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71.
Annual gross primary productivity in mesotrophic Shahidullah Hall pond (Dhaka, Bangladesh) was 1383.35 g C m−2 y−1 (arithmetic mean). Daily primary productivity (between 1.6 and 6.8 g C m−2 d−1 was correlated with chlorophylla, day length and dissolved silica. Chlorophylla related significantly withk, incident light, SRP, alkalinity and conductivity. A negative correlation existed between biomass and rainfall. Productivity,
biomass, conductivity, alkalinity, and SRP increased after mid-winter.k, I
k
andZ
eu varied according seasonally.P
max related directly with temperature. Seasonal variation of ∝
B
was 0.0049–0.0258 mg C (mg chla mmol PAR)−1 m−2. Q10 was 2.12, community respiration 1334.99 g C m−2 y−1, and the underwater light climate 186.43μE m−2 s−1. 相似文献
72.
Dynamics and distribution of microphytobenthic chlorophyll-a in the Western Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of microphytobenthic chlorophyll-a in the layer 0–1 cm were determined in the Western Scheldt estuary over the period 1991–1992. Connections between the annually averaged benthic chlorophyll-a and station elevation and sediment composition (as a measure of the hydrodynamic energy caused by currents and waves) were also examined.Microphytobenthic chlorophyll-a showed one main peak in early summer and a smaller peak in autumn. The mean chlorophyll-a concentration of 113 mg Chl-a m–2 in the upper centimeter is of the same order of magnitude as in other estuarine areas. The average annual primary production of the microphytobenthos has been estimated at 136 g C m–2 y–1 The primary production of sediment inhabiting microalgae is at least 17% of the total primary production in the estuary.Considerable differences in annually averaged chlorophyll-a emerges between the stations. These differences are related mainly to the interaction between station elevation and clay content of the sediment. 相似文献
73.
Zooplankton as a compound mineralising and synthesizing system: phosphorus excretion 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Data on phosphate excretion rates of zooplankton are based on measurements using the pelagic crustacean zooplankton of Lake Vechten and laboratory-cultured Daphnia galeata. In case of Daphnia sp we measured the effects of feeding on P-rich algae and P-poor algae (Scenedesmus) as food on the P-excretion rates at 20°C. The excretion rates of the natural zooplankton community, irrespective of the influence of the factors mentioned, varied by an order of magnitude: 0.025–0.275µg PO4-Pmg–1C in zooplankton (C
zp
) h–1. The temperature accounted for about half the observed variation in excretion rates. The mean excretion rates in the lake, computed for 20°C, varied between 0.141 and 0.260 µg Pmg–1C
zp
h–1. Based on data of zooplankton biomass in the lake the P-regeneration rates by zooplankton covered between 22 and 239% of the P-demand of phytoplankton during the different months of the study period.In D. galeata, whereas the C/P ratios of the Scenedesmus used as food differed by a factor 5 in the experiments, the excretion rates differed by factor 3 only. Despite the higher P-excretion rates (0.258± 0.022 µg PO4-P mg–1 C h–1) of the daphnids fed with P-rich food than those fed with P-poor food (0.105 ± 0.047 µg PO4-P mg–1 C hp–1), both the categories of the animals were apparently conserving P. A survey of the literature on zooplankton excretion shows that in Daphnia the excretion rates vary by a factor 30, irrespective of the species and size of animals and method of estimation and temperature used.About two-thirds of this variation can be explained by size and temperature. A major problem of comparability of studies on P-regeneration by zooplankton relates to the existing techniques of P determination, which necessitates concentrating the animals several times above the in situ concentration (crowding) and prolonged experimental duration (starving), both of which manifest in marked changes that probably lead to underestimation of the real rates. 相似文献
74.
