高血压病患者的经颅多普勒血管检测及其临床意义

目的探究经颅多普勒血管检测在高血压患者中的应用。方法选择自2013年6月-2015年12月来我院就诊的207例高血压患者作为观察组,将同期来院就诊的61例无高血压患者作为对照组,所有患者均进行经颅多普勒血管检测,对脑动脉血流动力学情况进行分析。结果观察组与对照组患者双侧MCA及BA血液运动参数平均血流速度,峰值流速及舒张期末流速、动指数、搏动指数相对比,前三者观察组低于对照组,后两者观察组高于对照组,P0.05。结论给予高血压患者经颅多普勒(TCD)检测,可将患者脑部血流动力学的状况以及基本的病理改变能够明确的反映出来,有利于进一步的诊疗,值得推广。     

高血压颅内肿瘤患者预防性吸入七氟醚术中脑血流及颅内压变化分析

摘要 目的：分析高血压颅内肿瘤患者预防性吸入七氟醚术中脑血流及颅内压变化情况。方法：选取2018年8月至2019年8月我院收治的80例高血压颅内肿瘤患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,对照组40例,给予丙泊酚维持麻醉;研究组40例,给予七氟醚维持麻醉,观察两组患者的脑血流及颅内压变化情况。结果：1）两组患者大脑前动脉（anteriorcerebral artery,ACA）、大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）、大脑后动脉（posterior cerebral artery,PCA）血流动力学指标比较,麻醉前（T0）阻力指数（resistance Index,RI）和时间平均流速（the average velocity,Vm）差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);诱导麻醉（T1）、维持麻醉（T2）、手术结束（T3）时间点RI和Vm比较,研究组均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);2）两组患者麻醉前颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3时间点,两组患者ICP进行比较,研究组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：预防性吸入七氟醚对于高血压颅内肿瘤患者术中能够维持脑血流稳定,同时降低患者的颅内压,使患者深度麻醉,避免术中一些风险事件的发生,具有很好的临床意义,值得推广和应用。     

苓桂术甘汤联合电针风池供血穴治疗椎基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的临床研究

目的:探讨苓桂术甘汤联合电针风池供血穴治疗椎基底动脉供血不足(VBI)性眩晕的临床疗效。方法:选择2017年11月-2019年8月我院收治的VBI性眩晕患者145例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成联合组(75例)和对照组(70例)。在基础治疗的前提下,联合组采用苓桂术甘汤联合电针风池供血穴治疗,对照组采用西比灵治疗。比较两组临床疗效、眩晕改善情况、脑动脉血流速度指标、动脉硬化指数(AI)以及血液流变学指标。结果:治疗后联合组总有效率为89.33%,高于对照组的75.71%(P<0.05);治疗后联合组眩晕症状积分、欧洲眩晕评分量表(EEV)评分和眩晕障碍量表(DHI)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组治疗后左侧动脉、基底动脉峰值流速(Vp)、左右侧动脉、基底动脉平均血流速度(Vm)均高于对照组,左侧动脉、基底动脉血管搏动指数(PI)、右侧动脉血管阻力指数(RI)、AI、高切全血黏度、中切全血黏度、低切全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:苓桂术甘汤联合电针风池供血穴治疗VBI性眩晕,能够缓解患者的眩晕状况,疗效确切,改善脑动脉血流速度和脑动脉硬化程度,降低血液黏度。     

