Determination of catalase activity using chromogenic probe involving iso-nicotinicacidhydrazide and pyrocatechol

A biocatalatic pathway involving chromogenic probe has been proposed for the determination of catalase activity by means of iso-nicotinicacidhydrazide (INH) and pyrocatechol (PC). The assay is based on the enzymatic consumption of hydrogen peroxide using INH-PC system. The response of the catalase activity was ascertained by the rate of the reaction involving 14.10 mM H₂O₂. On addition of H₂O₂, INH-PC indicator system formed a chromogenic product with absorbance maxima at 490 nm. Hence the activity of catalase was directly measured by the chromogenic response in the formation of the coupled product. The catalase assay was elaborated by the kinetic response of the INH-PC system. The linearity of the catalase activity and H₂O₂ was in the range 0.2-7.0 units and 1.76-7.0 mM, respectively in 3 ml solution. The catalytic efficiency and catalytic power were calculated. The Michaelis-Menten constant of INH, PC and H₂O₂ were found to be 0.344, 0.176 and 8.82 mM, respectively. The indicator reaction was applied in the determination of catalase activity in mycelia mats and culture media.     

露天矿排土场平台-边坡系统侵蚀形态及径流产沙特征

露天矿排土场平台径流汇集量大且急促,常导致边坡发生强烈沟蚀。排土场平台-边坡系统集中来水条件下的侵蚀过程研究仍十分薄弱。本研究以平台-边坡系统为对象,采用野外放水冲刷试验方法,研究不同放水流量(48、60、72、84 L·min^-1)下系统径流、产沙及侵蚀形态演变规律。结果表明: 48 L·min^-1流量时,平台-边坡系统以细沟侵蚀为主,60～84 L·min^-1流量下系统发育形成切沟。平台、边坡流速随放水历时呈突变-波动-稳定变化趋势,平台流速小于边坡径流流速,减幅为8.3%～67.1%,边坡流速为边坡上/下部最大,较中部增加18.5%～44.6%。平台和边坡产沙率随放水历时呈现突变-波动-稳定3个阶段,边坡产沙率高达平台的17.4倍;平台上细沟侵蚀产沙量占比高达86.6%～95.1%,60～84 L·min^-1流量下边坡切沟侵蚀产沙量占比高达69.2%～86.6%。平台侵蚀沟宽深比大于边坡,边坡宽深比为边坡上部最小,边坡中/下部最大,是边坡上部的1.36～1.93倍,侵蚀沟沿平台至坡脚总体上呈“宽浅-窄深-宽浅”式发展;48 L·min^-1流量下侵蚀主要集中在平台与边坡中部,侵蚀体积占比分别为29.9%、26.8%;60～84 L·min^-1流量时,侵蚀集中在边坡上部,占总侵蚀体积的36.1%～44.7%。结果可为陕北露天矿排土场平台-边坡系统沟蚀防治及侵蚀产沙模型的建立和修正提供参考。     

Anammox反应器启动前后微生物群落结构差异性

接种A^2/O回流污泥启动Anammox-UASB反应器,研究了上升流速对系统脱氮性能影响,利用高通量测序对反应器中微生物群落结构变化进行了研究。结果表明,历时35 d成功启动Anammox反应器。上升流速升高可以明显促进脱氮效果,在最佳上升流速为1.14 m/h时TN去除率达84.74%,去除速率高达0.766 gTN/(L·d)。高通量分析表明,Anammox污泥群落Alpha多样性较接种污泥明显减少,Anammox污泥中的Anammox菌主要为Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Brocadia两个属,同时检测到大量的其他脱氮微生物菌属,系统中这些脱氮微生物的大量增值使系统脱氮能力逐步提高。     

