PD-L1基因敲除小鼠构建及初步表型验证

目的 程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)是免疫调节途径的重要因子,是抗肿瘤免疫疗法中重要的靶标之一。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建PD-L1基因敲除小鼠模型,并初步分析其表型。方法 构建Cas9和sgRNA载体,并转录获得RNA,通过显微注射方式将RNA注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中,经过鉴定获得F₀代阳性小鼠。F₀代小鼠与野生型C57BL/6小鼠交配获得F₁代杂合子小鼠,再通过F₁代小鼠自交获得F₂代纯合子小鼠品系。随后通过Real-Time PCR和流式实验分别检测PD-L1基因在mRNA和蛋白质水平上的表达情况。结果 Real-Time PCR和流式实验检测结果显示与野生型C57小鼠相比,PD-L1纯合子小鼠的PD-L1 mRNA相对表达水平和细胞上的蛋白质表达均有显著性下降,仅测定到本底的信号,证实已成功构建PD-L1基因敲除小鼠品系,为PD-L1体内基因功能研究提供了新的小鼠模型。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术建立敲除JAK2基因K562细胞系

目的:利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对K562细胞系JAK2基因进行编辑,构建JAK2基因敲除的K562细胞系。方法:使用CRISPR在线设计工具,针对JAK2基因设计sgRNA,构建Cas9-sgRNA共表达质粒。使用第二代慢病毒包装系统包装慢病毒并感染K562细胞,提取细胞基因组DNA,Sanger测序和TA克隆检测基因编辑活性。无限稀释法将编辑阳性的细胞接种于96孔板并扩培得到单克隆细胞株,提取基因组DNA,Sanger测序和TA克隆分析敲除JAK2单克隆细胞的基因型。结果:成功构建靶向敲除JAK2基因的lentiCRISPRv2-sgRNA3-1质粒。优化方案得到低细胞毒性高转染效率的感染K562细胞慢病毒量。CRISPR/Cas9系统成功在JAK2基因sgRNA3-1识别位点发挥基因组编辑活性,获得纯合敲除JAK2基因细胞株K562-JAK2~(-/-)(两个等位分别发生移码突变,预期编码没有功能的JAK2蛋白)。结论:CRIAPR/Cas9系统通过慢病毒感染方式获得JAK2基因纯合敲除的K562细胞株,该细胞模型可用于研究在慢性髓系白血病中JAK2基因的作用,为构建K562敲除其他基因细胞系提供实验依据,为探究造血分化机制的研究奠定实验基础。     

马尔尼菲篮状菌基因研究进展

温度依赖性双相真菌马尔尼菲篮状菌可致局限性或全身播散性感染,在东南亚以及我国南方,尤其是广西、广东有区域性流行。该菌主要感染免疫力低下的人群,是流行区艾滋病患者特征性的机会性感染。文中主要介绍马尔尼菲篮状菌的相关基础知识、基因研究历史进程以及综述马尔尼菲篮状菌在生长发育、双相转换、信号通路、细胞壁合成、细胞代谢、应激反应、热休克、色素、毒力及耐药方面的基因研究进展。     

紫花苜蓿F-box蛋白基因MsFTL的克隆及功能分析

FTL(F-box Triple LRR protein)是F-box蛋白家族的成员,具有F-box保守结构域,在植物抵御逆境胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究参考低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿转录组数据设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆获得紫花苜蓿MsFTL基因,该基因的全长1422 bp,编码473个氨基酸。该蛋白含有1个F-box结构域及3个LRR重复。系统进化分析表明,MsFTL与蒺藜苜蓿XP_003626345.1 F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein亲缘关系最近。两者蛋白序列比对发现共有11个差异位点。在低温、盐、干旱以及外源ABA处理下,MsFTL基因受到诱导,表达量上调。构建植物过表达载体pCBM-MsFTL,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草。对经过抗性筛选、PCR和Real-time PCR验证的转基因植株进行低温抗性鉴定。在-4℃低温胁迫下,野生型烟草叶片出现了明显的萎蔫失水现象,而转基因烟草萎蔫程度相对较轻。生理检测结果表明,4℃处理24 h之后,转基因烟草的可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性,CAT活性高于野生型,MDA含量低于野生型。本研究表明,MsFTL基因在提高植物对低温胁迫的抗性方面具有重要的作用。     

核、质基因对肺形侧耳菌丝生长、营养成分及基因表达的影响

本研究通过杂交构建肺形侧耳同核异质菌株N1M1、N1M2和同质异核菌株N1M1、N2M1,比较菌丝形态与生长速度、营养成分以及常见的细胞核基因与线粒体基因的表达量,分析线粒体基因对肺形侧耳菌丝的影响,探讨线粒体基因与核基因的相互作用。由菌丝生长情况可知N1M1和N1M2菌丝形态相似,生长速度差异不显著,N1M1和N2M1菌丝形态差异大,生长速度差异极显著,在菌丝形态与生长速度上细胞核基因作用大于线粒体基因。进一步检测菌株中的主要营养成分发现必需氨基酸与总水解氨基酸含量差异显著,菌株N1M2蛋白含量显著高于N1M1,N1M1维生素C含量是N1M2的1.67倍,菌株N2M1多糖和蛋白含量显著高于N1M1,铁和维生素C含量显著低于N1M1。所以细胞核基因、线粒体基因都能影响肺形侧耳营养成分含量。检测同核异质菌株N1M1、N1M2的7个细胞核常见基因的表达情况发现,N1M2菌丝中6个细胞核基因的表达量都显著高于N1M1,这表明肺形侧耳线粒体基因的不同会影响核基因的表达;同质异核菌株N1M1、N2M1的14个线粒体普通编码蛋白基因表达差异显著,这说明线粒体基因的表达量会因核基因的不同有所差异。综上,肺形侧耳线粒体基因和细胞核基因能够相互影响,共同作用于生命活动。     

