Busch Kenzie Shippy Christopher J. Allender Mirjam Kaestli Mark Mayo Jason W. Sahl James M. Schupp Rebecca E. Colman Paul Keim Bart J. Currie David M. Wagner 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
The global distribution of the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis, is poorly understood. We used established culturing methods developed for B. pseudomallei to isolate Burkholderia species from soil collected at 18 sampling sites in three states in the southern United States (Arizona (n = 4), Florida (n = 7), and Louisiana (n = 7)). Using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of seven genes, we identified 35 Burkholderia isolates from these soil samples. All species belonged to the B. cepacia complex (Bcc), including B. cenocepacia, B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. diffusa, B. metallica, B. seminalis, B. vietnamiensis and two unnamed members of the Bcc. The MLST analysis provided a high level of resolution among and within these species. Despite previous clinical cases within the U.S. involving B. pseudomallei and its close phylogenetic relatives, we did not isolate any of these taxa. The Bcc contains a number of opportunistic pathogens that cause infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Interestingly, we found that B. vietnamiensis was present in soil from all three states, suggesting it may be a common component in southern U.S. soils. Most of the Burkholderia isolates collected in this study were from Florida (30/35; 86%), which may be due to the combination of relatively moist, sandy, and acidic soils found there compared to the other two states. We also investigated one MLST gene, recA, for its ability to identify species within Burkholderia. A 365bp fragment of recA recovered nearly the same species-level identification as MLST, thus demonstrating its cost effective utility when conducting environmental surveys for Burkholderia. Although we did not find B. pseudomallei, our findings document that other diverse Burkholderia species are present in soils in the southern United States. 相似文献
104.
Thomas Karlas Arne Dietrich Veronica Peter Christian Wittekind Ralf Lichtinghagen Nikita Garnov Nicolas Linder Alexander Schaudinn Harald Busse Christiane Prettin Volker Keim Michael Tr?ltzsch Tatjana Schütz Johannes Wiegand 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Background
Liver fibrosis induced by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes peri-interventional complications in morbidly obese patients. We determined the performance of transient elastography (TE), acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, and enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score for fibrosis detection in bariatric patients.Patients and Methods
41 patients (median BMI 47 kg/m2) underwent 14-day low-energy diets to improve conditions prior to bariatric surgery (day 0). TE (M and XL probe), ARFI, and ELF score were performed on days -15 and -1 and compared with intraoperative liver biopsies (NAS staging).Results
Valid TE and ARFI results at day -15 and -1 were obtained in 49%/88% and 51%/90% of cases, respectively. High skin-to-liver-capsule distances correlated with invalid TE measurements. Fibrosis of liver biopsies was staged as F1 and F3 in n = 40 and n = 1 individuals. However, variations (median/range at d-15/-1) of TE (4.6/2.6–75 and 6.7/2.9–21.3 kPa) and ARFI (2.1/0.7–3.7 and 2.0/0.7–3.8 m/s) were high and associated with overestimation of fibrosis. The ELF score correctly classified 87.5% of patients.Conclusion
In bariatric patients, performance of TE and ARFI was poor and did not improve after weight loss. The ELF score correctly classified the majority of cases and should be further evaluated. 相似文献105.
Julia M. Riehm Michaela Projahn Amy J. Vogler Minoaerisoa Rajerison Genevieve Andersen Carina M. Hall Thomas Zimmermann Rahelinirina Soanandrasana Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana Reinhard K. Straubinger Roxanne Nottingham Paul Keim David M. Wagner Holger C. Scholz 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(6)
Background
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of human plague and is endemic in various African, Asian and American countries. In Madagascar, the disease represents a significant public health problem with hundreds of human cases a year. Unfortunately, poor infrastructure makes outbreak investigations challenging.Conclusions/SignificancePlague in Madagascar is caused by numerous distinct types of Y. pestis. Genotyping method choice should be based upon the discriminatory power needed, expense, and available data for any desired comparisons. We conclude that genotyping should be a standard tool used in epidemiological investigations of plague outbreaks. 相似文献
106.
107.
Rivarola M Foster JT Chan AP Williams AL Rice DW Liu X Melake-Berhan A Huot Creasy H Puiu D Rosovitz MJ Khouri HM Beckstrom-Sternberg SM Allan GJ Keim P Ravel J Rabinowicz PD 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e21743
Castor bean is an important oil-producing plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. Its high-quality oil contains up to 90% of the unusual fatty acid ricinoleate, which has many industrial and medical applications. Castor bean seeds also contain ricin, a highly toxic Type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein, which has gained relevance in recent years due to biosafety concerns. In order to gain knowledge on global genetic diversity in castor bean and to ultimately help the development of breeding and forensic tools, we carried out an extensive chloroplast sequence diversity analysis. Taking advantage of the recently published genome sequence of castor bean, we assembled the chloroplast and mitochondrion genomes extracting selected reads from the available whole genome shotgun reads. Using the chloroplast reference genome we used the methylation filtration technique to readily obtain draft genome sequences of 7 geographically and genetically diverse castor bean accessions. These sequence data were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers and phylogenetic analysis resulted in the identification of two major clades that were not apparent in previous population genetic studies using genetic markers derived from nuclear DNA. Two distinct sub-clades could be defined within each major clade and large-scale genotyping of castor bean populations worldwide confirmed previously observed low levels of genetic diversity and showed a broad geographic distribution of each sub-clade. 相似文献
108.
109.
Martin Wikelski Uschi Mueller Paola Scocco Andrea Catorci Lev V. Desinov Mikhail Y. Belyaev Daniel Keim Winfried Pohlmeier Gerhard Fechteler P. Martin Mai 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2020,126(9):931-941
Whether changes in animal behavior allow for short-term earthquake predictions has been debated for a long time. Before, during and after the 2016/2017 earthquake sequence in Italy, we deployed bio-logging tags to continuously observe the activity of farm animals (cows, dogs, and sheep) close to the epicenter of the devastating magnitude M6.6 Norcia earthquake (Oct–Nov 2016) and over a subsequent longer observation period (Jan–Apr 2017). Relating 5,304 (in 2016) and 12,948 (in 2017) earthquakes with a wide magnitude range (0.4 ≤ M ≤ 6.6) to continuously measured animal activity, we detected how the animals collectively reacted to earthquakes. We also found consistent anticipatory activity prior to earthquakes during times when the animals were in a building (stable), but not during their time on a pasture. We detected these anticipatory patterns not only in periods with high, but also in periods of low seismic activity. Earthquake anticipation times (1–20 hr) are negatively correlated with the distance between the farm and earthquake hypocenters. Our study suggests that continuous bio-logging of animal collectives has the potential to provide statistically reliable patterns of pre-seismic activity that could yield valuable insights for short-term earthquake forecasting. Based on a priori model parameters, we provide empirical threshold values for pre-seismic animal activities to be used in real-time observation stations. 相似文献
110.