用于抗体/抗体片段表达的系统及其高表达策略

随着诊断及治疗领域内单克隆抗体及片段的广泛应用,传统的杂交瘤生产技术已很难满足对其日益增长的需求。由于基因重组技术及生物工程技术的迅速发展及日益成熟,大规模生产单克隆抗体/片段已成为可能。对目前常用的载体及表达系统进行列举和比对,这些系统包括大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E.coli)系统、酵母表达系统、昆虫细胞表达系统及哺乳动物细胞表达系统。在第二部分,对提高表达产率的策略进行了探讨,其中包括:表达蛋白质本身的修饰(如蛋白融合、定点突变)、表达系统的选择、密码子优化、表达环境的优化和抗体体内表达等。最后,对抗体/抗体片段高表达的前景作了展望,认为生物信息学将在此领域发挥重大作用,并且相信建立高表达平台的时机已经来到。     

Induction of Complementary Function Reductase Enzymes in Colon Cancer Cells by Dithiole‐3‐thione versus Sodium Selenite

Cellular induction of reductase enzymes can alter the susceptibility of cells toward drugs and chemicals. In this study, we compared the capacity of a single dose of sodium selenite and 3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione (D3T) to influence the drug‐relevant reducing capacity of HT29 cells over time, and defined the protein‐specific contribution to this activity on the basis of selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) protein levels and activity were inducible up to 2.2‐fold by selenium. In contrast, selenium had only a minor influence on prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity and protein levels. D3T, a strong Nrf2 inducer, induced all the reductases and additionally increased the cytotoxicity of hydroxymethylacylfulvene, a bioreductive DNA‐alkylating drug. The data and experimental approaches allow one to define induction potency for reductase enzymes PTGR1, TrxR1, and NQO1 in HT29 cells and link these to changes in drug cytotoxicity.     

一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)对羟基磷灰石合成的诱导

【目的】研究利用真菌诱导的方式合成羟基磷灰石(HAP)。【方法】采用含不同浓度Na2HPO4和CaCO3的PDA(Potato Dextrose Agar Medium)液体培养基,研究黑曲霉作用诱导HAP合成,并用透射电镜(TEM)观察诱导形成的矿物晶体形态和结构、用X射线衍射(XRD)法确定矿物种类。【结果】主要研究结果如下:(1)在含有合适浓度的Na2HPO4和CaCO3的PDA液体培养基中,接入黑曲霉可以诱导HAP晶体的合成。(2)黑曲霉对HAP合成的诱导作用跟反应时间有关,反应时间越长,越有利于生成HAP。分析认为黑曲霉对HAP诱导作用是因其代谢产酸造成对CaCO3的溶解以及菌丝体对Ca2+的富集作用,在菌丝球内先形成白磷钙石,然后进一步转化为羟基磷灰石。【结论】黑曲霉在含Na2HPO4和CaCO3的PDA液体培养基中能诱导羟基磷灰石的生成。由于黑曲霉诱导合成HAP的反应条件温和,制备工艺简单,成本低,因此具有潜在应用前景。     

Root damage and aboveground herbivory change concentration and composition of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio jacobaea

Thus far not many studies focussed on how herbivory in one plant part affects plant defence in the other. The effects of root damage and a leaf-feeding herbivore (Mamestra brassicae) on pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) levels of Senecio jacobaea were investigated in a controlled environment. Three cloned S. jacobaea genotypes, which differed in PA concentrations, received four treatments: (1) no damage, (2) root damage (removing half of the root system), (3) shoot herbivory by M. brassicae larvae, (4) root damage and shoot herbivory.Shoot herbivory did not significantly affect shoot biomass, while root damage decreased both root and shoot biomass. Shoot herbivory decreased PA concentrations in the roots. Conversely, root damage increased PA concentrations in the roots. Alkaloid concentrations in the shoot showed a weak response to root damage, shoot herbivory had no effect on PA levels in the shoot. The effect of damage on the allocation of PAs to shoot and roots depended on genotype. One genotype allocated more PAs to the damaged site, another genotype did not change allocation and the third genotype allocated more PAs to the shoot if the roots were damaged. Changes in PA composition were observed in one genotype. Shoot herbivory increased erucifoline concentrations in the shoot and decreased concentrations of senecionine in the roots. In conclusion, we have shown that even in an alleged constitutively defended plant, damage of one compartment affects secondary metabolite level in the other.     