胶州湾大气活性硅酸盐干沉降特征及其生态效应

大气沉降作为陆源物质输送入海的重要途径之一,已成为国际上大气科学、海洋科学与环境科学交叉研究的热点之一。大气中的生源要素沉降入海后可能会对海洋生态系统产生重要影响。基于此,选择我国北方的一个典型海湾——胶州湾,采集了为期一年(2015年6月至2016年5月)的气溶胶总悬浮颗粒物(TSP, Total Suspended Particulate)和干沉降样品,测定了其中活性硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si, Reactive Silicate)的含量,在此基础上分析了大气中SiO_3-Si的浓度、干沉降通量和干沉降速率(V_d, Dry Deposition Velocity),并初步评估了其沉降入海的生态效应。结果表明:胶州湾大气TSP中SiO_3-Si的年均浓度为(1.98±1.22) nmol/m~3,呈夏秋季低,冬春季高的显著季节分布特征。大气SiO_3-Si浓度由青岛沿岸至黄、东海呈明显下降梯度,结合相关性分析,表明亚洲沙尘的远距离传输和矿物尘土再悬浮是中国东部陆架边缘海大气SiO_3-Si的主要来源。胶州湾气溶胶SiO_3-Si干沉降通量为8.48 mmol m~(-2) a~(-1),沉降负荷达87.8 t/a,显著高于同期湿沉降,可占胶州湾SiO_3-Si外源输入(包括干湿沉降和河流输入)的10.3%,表明干沉降是胶州湾SiO_3-Si的重要输入源之一。干沉降中较低的Si:N摩尔比(0.16±0.22)暗示大气干沉降可能是导致较长时间以来胶州湾水体Si限制的一个重要潜在因素,根据Redfield比值估算干沉降带来的SiO_3-Si输入可以支持674 mg C m~(-2) a~(-1)的新生产力,可占胶州湾新生产力的5.3%,表明大气SiO_3-Si的干沉降会对胶州湾生态系统产生一定影响。本研究系统解析了胶州湾大气SiO_3-Si的干沉降特征,首次评估了气溶胶SiO_3-Si的干沉降负荷在胶州湾外源输入中的重要性,对深入理解近海Si的生物地球化学循环过程具有重要意义。     

Reproducibility of muscle fibre conduction velocity during linearly increasing force contractions

Muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) is a basic physiological parameter biophysically related to the diameter of muscle fibres and properties of the sarcolemma. The aim of this study was to assess the intersession reproducibility of the relation between voluntary force and estimates of average muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) from multichannel high-density surface electromyographic recordings (HDsEMG). Ten healthy men performed six linearly increasing isometric ankle dorsiflexions on two separate experimental sessions, 4 weeks apart. Each session involved the recordings of voluntary force during maximal isometric (MViF) and submaximal ramp contractions at 35–50–70% of MViF. Concurrently, the HDsEMG activity was detected from the tibialis anterior muscle and MFCV estimates were derived in 250-ms epochs. Absolute and relative reproducibility of MFCV initial value (intercept) and rate of change (regression slope) as a function of force were assessed by within-subject coefficient of correlation (CV_w) and with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). MFCV was positively correlated with voluntary force (R² = 0.75 ± 0.12) in all individuals and test conditions (P < 0.001). Average CV_w for MFCV intercept and slope were of 2.6 ± 2.0% and 11.9 ± 3.2% and ICC values of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively.Overall, MFCV regression coefficients showed a high degree of intersession reproducibility in both absolute and relative terms. These results may have important practical implications in the tracking of training-induced neuromuscular changes and/or in the monitoring of the progress of neuromuscular disorders when a full sEMG signal decomposition is problematic or not possible.     

Amyloid beta在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Amyloid beta(Aβ)在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中的表达及意义。方法:2017年9月到2019年5月选择在本院诊治的湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者72例(72眼),检测血清Aβ含量,调查患者的一般资料、临床特征并进行相关性分析。结果:在72例患者中,平均血清Aβ含量为203.29±14.29 ng/mL,其中Aβ含量≥180 ng/mL 40例。Aβ阳性组的脉络膜厚度显著高于Aβ阴性组(P0.05)。Aβ阳性组的患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度都显著低于Aβ阴性组(P0.05)。Aβ阳性组的的性别、年龄、眼压、血压、体重指数、病程等与Aβ阴性组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。直线相关性分析显示血清Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度、患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度都有显著相关性(P0.05),其中Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度呈正相关(r=0.566,P=0.003),Aβ含量与患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度呈负相关(r=-0.673,P=0.000;r=-0.455,P=0.010)。结论:Aβ在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中多呈现高表达状况,血清Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度、患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度相关,从而影响患者病情的进展。     

The climate velocity of the contiguous United States during the 20th century

Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on‐going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916–2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate‐driven species range shifts during the 20th century.     