Nishijima K Hisatsune T Kato H Kohyama M Kakehi M Hachimura S Kaminogawa S 《Cytotechnology》1997,25(1-3):89-100
Feeding of a whole casein diet, which abolished the αs1-casein-specific proliferation and IFN-γ productivity of CD4+ T cells, did not affect the proliferative response of CD8+ T cells with regard to the antigen dose response, cell dose response, kinetics of the proliferation and epitope specificity,
as well as IFN-γ production. To assess the characteristics of the CD8+ T cells, we established αs1-casein-specific CD8+ T cell clones from both casein-fed and control mice. The established clones produced different amount of IFN-γ and IL-10,
and one clone derived from the casein-fed mice produced a remarkable amount of IL-10. The clones from casein-fed mice produced
considerable amounts of TGF-β, while those from control mice produced only small amounts. The possible role of CD8+ T cells in oral tolerance is discussed.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
75.
Rani Ben-Yishai David Hansel Haim Sompolinsky 《Journal of computational neuroscience》1997,4(1):57-77
Recent studies have shown that local cortical feedback can havean important effect on the response of neurons in primary visualcortex to the orientation of visual stimuli. In this work, westudy the role of the cortical feedback in shaping thespatiotemporal patterns of activity in cortex. Two questionsare addressed: one, what are the limitations on the ability ofcortical neurons to lock their activity to rotatingoriented stimuli within a single receptive field? Two, can thelocal architecture of visual cortex lead to the generation ofspontaneous traveling pulses of activity? We study theseissues analytically by a population-dynamic model of ahypercolumn in visual cortex. The order parameter thatdescribes the macroscopic behavior of the network is thetime-dependent population vector of the network. We firststudy the network dynamics under the influence of a weakly tunedinput that slowly rotates within the receptive field. We showthat if the cortical interactions have strong spatialmodulation, the network generates a sharply tuned activityprofile that propagates across the hypercolumn in a path thatis completely locked to the stimulus rotation. The resultantrotating population vector maintains a constant angular lagrelative to the stimulus, the magnitude of which grows with thestimulus rotation frequency. Beyond a critical frequency thepopulation vector does not lock to the stimulus but executes aquasi-periodic motion with an average frequency that is smallerthan that of the stimulus. In the second part we consider thestable intrinsic state of the cortex under the influence of isotropic stimulation. We show that if the local inhibitoryfeedback is sufficiently strong, the network does not settleinto a stationary state but develops spontaneous travelingpulses of activity. Unlike recent models of wave propagation incortical networks, the connectivity pattern in our model isspatially symmetric, hence the direction of propagation ofthese waves is arbitrary. The interaction of these waves withan external-oriented stimulus is studied. It is shown that thesystem can lock to a weakly tuned rotating stimulus if thestimulus frequency is close to the frequency of the intrinsic wave. 相似文献
76.
John F Kalaska Stephen H Scott Paul Cisek Lauren E Sergio 《Current opinion in neurobiology》1997,7(6):849-859
Recent studies provide further support for the hypothesis that spatial representations of limb position, target locations, and potential motor actions are expressed in the neuronal activity in parietal cortex. In contrast, precentral cortical activity more strongly expresses processes involved in the selection and execution of motor actions. As a general conceptual framework, these processes may be interpreted in terms of such formalisms as sensorimotor transformation and ‘internal models’. 相似文献
77.
