重庆市生态功能区蝴蝶多样性参数

以重庆市生态功能区为基本单元,用1998—2010年间重庆市蝴蝶群落调查的成果,总结、分析与物种多样性相关的数据与参数,报道了重庆市生态功能区蝴蝶多样性参数。采用路线法的调查方法,设置调查样带14503条,获知重庆市分布蝶类492种,隶属于12科,187属,其中,优势种36个,占总数的7.3%,常见种182个(37.0%),少见种155个(31.5%),罕见种119个(24.2%)。依据生态服务功能重要性,划分为14个功能区。其中,1、10功能区物种数在250种以上,物种丰度在30以上,种类优势度低于0.10;2、5、9功能区150种以上,物种丰度20—30之间,种类优势度0.10—0.14间;8、11、12、13功能区低于60种,物种丰度低于10,种类优势度0.17—0.32间。但是,物种多样性指数是6、7两个功能区最高(>1.8),4、5、8、14功能区在1.70—1.76间,2、3、11、12功能区最低;均匀度则是4、8、11三个功能区高于0.4,6、7、14功能区在0.35—0.4间,1、2、12功能区最低。最高的相对多度出现在功能区13,是33.55×10-3,功能区12居第二位(11.54×10-3),第三位是功能区1(6.59×10-3);最低的相对多度出现在功能区12(0.67×10-3),倒数第二位是功能区7(1.02×10-3),倒数第三位是功能区11。按照监测种类和类群选择的原则,选出监测种类24个,其中,甲等监测种类8个,乙等8个,丙等8个;类群12个,其中I类6群,Ⅱ类6群。     

Construction, Characterization, and Chromosomal Mapping of a Fosmid Library of the White-Cheeked Gibbon （Nomascus leucogenys）

Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the cloning and sequence characterization of evolutionary chromosomal breakpoints will provide vital insights into the molecular force that has driven such a radical karyotype reshuffle in gibbons. We constructed and characterized a high-quality fosmid li- brary of the white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) containing 192,000 non- redundant clones with an average insert size of 38 kb and 2.5-fold genome coverage. By end sequencing of 100 randomly selected fosmid clones, we generated 196 se- quence tags for the library. These end-sequenced fosmid clones were then mapped onto the chromosomes of the white-cheeked gibbon by fluorescence in situ hy- bridization, and no spurious chimeric clone was detected. BLAST search against the human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the number of chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribu- tion of the fosmid library. The chromosomal distribution of the mapped clones is also consistent with the BLAST search result against human and white-cheeked gibbon genomes. The fosmid library and the mapped clones will serve as a valu- able resource for further studying gibbons' chromosomal rearrangements and the underlying molecular mechanism as well as for comparative genomic study in the lesser apes.     

成纤维细胞生长因子9(FGF9)的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子9(fibroblast growth factor 9,FGF9)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一。广泛分布于人体各种组织中,它参与骨骼发育、血管形成、胚胎发育、损伤修复、细胞凋亡、神经再生、肿瘤生长等多种生理和病理的过程,可有效促进有丝分裂和细胞生长。研究发现,FGF9不仅在骨骼发育和生长期对软骨形成和成骨生成起着重要的作用,而且对卵巢癌的发生、神经再生、性腺分化等方面也有重要的影响,对FGF9作为一个有用治疗靶点发挥作用的功能和机制仍有待进一步的发现及研究。现针对FGF9的特点,综述了其在表达及适应征机制方面的研究进展,为FGF9进一步的研究及合理开发利用提供参考。     

Cd、Pb复合处理下2种离子在植物体内的分布及其对植物生理指标的影响

以黄反、小麦为试验材料,以Cd、Pb复合浓度进行处理,研究了在不同处理水平下Cd、Pb在2种植物体内的分布,以及2种植物的叶绿素、脯氨酸含量、乙烯释放量的变化。结果表明,Cd、Pb主要累积于植物根部,不同复合浓度处理后,植物叶片中叶绿素含量下降,脯氨酸含量增高,乙烯释放量增加,并存在峰点。不同的植物及不同的浓度组合有着不同的影响,环境中Cd、Pb对植物的影响存在着相互作用。     

Integrated synusial phytosociology: some notes on a new,multiscalar approach to vegetation analysis

Abstract. The integrated synusial approach of the vegetation is based on the differentiation of several spatio-temporal organization levels. A phytocoenosis (community of the second level) is considered as a complex of synusiae (communities of the first level) and is characterised by a strong tendency to self-organization. At each level, a typology of the communities can be performed. Ecological indicator values as well as different diversity indices are calculated for each vegetation unit. They are useful for understanding the spatial and temporal organization of the phytocoenoses. As an example. this approach is applied to wooded meadows.     

上海市小羽藓属植物重金属含量及其与环境的关系

应用原子吸收法对上海市13个样点的小羽藓植物体及相应土壤样品中的Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr 5种重金属元素含量进行了测定.通过对植物体内含量的聚类分析,将13个样点按重金属污染程度的轻重分为3个组：1)污染严重点,包括桂林公园、复兴公园、光启公园3个样点,均位于市区交通繁忙地带,其小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu 35.25～50.36 mg·kg^-1、Pb 55.50～65.00 mg·kg^-1、Cd 1.68～2.30 mg·kg^-1、Zn 829.63～1140.13 mg·kg^-1、Cr 7.41～16.41 mg·kg^-1;2)污染点,包括长风公园、古钟园、中山公园、和平公园、上海师范大学徐汇校区5个样点,均位于市区近郊,小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu 18.51～62.50 mg·kg^-1、Pb 14.38～34.25 mg·kg^-1、Cd 0.81～1.40 mg·kg^-1、Zn 354.25～671.75 mg·kg^-1、Cr 3.62～25.08 mg·kg^-1;3)相对清洁点,包括佘山、大观园、罗泾、植物园、崇明东平国家森林公园5个样点,位于上海市远郊,小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu 11.13～16.41 mg·kg^-1、Pb 4.63～27.25 mg·kg^-1、Cd 0.93～1.28 mg·kg^-1、Zn 489.25～1 086.75 mg·kg^-1、Cr 1.53～7.62 mg·kg^-1.结果表明,小羽藓属苔藓植物可作为监测上海地区环境重金属污染的良好指示植物.苔藓植物体内重金属含量水平与土壤重金属含量存在一定的相关性,而且也受其他因素的影响.     

Protein indication method in monitoring of pulp mill effluent pollution in Lake Ladoga

The paper presents application of the protein indication method to studies of pollution of Lake Ladoga in the area affected by effluent discharge of the Pitkäranta pulp mill.Analysis of proteins gives new insight into the causes of water quality deterioration in stagnant zones near the mill discharge outlet at Pusunsaari Island. Anomalies in protein concentration coincide spatially with hydrochemical anomalies. Protein anomalies indicate the process of bacterial decomposition of wood fibre accumulated in the stagnant waters, which in turn is reflected in the chemical water quality parameters in the polluted zone.     

Microbiological and Biochemical Investigation of Succession in Lignin-Containing Compost Piles

The investigation of microbiological succession and changes in the enzymatic activity, temperature, pH, and phytotoxicity of lignin during its composting showed that the addition of a starter culture (a specially developed association of microorganisms) affects degradational succession in the compost pile. The process of composting can be monitored either microbiologically or biochemically, by measuring the activity of some enzymes. The compost is ready for use when the activity of oxidoreductases (particularly polyphenol oxidases) falls and the activity of invertase stabilizes at a certain level.