中华卷柏在恢复过去环境研究中的生态指示意义

通过研究我国蕨类植物特有种中华卷柏在现代植被中的分布及其化包子在地层剖面中的时空分布规律,并阐明了中华卷柏在现代植被分布域具有连续分布的特征。在生境上,其基本生活在具有石灰质成土母质的土壤上,多生长在山坡阴处岩石上、山顶岩石上,向阳山坡石缝中,山坡灌丛下等,是一种土壤生态类型植物。在热量和水分因子上,中华卷柏生长在温度适中的黄;多在较为湿润的地方生长。数值分析进一步表明中华卷柏的空间分布主要受年平     

Nucleotide sequence of proteinase inhibitor II encoding cDNA of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and its mode of expression

Summary Two cDNA clones containing the complete coding region of a developmentally controlled (tuber-specific) as well as environmentally inducible (wound-inducible) gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum) have been sequenced. The open reading frame codes for 154 amino acids. Its sequence is highly homologous to the proteinase inhibitor II from tomato, indicating that the cDNA's encode the corresponding proteinase inhibitor II of potato. In addition the putative potato proteinase inhibitor II contains a sequence which is completely homologous with that of another small peptide proteinase inhibitor from potato, called PCI-I. Evidence is presented that this small peptide is probably derived from the proteinase inhibitor II by posttranslational processing.Northern type experiments using RNA from wounded and nonwounded leaves demonstrate that RNA homologous to the putative proteinase inhibitor II cDNA's accumulates in leaves as a consequence of wounding, whereas normally the expression of this gene is under strict developmental control, since it is detected only in tubers of potato (Rosahl et al. 1986). In addition the induction of this gene in leaves can also be achieved by the addition of different polysaccharides such as poly galacturonic acid or chitosan. In contrast to the induction of its expression by wounding in leaves, wounding of tubers results in a disappearance of the proteinase II inhibitor m-RNA from these organs.     

Thoughts of a Travelling Ecologist,6 On monitoring

正Monitoring.We,ecologists,hear the word nearly every day.From the most unexpected corners this word springs out,much used and abused.One one hand,it is often used by my peers to justify their work,their project or even their existence as scientists.They claim to do useful work,because they monitor some phenomenon or another.This,goes the ar-     

多肽药物的发展现状

随着生物技术与多肽合成技术的日臻成熟,越来越多的多肽药物被开发并应用于临床。因适应证广、安全性高且疗效显著,多肽药物目前已广泛应用于肿瘤、肝炎、糖尿病、艾滋病等疾病的预防、诊断和治疗,具有广阔的开发前景。简介多肽药物的来源与特点及制备方法,重点综述国内外多肽药物的研发概况、国外近年获准上市的主要多肽药物和我国自主研发并进入临床研究的主要多肽药物,旨在为该类新药的研发提供参考。     

Note on some Brachionidae (rotifers) from The Netherlands

Some Brachionidae indicative of polluted water are normally found in brackish but unpolluted waters in The Netherlands. The circumtropical K. tropica is now regularly recorded in the Hollands Diep, which is slightly thermally polluted, but it also seems to occur, at times, in waters that receive no heated water effluents.     

中度石漠化生态修复初期土壤螨类群落结构变化

土壤螨类群落监测是生态恢复监测的重要内容之一,土壤螨类群落结构的变化可以反映退化环境生态恢复的效果.2014年按季节对贵州省毕节市朝营小流域中度石漠化生态修复区的土壤螨类进行调查,并与原生栓皮栎林和中度石漠化区的土壤螨类群落结构进行对比.结果表明: 中度石漠化生态修复区土壤螨类计有3目35科58属,以单翼甲螨属和威单翼甲螨属为优势属;土壤上层具有较高的属数、个体数量和个体密度;捕食性革螨群落以r对策者为主,甲螨群落结构以有翅孔背甲螨型(P型)为主.中度石漠化生态恢复区土壤螨类个体数量与个体密度分别高于中度石漠化区和栓皮栎林,属数、多样性指数和丰富度指数分别高于中度石漠化区,但低于栓皮栎林;该区在对照区基础上恢复和新增螨类共32属,占该区螨类总属数的55.2%.在研究区,螨类属数与土壤速效钾含量、丰富度指数与有机碳含量具有显著相关性,个体数量、个体密度、多样性指数、丰富度指数分别与速效钾含量以及丰富度指数与有机质含量具有显著相关性.表明石漠化的植被修复有利于土壤螨类群落结构的恢复和土壤环境的改善,且螨类优势类群、新增类群和恢复类群能对环境变化进行较好地指示,但土壤螨类群落结构与修复区植被和土壤理化因子变化的关系还有待进一步研究.     

Disregarding the edaphic dimension in species distribution models leads to the omission of crucial spatial information under climate change: the case of Quercus pubescens in France

Species distribution modelling is an easy, persuasive and useful tool for anticipating species distribution shifts under global change. Numerous studies have used only climate variables to predict future potential species range shifts and have omitted environmental factors important for determining species distribution. Here, we assessed the importance of the edaphic dimension in the niche‐space definition of Quercus pubescens and in future spatial projections under global change over the metropolitan French forest territory. We fitted two species distribution models (SDM) based on presence/absence data (111 013 plots), one calibrated from climate variables only (mean temperature of January and climatic water balance of July) and the other one from both climate and edaphic (soil pH inferred from plants) variables. Future predictions were conducted under two climate scenarios (PCM B2 and HadCM3 A2) and based on 100 simulations using a cellular automaton that accounted for seed dispersal distance, landscape barriers preventing migration and unsuitable land cover. Adding the edaphic dimension to the climate‐only SDM substantially improved the niche‐space definition of Q. pubescens, highlighting an increase in species tolerance in confronting climate constraints as the soil pH increased. Future predictions over the 21st century showed that disregarding the edaphic dimension in SDM led to an overestimation of the potential distribution area, an underestimation of the spatial fragmentation of this area, and prevented the identification of local refugia, leading to an underestimation of the northward shift capacity of Q. pubescens and its persistence in its current distribution area. Spatial discrepancies between climate‐only and climate‐plus‐edaphic models are strengthened when seed dispersal and forest fragmentation are accounted for in predicting a future species distribution area. These discrepancies highlight some imprecision in spatial predictions of potential distribution area of species under climate change scenarios and possibly wrong conclusions for conservation and management perspectives when climate‐only models are used.     

104 例重症急性胰腺炎的手术治疗与非手术治疗对比分析

目的:探讨重症急性胰腺炎的有效治疗方法以及施行外科手术治疗的时机与指征.方法:回顾性分析104例重症胰腺炎患者的临床治疗资料,其中63例患者行非手术治疗,41例患者行手术治疗,观察比较患者治愈率、死亡率、并发症发生率、住院时间以及治疗前后血尿淀粉酶的变化.结果:①非手术组与手术组间治愈率、死亡率和平均住院时间无明显差异(P＞0.05),但手术组并发症发生率显著高于非手术组(P＜0.05).②早期手术组与延期手术组间治愈率比较无明显差异(P＞0.05),但延期手术可有效降低患者死亡率与并发症发生率(P＜0.05).③经过治疗,早期与延期手术组患者血尿淀粉酶水平均明显降低(P＜0.01),且早期手术组下降幅度大于延期手术组(P＜0.05).结论:非手术治疗与手术治疗的综合治疗可有效提高SAP的治疗效果,同时手术治疗中应尽量避免早期手术.