Large generation of megakaryocytes from serum-free expanded human CD34 cells

Ex vivo generation of megakaryocytes from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is crucial to HSC research and has important clinical potential for thrombocytopenia patients to rapid platelet reconstruction. In this study, factorial design and steepest ascent method were used to screen and optimize the effective cytokines (10.2 ng/ml TPO, 4.3 ng/ml IL-3, 15.0 ng/ml SCF, 5.6 ng/ml IL-6, 2.8 ng/ml FL, 2.8 ng/ml IL-9, and 2.8 ng/ml GM-CSF) in megakaryocyte induction medium that facilitate ex vivo megakaryopoiesis from CD34⁺ cells. After induction, the maximum fold expansion for accumulated megakaryocytes was almost 5000-fold, and the induced megakaryocytes were characterized by analysis of gene expression, polyploidy and platelet activation ability. Furthermore, the combination of megakaryocyte induction medium and HSC expansion medium can induce and expand a large amount of functional megakaryocytes efficiently, and might be a promising source of megakaryocytes and platelets for cell therapy in the future.     

New proteins orthologous to cerato-platanin in various <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratocystis</Emphasis> species and the purification and characterization of cerato-populin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratocystis populicola</Emphasis>

Natural variants of cerato-platanin (CP), a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) protein produced by Ceratocystis platani (the causal agent of the plane canker stain), have been found to be produced by other four species of the genus Ceratocystis, including five clones of Ceratocystis fimbriata isolated from different hosts. All these fungal strains were known to be pathogenic to plants with considerable importance in agriculture, forestry, and as ornamental plants. The putative premature proteins were deduced on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of genes orthologous to the cp gene of C. platani; the deduced premature proteins of Ceratocystis populicola and Ceratocystis variospora reduced the total identity of all the others from 87.3% to 60.3%. Cerato-populin (Pop1), the CP-orthologous protein produced by C. populicola, was purified and characterized. Pop1 was a well-structured α/β protein with a different percentage of the α-helix than CP, and it self-assembled in vitro in ordered aggregates. Moreover, Pop1 behaved as PAMP, since it stimulated poplar leaf tissues to activate defence responses able to reduce consistently the C. populicola growth. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

犬繁殖调控技术研究进展

由于犬具有一些独特的生殖生理特点,使犬的繁殖调控技术的发展一直面临着一些困难。目前犬繁殖调控技术的研究远远落后于其他哺乳动物。本文综述了犬诱导发情、精液保存、人工受精、胚胎移植及克隆等犬的繁殖调控技术国内外研究进展。     

Influence of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides on root culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Karwinskia humboldtiana</Emphasis>

Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) activity in K. humboldtiana root culture has been determined. GGMOs inhibited adventitious root growth and lateral root induction in contrast to IAA, IBA, and NAA stimulating effect in these processes. Similarly, the combination of GGMOs with natural auxins (IAA, IBA) evoked an inhibition of adventitious root growth and lateral root induction that depended on the oligosaccharides concentration and the type of auxin. The growth stimulating effect of the synthetic auxin, NAA, in adventitious roots was negatively affected by GGMOs, but they were without influence on lateral root induction. The presence of oligosaccharides triggered lateral root position on adventitious roots and the anatomy of adventitious roots (diameter, proportion of primary cortex to the central cylinder, number and size of primary cortical cells, intercellular spaces, and the number of starch grains in cells of primary cortex) in dependence on their coactions with auxin.     

白藜芦醇合酶的研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种重要的植物抗毒素,具有多种医疗保健作用,因此其应用前景非常广泛,已引起多方关注。白藜芦醇合酶是白藜芦醇生物合成途径中的关键酶之一,它催化1分子4—香豆酰辅酶A和3分子丙二酰辅酶A反应合成白藜芦醇,它是白藜芦醇生物合成中惟一必需的酶,关于它的研究已广泛开展起来。本文综述了白藜芦醇的药理活性、白藜芦醇合酶的酶学性质、诱导途径和机制以及分子生物学方面的研究进展。