中华卷柏孢子形态的研究及其生态意义

中华卷柏[Selaginella sinensis(Desv.)Spring]为多年生草本植物,主要分布于我国温带地区,一般生长在干旱的岩石上。有关中华卷柏的孢子形态,过去由于缺乏描述,在地层中常常将具疣状纹饰的三缝孢定为凤尾蕨(Pteris)或阴地蕨(Botrychium)孢子,因而在解释古环境时带来一定问题。直到1978年开始的周口店北京猿人化石点综合研究,由孔昭辰等第一次在化石中定名为中华卷柏,并指出中华卷柏孢子曾一度在该地区占孢粉总数的55%和60%,与凤     

中卫山羊核心产地植物群落的数量分类与排序

应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和DCA排序方法,对我国特有裘皮用山羊(中卫山羊)核心产地——宁夏香山地区植物群落进行多元分析,根据TWINSPAN分类结果,并结合生态特征将所调查的28个样地植被分为6组,代表了该山地在海拔、地形、土壤、山坡坡度等环境作用下植被空间的分布格局。TWINSPAN分类结果与DCA排序结果较一致,DCA排序第一轴结果主要体现出海拔和山坡坡度对植被分布的作用,第二轴结果主要体现了地形(坡向)和土壤基质(沙地、石质山坡、土质山坡)对植被分布的作用。影响该干旱山地植被分布的主要环境因子有海拔和山坡的坡度,另外长期过度放牧对植被的空间分布影响较大,导致了该山地系统植被空间结构紊乱,并干扰了群落数量分析结果的准确性。     

苏打盐渍土草原植被群落分布与土壤理化性质相互关系

对羊草、星星草、虎尾草和碱蓬4中植被类型及碱斑裸地下苏打盐渍土0～30 cm剖面的化学和物理性质进行了测定,分析了苏打盐渍土草原植被群落分布与土壤理化性质的相互关系。结果表明:按羊草、星星草、虎尾草、碱蓬和碱斑的排列顺序,苏打盐渍土理化性质不断恶化;0～10 cm剖面的土壤饱和浸提液电导率(EC e),碱化度(ESP)、pH和土壤容重是影响群落分布的决定性因素;植被群落分布情况可以定性反映土壤的盐渍化程度和物理性质;植被生长可以影响盐渍土的理化性质;植被生长改变了土壤剖面ECe和ESP的分布规律,在有植被群落分布的土壤上,ECe和ESP均随剖面深度的增加而升高,而在无植被生长的碱斑地,二者均随剖面深度的增加而降低;植物生长可在一定程度上改善土壤的结构系数和饱和导水率。     

茂兰奇景多

在我国的大西南,贵州高原南部与广西交界的万山丛中,有一块神秘而又奇特的原生性森林,它就是被誉为地球绿色明珠的茂兰喀斯特森林。 喀斯特森林,是指生长在喀斯特(岩溶)地貌上,以碳酸盐岩为着生基岩的一种森林植被。这类地区,即常说的石灰岩地区,绝大部分已没有森林植被覆盖,生态环境十分恶劣,进行人工造林恢复植被亦很困难。但是在茂兰,地表虽也是山坡陡峭、基岩裸露、怪石嶙峋、土壤极少,其上竟生长着2万公顷郁郁葱葱的原生性常绿落叶阔叶混交林,因而又被称为“石头上的森林”。 茂兰的喀斯特地貌十分发育,喀斯特形态多种多     

卷柏的培养与观察

卷柏[Selaginella tamariscina(Beauv.)Spr.]属于蕨类植物门、石松纲、卷柏科,卷柏属。我国南北各地均有分布。生于干山坡,石缝处。干燥时,植物卷缩成团,似枯死状,湿润后又开展复舒,故有长生不死草或九死还魂草之称(图1,本文图见封二)。卷柏可作药用,生用破血,炒用止血。用于治疗咯血、吐血、便血、尿血等病。     

塔里木河下游土壤水分与植被时空变化特征

运用变异系数、Pearson相关和回归的方法,分析了塔里木河下游2002-2006年土壤水分的时空变化和植被的分布,以及二者之间的相互关系。结果表明:土壤含水率水平空间分布随离水源地距离增加而降低,垂直分布随土层深度的增加而增加;0-60cm土壤含水率变异性最小,属中等变异性;60cm以下土壤含水量变异性增大,属强变异性;土壤含水率的时间变化受生态输水量和持续时间的制约。土壤含水率与植被的时空分布具有同步性;植被特征指数与80-280cm土壤含水率显著相关,且二者与地下水埋深均呈现极显著负相关,说明60cm以下的土壤含水率显著影响植被的生长和分布,而且地下水位是影响土壤水分和植被时空变异的主要因素。     

