The electronic structure of the C2H4O···2HF tri-molecular heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded complex: a theoretical study

The geometries of three isomers of the C₂H₄O···2HF tri-molecular heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded complex were examined through B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations. Analysis of structural parameters, determination of CHELPG (charge electrostatic potential grid) intermolecular charge transfer, interpretation of infrared stretching modes, and Bader’s atoms in molecules (AIM) theory calculations was carried out in order to characterize the hydrogen bonds in each isomer of the C₂H₄O···2HF complex. The most stable structure was determined through the identification of hydrogen bonds between C₂H₄O and HF, (O···H), as well as in the hydrofluoric acid dimer, (HF^D–R···HF^D). However, the existence of a tertiary interaction (F^λ···H^α) between the fluoride of the second hydrofluoric acid and the axial hydrogen atoms of C₂H₄O was decisive in the identification of the preferred configuration of the C₂H₄O···2HF system. Figure Geometries of three isomers of the C₂H₄O···2HF tri-molecular heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded complex     

红托竹荪菌托多糖的提取及抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

红托竹荪菌托经热水提取、酒精沉淀、脱蛋白后的粗多糖,其得率远大于其菌丝体和子实体的其他部位及香菇子实体.菌托粗多糖进一步用DEAE纤维素柱和Sephadex G-75分离纯化,得到两个组分DRVP1与DRVP2,对分离得到的主要多糖通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)等进行结构分析.DRVP1的相对分子质量(Mr)为1.47×104,红外光谱数据显示为β-型甘露糖苷.体外试验表明,红托竹荪菌托多糖的组分DRVP1对小鼠S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用.     

Complementary impact of copepods and cladocerans on phytoplankton

The differences in the impact of two major groups of herbivorous zooplankton (Cladocera and Copepoda) on summer phytoplankton in a mesotrophic lake were studied. Field experiments were performed in which phytoplankton were exposed to different densities of two major types of herbivorous zooplankton, cladocerans and copepods. Contrary to expectation, neither of the two zooplankton groups significantly reduced phytoplankton biomass. However, there were strong and contrasting impacts on phytoplankton size structure and on individual taxa. Cladocerans suppressed small phytoplankton, while copepods suppressed large phytoplankton. The unaffected size classes compensated for the loss of those affected by enhanced growth. After contamination of the copepod mesocosms with the cladoceran Daphnia , the combined impact of both zooplankton groups caused a decline in total phytoplankton biomass.     

Cellular determinants of the mutational specificity of 1-nitroso-6-nitropyrene and 1-nitroso-8-nitropyrene in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli

We have characterized 202 lacI⁻ mutations, and 158 dominant lacI^−d mutations following treatment of Escherichia coli strains NR6112 and EE125 with 1-nitroso-6-nitropyrene (1,6-NONP), an activated metabolite of the carcinogen 1,6-dinitropyrene. In all, 91% of the induced point mutations occurred at G:C residues. The −(G:C) frameshifts were the dominant mutational class in the lacI⁻ collections of both NR6112 and EE125, and in the lacI^−d collection of NR6112. Frameshift mutations occurred preferentially in runs of guanine residues, and their frequency increased with the length of the reiterated sequence. In strain EE125, which contained the plasmid pKM101, there was a marked stimulation in the frequency of base substitution mutations that was particularly apparent in the lacI^−d collection. This study completes a comprehensive analysis of 1194 lacI⁻ and 348 lacI^−d mutations induced by either 1,6-NONP or its positional isomer 1-nitroso-8-nitropyrene (1,8-NONP) in strains of E. coli that differ with regard to their ability to carry out nucleotide excision repair and/or their ability to express the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase RI (MucAB) encoded by plasmid pKM101. Among the mutations are 763 frameshift mutations, 367 base substitutions and 47 deletions; these mutations have been characterized at more than 300 distinct sites in the lacI gene. Our studies provide detailed insight into the DNA sequence alterations and mutational mechanisms associated with dinitropyrene mutagenesis. We review the mutational spectra, and discuss cellular lesion repair or tolerance mechanisms that modulate the observed mutational specificity.     