抑郁症患者经颅多普勒检测的对照分析

目的:分析并探讨抑郁症患者经颅多普勒(TCD)检测指标,为临床治疗提供借鉴.方法:选取我院2011年10月-2012年10月收治抑郁症患者120例,设为观察组,以同期健康正常人120例设为对照组,均行经颅多普勒检测,比较两组双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎-基底动脉(VA-BA)等血流速度及搏动指数(pI)、阻力指数(RI).结果:观察组患者双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)及大脑后动脉(P口CA)血流速度均明显高于对照组,而椎、基底动脉(VA-BA)血流速度明显低于对照组,组间比较差异显著(P＜0.05);对照组和观察组患者双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎-基底动脉(VA-BA)搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)均处于正常范围内(0.6-1.0);另外,根据HAMD量表观察组抑郁程度,随着抑郁程度增强,双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、前动脉(ACA)及后动脉(PCA)的血流速度逐渐增大,上述各值差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:经颅多普勒检测出抑郁症患者的脑血流较正常人脑血流显著加快,且与抑郁的严重程度相关联,经颅多普勒监测抑郁症患者的脑血流变化,可以作为抑郁症患者的常规检查,为临床的治疗及诊断提供线索.     

Thapsigargin triggers cardiac contractile dysfunction via NADPH oxidase-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction: Role of Akt dephosphorylation

ER stress triggers myocardial contractile dysfunction although the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Given that NADPH oxidase was recently implicated in ER stress-induced tissue injury, this study was designed to examine the role of NADPH oxidase in ER stress-induced cardiac mechanical defects and the impact of Akt activation on ER stress-induced cardiac anomalies. Wild-type and transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of an active mutant of Akt (MyAkt) were subjected to the ER stress inducer thapsigargin (1 and 3 mg/kg, ip, for 48 h). Thapsigargin compromised echocardiographic parameters, including elevating LVESD and reducing fractional shortening; suppressed cardiomyocyte contractile function, intracellular Ca²⁺ handling, and cell survival; and enhanced carbonyl formation, apoptosis, superoxide production, NADPH oxidase expression, and mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, these anomalies were attenuated or mitigated by chronic Akt activation. Treatment with thapsigargin also dephosphorylated Akt and its downstream signal GSK3β (leading to activation of GSK3β), the effect of which was abrogated in MyAkt hearts. Knockdown of the cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase, p47^phox, using siRNA abrogated thapsigargin-induced apoptosis and cell death in H9C2 myoblasts. In vitro exposure to thapsigargin induced murine cardiomyocyte dysfunction reminiscent of the in vivo setting, the effects of which were ablated by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake inhibitor Ru360. In addition, apocynin abrogated thapsigargin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability transition pore opening, similar to chronic Akt activation. In summary, these data suggest that ER stress interrupts cardiac contractile and intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis, cell survival, and mitochondrial integrity through an Akt dephosphorylation- and NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism.     

一种测定葡萄木质部压力梯度的新方法

通过同时测定葡萄木质部导管液流平均流量和流速,应用变形的哈根-泊萧叶方程,研究了测定葡萄木质部压力梯度的新方法。结果表明,在直径分别为7mm的葡萄茎段和4mm的葡萄叶柄上,用此新方法测得的木质部压力梯度与实际加在其上的压力梯度吻合的很好,说明此新方法可用于连续、实时测定葡萄木质部压力梯度。用此新方法在离体葡萄枝上测定发现,随光照强度增强,其木质部压力梯度成线性正相关增加。