黄土高原归一化植被指数与自然环境因子的空间关联性——基于地理探测器

植被对改善黄土高原脆弱的生态环境有着关键作用,系统研究黄土高原归一化植被指数(NDVI)空间分布和环境因子的空间关联性,可为新时代黄土高原植被高质量建设提供科学依据。以黄土高原2000-2017年年均植被NDVI为研究对象,选取气候要素、地形因素、土壤类型和植被类型等自然环境因子,运用GIS和地理探测器技术手段,在剔除土地利用类型发生变化栅格的基础上,研究黄土高原年均NDVI与环境因子的空间关联性,结果表明:2000-2017年黄土高原年均NDVI值在0.016-0.72之间,呈地带性分布,由西北部向东南部逐渐升高,大于0.3的区域占50.23%;2000-2017年黄土高原年均植被NDVI分布具有空间异质性,且在不同植被区、地貌区、土壤区和气候区中,NDVI空间分布的主要环境驱动因子具有差异性。年均降雨量对NDVI空间分布具有强解释力,是黄土高原85.20%的区域植被生长的主要制约因子;约12.01%的区域主要受土壤类型影响,为中等解释力,其余区域的植被生长主要受年均气温,日照时数或海拔影响。建议综合考虑不同环境条件下植被NDVI的空间分布与环境影响因子的空间关联性,明确不同区域中植被NDVI的环境制约因子,以制约因子定植,在防止土壤干燥化、贫瘠化的前提下,提高植被覆盖率和生物多样性,以期促进黄土高原植被建设高质量发展。     

不同岩溶生态系统土壤及其细菌碳酸酐酶的活性分析及生态意义

对能加速岩溶作用的碳酸酐酶 (CA)的来源及分布进行了研究。测定了采自中国西南 4个不同岩溶地区生态系统土壤样品中的 CA活性 ,结果表明在表层土壤中都能检测到 CA活性 ,且 CA活性在不同岩溶生态系统土壤之间存在明显差异 ,其中植被覆盖率低的六盘水米苏嘎的土壤 CA活性最低 ,而植被种类丰富且生长较好的重庆金佛山和马山弄拉等地土壤 CA活性较高。同一类型岩溶生态系统不同岩溶地形的土壤 CA活性亦存在差异 ,植物根际附近土壤 CA活性较高 ,而且土壤 CA活性呈现明显的垂直分布和季节变化 ,表明植物根系及土壤微生物是土壤 CA的主要来源。同时还筛选了能产 CA的细菌 ,并测定了细胞内和细胞外 CA活性 ,结果表明土壤细菌的细胞内和细胞外 CA活性在具有不同植被状况的弄拉和试验场两种不同岩溶生态系统间具有明显差异。这些都暗示着土壤及其细菌 CA活性与赋予不同地形和植被特征的岩溶生态系统的特性高度相关     

黄土高原退耕草地植被根系动态分布特征

采用土钻法研究了黄土高原不同退耕年限和天然草地植被根系的垂直分布特征.结果表明,样地上不同采样点间的根系分布不存在显著差异,根系指标的合并计算结果可以代表立地上植被根系的分布特征.植被根系生物量、根系长度等指标的垂直分布特征均表现出随着深度增加而减少的趋势;随着退耕年限的增加,植被根系的生物量、根系长度等指标逐渐增加,一般在退耕年限超过20年后,植被根系的分布特征接近天然草地的根系分布特征.随着退耕年限的增加,根系消失系数从0.98逐渐降低到0.96,说明植被在深层土壤中的相对含量逐渐减少,根系逐渐集中在0～40cm的表层土壤中.退耕植被根系分布特征的改善提高了土壤理化性质,有利于新物种入侵和植被演替进行.     

岩溶山区水分时空异质性及植物适应机理研究进展

西南岩溶地区虽然降水充沛,但因具有二元水文结构,地表水大量渗漏、地下水深埋,加上土层浅薄且分布不连续、土壤储水能力低,岩溶干旱严重,水分亏缺仍然是植被恢复重建的关键限制因子。如何有效地进行植被的恢复重建和实现水土资源的协调利用,是该地区石漠化综合治理面临的主要难题。由于地质背景的特殊性、地形地貌的复杂性和生境的高度异质性,岩溶山区水分运移过程与其他类型区显著不同,亟需综合考虑岩性、地形地貌、土壤与岩石分布、植被等因素的影响。在简要介绍岩溶山区土壤-岩石环境特征的基础上,综述了降雨入渗产流规律、水分时空异质性、植物水分来源及适应机理等几个方面的研究进展,探讨了当前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。今后应以大气-植被-土壤-岩石系统为研究对象,将水分运移过程与植物的水分利用方式有机结合,综合运用土壤物理学、生态水文学、植物生理学、岩溶地质学等多学科研究手段,探讨表层岩溶带的水文调节功能及其主要影响因素,揭示坡面、小流域尺度植被与水文过程的相互作用机理,为西南岩溶山区水源涵养型植物群落的优化配置提供科学依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.