菌紫质D96N样品的光暗适应型及其转化机制

通过对菌紫质D96N基因突变形成的薄膜样品在光照下动态光谱的测定和分析,研究了此样品的光适应型、暗适应型特性及其之间的转化机制。实验证实,样品受光照激发后很快从暗适应型（D态）光适应型（B态）进入光循环,经过一系列的光化学中间体到边较稳定的M态。M态经过约1小时热驰豫完全回到光适应型B态,B态再经过24小时缓慢热驰豫完全回到暗适应型D态。B态受光则进入光循环,不受光则转化为D态,从而认为B态是菌紫质光循环路径中一个重要的分支节点。据此,提出了该样品在光照下B,D和M态之间转化的模型。     

双斑蟋鸣声特征与行为关系的初步研究

利用计算机声分析技术对双斑蟋（Gryllus bimaculatus 1773)的召唤声、不同性比的求偶声和争斗声的结构、频谱与时域特征进行比较,以探讨鸣声特征与行为的关系。结果表明：①3种鸣声的脉冲时间长度（PL）、脉冲时间间隔（IPI）、每个脉冲群（PG）的脉冲数（PN）、声脉冲组合形态和密度等基本相同。这些特征参数较为稳定,为种间鉴别因子,其中以IPI为最。②节奏（Rh)、声长（SL）、间歇（IT）特征与蟋蟀的社会活动和个体活动有密切联系。从雄性单独生活时的召唤声到有雌性存在时的求偶声,每个节奏中的音节数逐渐增加,从单音节、双音节到多音节;SL、IT呈下降趋势。不同性比条件下,雄性数量明显影响鸣声特征。雄性数目增加,Rh、SL呈上升趋势;IT呈下降趋势。不同比例的雌性对雄性鸣声的影响无明显规律。③鸣声的频谱与时域呈一定对应关系。召唤声、求偶声和争斗声的脉冲能量主要集中在1个能量区上,表现出种的同一性。     

K型小麦细胞质雄性不育系育性恢复基因的RAPD和ISSR标记(英文)

利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对K型小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)雄性不育恢复系LK783的主效恢复基因进行了标记定位。以K冀 5 418A/ / 9112 89/LK783三交F1分离群体的极端不育株和极端可育株分别建立保持池和恢复池 ,利用 418个RAPD和 33个ISSR引物对两池间的多态性进行了研究。分析表明RAPD引物OPK18和ISSR引物UBC_845在两池间扩增出稳定的多态性差异 ,在分离群体上的验证结果表明LK783的育性恢复基因与两个引物的扩增位点有连锁关系 ,在染色体上位于两个引物的扩增位点之间 ,与OPK184 50 的遗传距离为 (15 .0 7± 6 .2 8)cM (cen tiMorgan) ,与UBC_845 80 0 的遗传距离为 (8.2 0± 4.85 )cM。这两个引物可应用于对育性恢复基因的标记辅助选择。最后 ,利用中国春缺体_四体系和双端体系进一步将UBC_845 80 0 定位于 1BS ,表明LK783的育性恢复基因也位于 1BS。     

Effect of 10-aza-substitution on benzo[a]pyrene mutagenicity in vivo and in vitro

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an environmental carcinogen, shows genotoxicity after metabolic transformation into the bay-region diol epoxide, BaP-7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide. 10-Azabenzo[a]pyrene (10-azaBaP), in which a ring nitrogen is located in the bay-region, is also a carcinogen and shows mutagenicity in the Ames test in the presence of the rat liver microsomal enzymes. In order to evaluate the effect of aza-substitution on in vivo genotoxicity, BaP and 10-azaBaP were assayed for their in vivo mutagenicity using the lacZ-transgenic mouse (Muta™Mouse). BaP was potently mutagenic in all of the organs examined (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, forestomach, stomach, colon, and bone marrow), as described in our previous report, whereas, 10-azaBaP was slightly mutagenic only in the liver and colon. The in vitro mutagenicities of BaP and 10-azaBaP were evaluated by the Ames test using liver homogenates prepared from several sources, i.e. CYP1A-inducer-treated rats, CYP1A-inducer-treated and non-treated mice, and humans. BaP showed greater mutagenicities than 10-azaBaP in the presence of a liver homogenate prepared from CYP1A-inducer-treated rodents. However, 10-azaBaP showed mutagenicities similar to or more potent than BaP in the presence of a liver homogenate or S9 from non-treated mice and humans. These results indicate that 10-aza-substitution markedly modifies the nature of mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in both in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis assays.     

量子点在生命科学中的应用

近年来 ,量子点 (半导体纳米微晶体 )的研究引起国内外研究者的广泛兴趣 ,其研究内容涉及物理、化学、材料等多学科 ,已成为一门新兴的交叉学科。虽然量子点在生物学中的应用才刚刚起步 ,但是已经取得了有意义的进展 ,成为人们极为注意的一个热点。现就量子点的光学特性、制备方法以及在生物学中的研究进展和应用前景作一简要综述