棕色田鼠XO雌体育性研究

通过对棕色田鼠外形特征,卵巢切片,怀胎和生产雌鼠染色体鉴定等方面研究,证实了该鼠ＸＯ雌鼠可孕,并具有生殖能力。染色体鉴定表明,ＸＸ雌体中的两条Ｘ性染以体,一条为Ｍ类型另一条为ＳＭ类型;ＸＯ雌体中的Ｘ性染色体为Ｍ类型。所以ＸＯ雌性的生育能力可能与Ｘ染色体有关,其上可能存在雌性育性基因。     

两个基因座位的遗传平衡原理

由于许多教科书中关于连锁平衡的介绍,多是引用结论或是推导不太严谨,使学生在学习群体遗传学时对理解连锁平衡的原理感到困难。本文从遗传平衡的基本条件出发,通过较严谨的数学推导,介绍了两个基因座的连锁平衡条件、平衡过程等原理,供教师和学生在群体遗传学教学中参考。Abstract: Because linkage equilibrium is introduced by directly quoting the conclusions or imprecise mathematical reasoning in most of textbooks, many students are puzzled with the problem of linkage equilibrium when they learn population genetics. Based on the radical conditions of genetic equilibrium, the principle of linkage equilibrium condition and process, for two gene loci is introduced by precise mathematical reasoning. The article may provide reference to teachers and students in the teaching and learning of population genetics.     

稀土元素钬对蚕豆的细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究

运用氧化钬与稀硝酸反应制备结晶,以去离子水溶解并且稀释成梯度溶液,对蚕豆根尖染毒6 h,分别修复培养22h和24h,观察根尖变化,统计微核率、染色体畸变率及有丝分裂指数。结果表明,4mg/L（以氧化钬质量体积浓度计）以下剂量对根尖生长具有促进作用;随着浓度的递增,微核率、染色体畸变率逐步上升,有丝分裂指数逐步下降,表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,说明稀土元素钬具有一定的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。同时,不同修复组在微核率、染色体畸变率及有丝分裂指数上也存在一定差异,表现为微核率22h修复组低于24 h 修复组,而染色体畸变率和分裂指数均高于24h修复组。微核检测应在染色体畸变检测之后进行。      

山地麻晰染色体组型研究

六十年代以来,国外在蜘袖易目染色休的研究方面有不少报道^[6-9]。据笔者已有资料所知,国内对晰蝎目染色体的研究工作仅有吴贯夫等（1981)的鳄晰染色体组型的初步观察^[1]。关于山地麻晰(Eremies brenchleyi Guenther)染色体的组型分析,迄今尚无报道。因此,我们采用了骨髓细胞直接制片法对山地麻晰染色体组型进行了分析。     

浅谈遗传规律教学中的几个问题

本文在遗传学教学内容和教学方法改革方面作了一些探讨,认为改革的方向应符合“深化教育改革、全面推进素质教育”的指导思想。主要采取了下列措施：（1）压缩教材中的一般内容,突出重点和难点,保证其讲授时间;（2）打破章节界限,将相关的内容联系在一起讲授;（3）注意启发式教学,克服和纠正“填鸭式”教学,培养学生创新精神;（4）让学生参与课堂内外教学,使学生掌握学习方法;（5）讲清关键、前后联系、比较异同、加深理解。这些措施达到了预期效果,受到学生好评。 Abstract：This paper makes some approaches in the teaching contents of genetics and the reform of teaching methods.It agrees that the direction of reform should correspond to the education and to develop diathesis education comprehensively.Five measures have been taken.(1)To reduce the general contents,meanwhile to emphasize the important and difficult contents and assure the teaching time .(2)Not to consider the scope of chapters and connect the relative contents when teaching.(3)To use the method of implication and overcome the methods of stuffing the students as to cultivate the students with creativity.(4)To let students take part in the teaching both in and out of class as to make them master learning methods.(5)To make clear the key problems and to find the same and different points of the similar things as to make students understand it deeply.These measures have received the expected effect and are welcomed by the students.     

山地麻蜥染色体组型研究

六十年代以来,国外在蜥蜴目染色体的研究方面有不少报道。据笔者已有资料所知,国内对蜥蜴目染色体的研究工作仅有吴贯夫等(1981)的鳄蜥染色体组型的初步观察。关于山地麻蜥(Eremies brenchleyi Guenther)染色体的组型分析,迄今尚无报道。因此,我们     

棕色田鼠罗伯逊易位的研究（简报）

The type of chromosome No. 1 and chromosome number from 53 individuals of Microtus mandarinus have been studied and compared in three sex types: XY, XX, XO. We found that the first pair of autosomes are very unstable, and there are three types: (1) M, M (With a double metacentric chromosome), (2) M, T, T, (With single metacentric chromosome). (3) T, T, T, T (Without metacentric chromosome). The chromosome number of the same sex individuals changes regularly with the type change of chromosome No. 1, that is, the increase of one chromosome in 2n number is always accompanied by the increase of two T and the decrease of one M, and vice versa. The synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of spermatocyte in pachytene nuclei from the males (2n = 51) were analysed by the electron microscopy. The SCs studies demonstrate that there are 23 fully paired autosomal bivalents, XY-bivalent and an autosomal trivalent. This trivalent is formed by one metacentric and two telocentric elements and characterized by the presence of two short side-arms. Meanwhile, all trivalents are in a cis configuration. The study of G-banding also demonstrates that the No. 1 autosome polymorphism is caused by Robertsonian translocation. Robertsonian fission is the main reason of the polymorphism of chromosome No. 1 and of variation of chromosome number in M. mandarinus.     

稀土多元复合肥和三种稀土元素的遗传毒性研究

采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,研究市售稀土多元复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性。结果表明,稀土复合肥和三种稀土元素均可诱发微核效应,在一定浓度下可损伤细胞,影响根尖的正常生长,其中稀土复合肥的微核效应表现出明显的剂量-效应关系。稀土复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞具有一定的遗传毒性作用和细胞毒性作用,在施用稀土微肥和使用稀土制品时应引起重视。 Abstract：This paper presents the study of genetic toxicity and cell toxicity that is give n by rare earth multi-element compound fertilizer and a chemical compound of rar e earth elements-La3＋、Ce4＋、Er3＋ in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The technique used is micronucleus in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The experiment statistical result shows that both the rare earth compound fertilizer and the three kinds of rare earth elements can cause micronucleus ef fect and under certain concentration,they can hurt cells, affect root tip gro wth .The micronucleus effect of the rare earth compound fertilizer shows a clear relation of dosage-effect. The conclusion is that rare earth compound fertilize r and the chemical compound of rare earth elements La3＋、Ce4＋、E r3＋cause certain genetic toxicity and cell toxicity effect to root tip cells of Vicia faba.Therefore a close attention should be paid when the rar e earth multi-fertilizer and other things made by rare earth are used.     

一个常染色体显性遗传白癜风家系

本文报道了一白癜风家系,对其发病原因进行了探讨。作者认为该家系的白癜风为常染色体显性遗传。 Abstract:A family history of vitiligo was reported in this paper,and the reason causing disease was discussed.We think that the vitiligo in the family history is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance.     

罗伯逊易位研究的进展

本文总结了罗伯逊易位研究的现状、内容和技术方法,并对它在畜牧品种的改良、分子遗传学方面的应用作了探讨,指出了它在研究进化生物学方面的重要意义。 Abstract:Robertsonian translocation is important in the study of evolution biology.Current progress,contents,technology and methods about Robertsonian translocation studies are introduced in the article.The usefulness in improving the breeds of pasturages and molecular genetic aspect are also discussed.