Determination of species-area relationships and minimum sampling area for the shrub communities in the arid valley in the upper reach of the Minjiang River, China

The minimum sampling areas (MSAs) for the shrub communities in the arid valley in the upper reach of the Minjiang River, China, were studied by fitting community species-area relationships using 3 types of equations. The MSAs were determined at the proportional factor (ρ) 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The proportional factors represent the proportion of the number of species within a sampling plot in the total number of species. The MSAs of the shrub communities at different elevations and on different slope faces for ρ = 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were all around 100 m². Hence, the MSAs could be set to be 100 m² (10 m × 10 m) at 60%–80% precision levels. For ρ = 0.9, that is, for a 90% precision level, the MSAs were less than 200 m² (10 m × 20 m). The MSAs and species richness increased gradually with the rising elevation. At the elevation below 2000 m, the MSAs and species richness on the north-facing slope were larger than those on the south-facing slope. However, at the elevation around 2200 m, there was no difference amongst different facing slopes. For the shrub communities in the arid valley in the upper reach of the Minjiang River, the species-area curves by fitting the first two equations are better than that by fitting the third equation.     

乌兰布和沙漠灌木种群空间格局研究

应用地统计学中半方差函数,研究了内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠主要4种灌木种群的空间格局。在巴彦高勒镇西南设置一个1 000 m×1 000 m的样方,将样方划分为1 600个25 m×25 m的格子,记录各格子内出现的物种及其平均冠幅。运用地统计软件GS+for Windows计算样地各灌木种群的各向同性半方差函数的参数,并绘制其克立格(Kriging)图。从各向同性的半方差模型的参数来看,柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）属于聚集性分布的球型模型,其空间结构比率高,这表明在这一地区柽柳的冠幅分布变化较小,25 m的抽样步长合适;而白刺（Nitraria tangtorum）属于聚集性分布的指数模型,其空间结构比率比较低。本研究成果为沙漠地区植被的抽样调查提供了基础。     

花灌木种质资源及其遗传多样性研究

综述了国内外关于花灌木种质资源在形态学、细胞学、酶、DNA等水平的多样性研究,探讨了目前花灌木种质资源遗传多样性研究中存在的一些问题和建议。     

天山林区雪岭云杉和异果小檗夏季水分来源

天山雪岭云杉针叶林内乔灌木水分利用模式尚不明确,水分利用动态缺乏定量分析。本研究对雪岭云杉和伴生灌木异果小檗茎杆木质部水及各潜在水源的氢氧稳定同位素组成进行测定,运用IsoSource模型定量分析两树种夏季对各潜在水源的相对利用比例。结果表明: 7月,土壤含水量充足时,雪岭云杉和异果小檗主要吸收利用60 cm以上土壤水,相对利用比例分别为73.8%和63.2%。8月,土壤含水量相对较低时,雪岭云杉水分来源保持稳定,对60 cm以上土壤水的相对利用比例为69.5%;异果小檗则转换至利用更深层的水源,对0～20 cm浅层土壤水的相对利用比例降至14.3%,主要吸收利用中层(20～60 cm)和深层(60～100 cm)土壤水,相对利用比例为67.7%。9月,随着0～20 cm浅层土壤含水量升高,两树种恢复对浅层土壤水的吸收利用,相对利用比例达95.0%。综上,雪岭云杉表现出典型的浅根系特征,其吸收利用的水源主要来自浅层土壤水;异果小檗则能够在0～100 cm的土壤各层吸收利用水分,同时随土壤含水量的变化灵活转换其水源,从而应对环境水分变异。     