蝉棒束孢菌子实体对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的影响

对蝉棒束孢菌子实体（0.75g/kg）重复灌胃SD雄性大鼠90d及恢复28d的早期肾损伤生物标记物肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1）和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）进行测定,评估蝉棒束孢菌子实体对肾小管上皮细胞的影响;研究不同剂量蝉棒束孢菌子实体（0.25g/kg、0.5g/kg、1.0g/kg）对肾小管上皮细胞增殖和增生能力的影响。给药30、60、90d及恢复28d时,SD大鼠血清中KIM-1浓度与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）,给药30d、60d时,SD大鼠血清中NGAL浓度与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）,给药90d及恢复28d时,SD大鼠血清中NGAL浓度低于对照组（P<0.05）,且给药90d组与对照组相比有显著性差异（P<0.01）;免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原法（PCNA）及四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法（MTT）表明：与对照组相比,蝉棒束孢菌子实体能使肾小管上皮细胞增生能力增强,未导致肾小管上皮细胞凋亡。     

Effects and molecular mechanisms of AT1-AA in retinopathy of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia not only seriously endangers maternal and fetal health during pregnancy but may incur many sequelae in postpartum women such as reduced visual acuity.Agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin Ⅱ type Ⅰ receptor (AT1-AA) is closely associated with preeclampsia.The aim of the present study is to determine whether AT1-AA is associated with retinal impairment during the course of preeclampsia.A preeclampsia model was established by injecting AT1-AA into pregnant rats via the tail vein.Changes in the retinal histological structure were observed.Cell apoptosis and cytokines including reactive oxygen species (ROS),as well as apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 were detected.In addition,flash electroretinograms obtained at different postpartum days were analyzed.Compared with the control group,the retinal structure became edematous and the cell density was reduced significantly in preeclampsia group.The cell apoptosis rate was increased significantly.In addition,the content of ROS,the levels of Bax and caspase-3 in the retina were increased,while the content of Bcl-2 was reduced significantly.Continuous observation of the electroretinograms showed loss of retinal ganglion cells postpartum.The present study demonstrated that AT1-AA induced retinal cell apoptosis by promoting ROS release and activating caspase,suggesting that the increased postpartum susceptibility of preeclamptic women to retinopathy is related to AT1-AA-induced cell apoptosis.     

A novel detection method of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cattle based on Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic parasite that causes significant economic loss in the animal husbandry industry,especially the cattle industry.As there is no specific vaccine or drug against Cryptosporidium,a rapid and accurate method for the detection of C.parvum is of great significance.In this study,colloidal gold strips were developed based on Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1) for the detection of C.parvum infection in cattle fecal samples.The colloidal gold solution was prepared by reducing trisodium citrate and the CSpV1 #5 monoclonal antibody was labeled with colloidal gold.A polyclonal antibody against the CSpV1 capsid protein and an anti-mouse IgG antibody were coated on the colloidal gold strips for use in the test and control lines,respectively.Our results showed that the detection sensitivity in fecal samples was up to a 1:64 dilution.There was no cross-reaction with Cryptosporidium andersoni or Giardia in the fecal samples.The different preservation conditions (room temperature,4℃,and 37℃) and preservation time (7,30,60,and 90 days) were analyzed.The data showed that the strips could be preserved for 90 days at 4℃ and for 60 days at room temperature or 37℃.The colloidal gold strips were used to detect the samples of 120 clinical fecal in Changchun,China.The results indicated that the rate of a positive test was 5%(6/120).This study provides a rapid and accurate method for detecting C.parvum infection in cattle and humans.     

Vitamin D enzymes (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1) and receptor expression in non-melanoma skin cancer

The relationship between vitamin D metabolic enzymes (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development and progression is not entirely clear. However, several clinical studies and in vitro reports indicate a connection between vitamin D metabolic key players and NMSCs by demonstrating inhibitory effects on tumor cells and positive effects in skin cancer prevention of higher circulatory 25-hydroxyvitamin D [1]. Vitamin D synthesis is mediated via mitochondrial cytochrome P450 family hydroxylase enzymatic reactions: anabolic and catabolic hydroxylases (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1).     

结核分枝杆菌硫醇乙酰基转移酶基因敲除株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为探索硫醇乙酰基转移酶(mycothiol acetyltransferase,MshD)在结核分枝杆菌中的生物学特性,本实验利用噬菌体为载体的同源重组技术,构建结核分枝杆菌mshD基因敲除株、mshD基因回补株,用实时定量聚合酶链反应(real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)对所构建的菌株进行验证。分别收集H37Ra野生株、mshD基因敲除株、mshD基因回补株对数生长期菌液各5 mL, 离心收集菌体并培养,以观察菌落形态、生物膜形成及生长曲线测定;用5 mmol/L H₂O₂、0.05% SDS,50 ℃热激及低氧条件下分别处理基因敲出菌株和野生菌株,将菌液进行10倍梯度稀释,培养4～6周后检测抗胁迫能力并计算存活率。结果显示, 与野生株H37Ra相比,mshD基因敲除株菌落褶皱减少且菌落偏小,生长趋势较为缓慢;生物膜形成所需时间增长且褶皱明显减少;抗逆能力下降,存活率略低于野生株和回补株。揭示了mshD基因对结核分枝杆菌的生长具有重要作用,为进一步揭示该基因的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。