帕金森病合并抑郁与脑血流灌注的关系及经颅磁刺激的影响

目的：应用CT灌注成像技术观察帕金森病合并抑郁患者局灶脑血流灌注的特点,进一步探讨抑郁症发生与脑血流的关系.方法：将41例帕金森患者根据是否合并抑郁症分为帕金森病组22例、帕金森病合并抑郁症者为抑郁组19例、其中抑郁组分为经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗前组、治疗后组,3组均进行CT局部脑血流灌注显像,半定量分析各脑区血流灌注情况.结果：帕金森合并抑郁症组患者双侧额叶、颞叶和基底节的脑血流量测定（CBF）较帕金森病组显著下降（P＜0.05）;抑郁组左、右侧脑血流低灌注存在不对称性,左侧额叶、顶叶的CBF较右侧显著下降（P＜0.01）;rTMS治疗后脑血流灌注较治疗前改善,HAMD评分改善（P＜0.05）.结论：帕金森患者存在局灶性脑血流灌注降低,合并抑郁症患者额、顶叶下降更明显,经颅磁刺激治疗后脑血流低灌注改善.     

基于卒中登记的颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的:研究基于卒中登记的颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,a SAH)的颅脑血流动力学改变及其对诊断治疗的指导作用。方法:采用回顾性研究经卒中登记系统筛选出48例经DSA(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)确诊的a SAH,收集患者床旁经颅多普勒(transcranial Doppler,TCD)监测大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)的动脉平均峰值流速(mean blood velocity,Vm)、搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)、阻力指数(resistance index,RI),自身健侧作为正常对照,均采用血管内介入治疗,对其中符合脑血管痉挛(cerebral vasospasm,CVS)诊断标准的患者使用尼莫地平进行治疗,观察疗效。结果:与健侧相比,患侧PI、RI增大,Vd、Vm减小,其中以Vd减小较明显,与健侧相比有统计学差异(P0.01),Vs与健侧相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。CVS组与非CVS组相比Vm明显增加,有统计学差异(P0.001)。所有患者经水膨胀弹簧圈或支架预后均得到改善。结论:床旁实时TCD监测能反映a SAH脑血流变化,对CVS进行及时解除痉挛治疗,并为介入治疗提供参考依据,颅脑血流实时监测和介入治疗综合运用提高了a SAH患者的治疗效果。     

小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型稳定性研究

目的:探讨影响小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型成功率,梗死体积以及行为学评分稳定性的因素。方法:采用昆明小鼠75只,体重为20-23 g,随机分为5组,比较在不同长度的线栓以及不同进栓深度的条件下对小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型成功率,梗死体积以及行为学评分的稳定性的影响。同时术中行脑血流监测,比较各组小鼠大脑中动脉脑血流下降的差异。结果:规格1组,模型成功率为40%,梗死体积为(16.7±9.3)%,神经功能缺损评分(NSS):7.2±2.4,大脑中动脉(MCA)血流下降百分比:(86.9±4.2)%;规格2组,模型成功率为46.7%,梗死体积百分比为(19.2±11.6)%,NSS:8.8±2.5,MCA血流下降百分比:(87.4±3.8)%;规格3组,模型成功率为33.3%,梗死体积百分比为(16.6±9.6)%,NSS:8.2±2.6,MCA血流下降百分比:(88.3±3.4)%;规格4组,模型成功率为86.7%,梗死体积百分比为(23.4±2.2)%,NSS:13.9±1.3,MCA血流下降百分比:(87.5±3.5)%。结论:1.小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型稳定性关键因素在于线栓能对后交通动脉(PComA)和大脑前动脉(ACA)起始段形成有效栓塞。2.小鼠大脑中动脉血流监测并不能作为评价小鼠脑缺血再管注模型成功与否的主要依据。     

经颅多普勒超声对椎—基底动脉缺血性眩晕的应用研究

经颅多普勒超声(TCD)是一种非创伤性检测颅内血管血流变化的方法。中老年椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕(VBI)客观证据少,主观症状多,神经系统检查及头颅CT、     