生态恢复中灌丛保育效应研究进展

灌木作为干旱半干旱地区植被的主要组成部分,对于维持生态系统稳定性和发挥生态服务功能具有重要作用。灌丛保育效应可以减轻限制性因子对目标植物生长和繁殖的不利影响,促进退化生境植物物种自然更新和植被恢复。本文综述了近20年有关灌丛保育效应研究和应用的主要成果,从微生境改善、肥岛形成、防御和抵抗作用发挥、有益微生物引入和协助繁殖体传播或保存以及种间竞争网络格局改变等方面阐述灌丛保育效应的促进机制,并从非生物环境、生物干扰、生活史阶段和生长繁殖策略等方面分析影响灌丛保育效应发挥的关键因素。从完善灌丛保育效应的理论机制和开展多因素共同作用下多植物物种相互作用关系模型构建角度,对灌丛保育效应的研究进行了展望。     

基于地理探测器的宁夏贺兰山植被覆盖度时空分异及驱动因子

监测区域植被覆盖变化并分析其驱动因子,有利于实现生态环境的可持续发展。本研究以1989—2021年Landsat 5/8遥感影像为数据源,利用像元二分模型获取宁夏贺兰山植被覆盖度,基于地理探测器量化了环境和人为等10个因子对其时空分布的影响。结果表明: 1989—2021年间,宁夏贺兰山平均植被覆盖度为35.8%,时间尺度上总体呈增加趋势,平均增幅为0.043·(10 a)^-1,空间尺度上呈现从西南向东北递减的分布特征;研究区58.1%的区域植被覆盖度未来将持续性改善,但仍有30.7%的植被存在退化的潜在风险。降水是影响植被分布的主要环境因子,与单因子相比,环境因子和人为因子的交互作用对植被覆盖度的解释力更强,降水与其他因子的交互作用处于主导作用。     

Genome physical mapping with large-insert bacterial clones by fingerprint analysis: methodologies, source clone genome coverage, and contig map quality

Genome physical mapping with large-insert clones by fingerprint analysis is becoming an active area of genomics research. Here, we report two new capillary electrophoresis-based fingerprinting methods for genome physical mapping and the effects of different fingerprinting methods and source clone genome coverage on quality physical map construction revealed by computer simulations and laboratory experiments. It was shown that the manual sequencing gel-based two-enzyme fingerprinting method consistently generated larger and more accurate contigs, followed by the new capillary electrophoresis-based three-enzyme method, the new capillary electrophoresis-based five-enzyme (SNaPshot) method, the agarose gel-based one-enzyme method, and the automatic sequencing gel-based four-enzyme method, in descending order, when 1% or fewer questionable clones were allowed. Analysis of clones equivalent to 5x, 8x, 10x, and 15x genomes using the fingerprinting methods revealed that as the number of clones increased from 5x to 10x, the contig length rapidly increased for all methods. However, when the number of clones was increased from 10x to 15x coverage, the contig length at best increased at a lower rate or even decreased. The results will provide useful knowledge and strategies for effective construction of quality genome physical maps for advanced genomics research.     

桐粮间作林带的配置方式与农作物产量关系的研究

以桐粮间作为例,研究了林带的不同配置结构、林带冠覆盖率及小麦产量之间的关系。结果表明,林带距（Ｘｄ）、小麦相对产量（Ｙ）及间作年（Ａ）之间的关系为：Ｙ＝９０．３２９０－１．９９８２Ａ＋１．１９２４Ｘｄ－０．３３４９Ａ＾２＋０．２９１０ＡＸｄ－０．００３２ＡＸｄ＾２;林带冠覆盖率（Ｘｃ）与小麦相对产量（Ｙ）之间的关系为：Ｙ＝－０．０４６Ｘｃ＾２＋１．１５３９Ｘｃ＋９８．１７３（Ｘｃ≤２８％）,Ｙ＝ｅ     

不同栽培模式黄山药新根茎生长量的比较研究

本文研究了3种栽培模式(农业栽培模式、苹果园栽培模式和灌丛林带栽培模式)对黄山药新根茎生长量的影响,分析了3种模式的利弊和规模化发展黄山药的可能性,为多途径规模化发展黄山药提供了理论依据和技术范例。