Mast cells and inflammation

Mast cells are well known for their role in allergic and anaphylactic reactions, as well as their involvement in acquired and innate immunity. Increasing evidence now implicates mast cells in inflammatory diseases where they are activated by non-allergic triggers, such as neuropeptides and cytokines, often exerting synergistic effects as in the case of IL-33 and neurotensin. Mast cells can also release pro-inflammatory mediators selectively without degranulation. In particular, IL-1 induces selective release of IL-6, while corticotropin-releasing hormone secreted under stress induces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. Many inflammatory diseases involve mast cells in cross-talk with T cells, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, which all worsen by stress. How mast cell differential responses are regulated is still unresolved. Preliminary evidence suggests that mitochondrial function and dynamics control mast cell degranulation, but not selective release. Recent findings also indicate that mast cells have immunomodulatory properties. Understanding selective release of mediators could explain how mast cells participate in numerous diverse biologic processes, and how they exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive actions. Unraveling selective mast cell secretion could also help develop unique mast cell inhibitors with novel therapeutic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.     

牙周-正畸联合治疗对侵袭性牙周炎患者牙周功能和龈沟液TSLP、IL-33的影响及其预后的影响因素研究

摘要 目的：观察牙周-正畸联合治疗对侵袭性牙周炎（AgP）患者牙周功能和龈沟液胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素（TSLP）、白介素-33（IL-33）的影响,并分析其预后的影响因素。方法：选择2017年1月至2021年6月期间我院收治的AgP患者119例,根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组（牙周基础治疗）和联合组（牙周-正畸联合治疗）,例数分别为58例和61例。对比两组患者的牙周功能[牙周袋深度（PD）、牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、临床附着丧失（AL）]和龈沟液TSLP、IL-33水平,根据PD判断联合组患者的预后情况,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果：两组治疗后PD、GI、PLI、AL均较治疗前下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后龈沟液TSLP、IL-33水平均较治疗前下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。61例采用牙周-正畸联合治疗的AgP患者,6个月后复查发现,PD＜4 mm的患者有38例（预后良好组）,PD≥4 mm患者有23例（预后不良组）。单因素分析结果显示,牙周-正畸联合治疗AgP患者的预后与患牙上下/前后分布位置、患牙最深PD值、牙槽骨高度基线值、PLI、根型态异常情况有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：患牙分布位置为下颌牙、根型态存在异常情况、患牙分布位置为前牙、患牙最深PD值偏大、PLI偏高、牙槽骨高度基线值偏高均是牙周-正畸联合治疗AgP患者不良预后的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：与单纯的牙周基础治疗相比,牙周-正畸联合治疗可有效改善AgP患者的临床症状,控制局部炎性反应。同时,患牙上下/前后分布位置、患牙最深PD值、牙槽骨高度基线值、PLI、根型态异常情况均是牙周-正畸联合治疗AgP患者预后的影响因素,需引起临床重视。     

Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 cells varies among mouse models

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