老年急性脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄的分布及其危险因素研究

目的:探讨老年急性脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄的分布及其危险因素。方法:对150例老年急性脑梗死患者及144例对照组人群进行经颅多普勒超声和血压、血脂、血糖、吸烟饮酒史、心脑血管病家族史进行收集。结果:研究组颅内动脉狭窄检出率(42.0%)高于对照组(13.9%)(P0.05),颅内动脉狭窄分布为MCA 41.3%、TICA 31.7%、VA 14.3%、ACA 9.5%、BA 6.3%、PCA4.8%。血脂异常、长期吸烟、长期饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、心脑血管病家族史、胆红素、尿酸以及C反应蛋白与颅内动脉狭窄相关。结论:关注颅内动脉狭窄及其危险因素对老年急性脑梗死患者非常重要,控制危险因素是医务工作者的重要工作。     

产前超声孕妇血流动力学血流参数监测对中晚期胎儿宫内生长受限临床意义分析

摘要 目的：通过监测产前彩色多普勒超声心动图子宫动脉、脐动脉和大脑中动脉的血流参数,进而分析其在中晚期宫内胎儿生长受限（FGR）的临床意义。方法：以我院2020年1月-2021年12月就诊的中晚期孕妇为研究对象,其中110例为孕晚期FGR孕妇,60例为孕晚期健康孕妇,分别记录为FGR组（n=110）和对照组（n=60）,用彩色多普勒超声监测两组孕晚期孕妇的多血管（子宫动脉、脐动脉和大脑中动脉）的3个血流参数,对比两组之间血流参数的差异性;并根据Apgar评分,比较不同Apgar评分下的血流参数差异,分析子宫动脉、脐动脉和大脑中动脉的3个血流参数与宫内FGR的相关性。结果：（1）FGR组胎儿子宫动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）FGR组胎儿脐动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）FGR组胎儿大脑中动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;（4）Apgar≤7分组子宫动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）显著高于Apgar＞7分组,Apgar≤7分组脐动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）显著高于Apgar＞7分组,Apgar≤7分组大脑中动脉的3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）显著低于Apgar＞7分组。结论：彩色多普勒超声心动图子宫动脉、脐动脉、大脑中动脉3个血流参数（RI、PI、S/D）异常与FGR的发生密切相关,为临床筛查和诊断FGR提供有用帮助。     

孕妇UtA与胎儿UmA和MCA测量在胎儿宫内窘迫诊断中的价值

目的:探讨胎儿大脑中动脉(Middle cerebral artery,MCA)与脐动脉(umbilical artery,UmA)和孕妇子宫动脉(uterine artery,UtA)测量诊断胎儿宫内窘迫的临床价值。方法:将我院自2017年1月至2019年1月间收治的孕晚期发生胎儿宫内窘迫的孕妇80例作为研究组,选择同期入院各项指标正常的健康孕妇78例作为对照组,对比观察两组胎儿MCA与UmA和孕妇UtA预测胎儿窘迫的价值及胎儿MCA与UmA与新生儿Apgar评分的相关性。结果:研究组孕妇UtA血流参数脐血流搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)、脐血流阻力指数(resistance index,RI)和收缩/舒张比(systole/diastole ratios,S/D)指标水平均明显高于对照组,研究组胎儿MCA血流参数PI、S/D均明显低于对照组,研究组患儿UmA的血流参数PI和S/D高于对照组(P<0.05),RI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组新生儿Apgar评分≤7分的比例为40.00%,明显高于对照组15.38%。研究组UmA-PI、UmA-RI和UmA-S/D随着Apgar评分的降低呈现升高的趋势,MCA-PI、MCA-S/D和MCA-S/D随着Apgar评分的降低呈现逐渐减低的趋势。UtA血流参数联合MCA血流参数诊断胎儿宫内窘迫的敏感度为97.50%,特异性为96.25%,均明显高于各项参数单独诊断在的敏感度和特异性(P<0.05)。结论:临床可利用孕晚期孕妇UtA、胎儿UmA和MCA的血流动力学参数改变来预测胎儿宫内窘迫发生的几率,根据胎儿UmA和MCA的血流指标随着Apgar评分的变化趋势,可指导临床早期干预,降低胎儿出生缺陷和死亡率,临床价值较高,可推广使用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。