On the production,elemental composition (C,N, P) and distribution of photosynthetic organic matter in the Southern Black Sea 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Yılmaz Ayşen Tuğrul Süleyman Polat Çolpan Ediger Dilek Çoban Yeşim Morkoç Enis 《Hydrobiologia》1997,363(1-3):141-155
Chemical oceanographic understanding of the southernBlack Sea has been improved by recent measurements ofthe optical transparency,
phytoplankton biomass (interms of chlorophyll-a and particulate organic matter)and primary productivity. During the spring-autmunperiod
of 1995–1996, light generally penetrated onlyinto the upper 15–40 m, with an attenuation coefficientvarying between 0.125
and 0.350 m2122;1. The averagechlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations for the euphoticzone ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 μg l2122;1. Coherentsub-surface Chl-a maxima were formed near the base ofthe euphotic zone only in summer. Production rate variedbetween
247 and 1925 in the spring and between 405 and687 mgC m2122;2 d2122;1 in the summer-autumn period.The average POM concentrations in the euphotic zonevaried regionally and seasonally between 3.8
and28.6 μm for POC, 0.5 and 3.1 μm for PON and0.02 and 0.1 μm for PP. Atomic ratios of C/N, C/Pand N/P, derived from the regressions
of POM data,ranged between 7.5 and 9.6, 109 and 165, and 11.2 and16.6, respectively. In the suboxic/anoxic interface,the elemental
ratios change substantially due to anaccumulation of PP cohering to Fe and Mn oxides. Thechemocline boundaries and the distinct
chemicalfeatures of the oxic/anoxic transition layer (the so-called suboxic zone) are all located at specificdensity surfaces;
however, they exhibit remarkablespatial and temporal variations both in their positionand in their magnitude, which permit
the definition of long-term changes in the biochemical properties of theBlack Sea upper layer.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
78.
Ignacio Hernndez Gloria Peralta J. Lucas Prez-Llorns Juan J. Vergara F. Xavier Niell 《Journal of phycology》1997,33(5):764-772
During the last decade, the Palmones River estuary has undergone severe eutrophication followed by a green tide episode; two species of Ulva, rotundata Blid. and Ulva curvata (Kütz.) De Toni, were the main macroalgae responsible for this bloom. From November 1993 to December 1994, we followed the biomass, the growth dynamics, and tissue elemental composition (C:N:P)of Ulva species, as well as some physicochemical variables in the estuary. Maximum biomass (up to 375 g dry wt·m?2 in some spots, corresponding to a thallus area index of nearly 17 m2Ulva·m?2 sediment) were observed in June and December. However, the biomass varied among the sampling stations. Water nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate showed high concentrations throughout the year, with extremely high transient pulses, sustaining the high growth rates observed. Growth rates were estimated directly in the field. The rates were generally higher in Ulva discs maintained in net cages than those estimated by changes in biomass standing stock between two consecutive samplings. The difference between both estimates was used to quantify the importance of the processes causing loss of biomass, which were attributable to grazing, exported biomass, and thallus decomposition under anaerobic conditions resulting from extreme self-shading. Maximum chlorophyll content was found in winter, whereas the minimum was in spring. Atomic N:P ratios were generally higher in the algae than in the water. However, the absolute concentrations of tissue N and P were always higher than the critical levels for maximum growth, which suggests that growth was not limited by inorganic N or P availability. The results suggested that the increase in nutrient loading in the river may have triggered the massive development of green algae and that light limitation and temperature stress in summer seem to be the main factors controlling the abundance of Ulva in the estuary. In addition to light availability and thermal stress, the different loss processes may have a decisive role in the dynamics of Ulva biomass. 相似文献
79.
Kathleen Dobrosielski-Vergona 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1984,20(11):889-892
Summary Glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreases whereas gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activity increases during hepatocarcinogenesis
and the maintenance of hepatocytes in primary culture. This report describes the effect of culture conditions that are known
to preserve hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity on gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activity. The results indicate that the
regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activities is not coordinated in primary cultures of
hepatocytes.
This work was supported by a grant from the USPHS, NIH grant AG00439 awarded to Dr. Christopher C. Widnell and a Category
I Research Development Award from the University of Pittsburgh to Dr. Kathleen Dobrosielski-Vergona.
Editor's Statement Information communicated in this article contributes to a greater understanding of the mechanisms regulating
liver cell metabolism and provides some further insight concerning the complexity of the controls involved in vitro, and presumably
in vivo. David W. Barnes 相似文献
80.
M. Jose Comez-L Pilar Lopez Jose V. Castell 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1984,20(11):826-832
Summary The present study was undertaken to define the conditions for optimal cryopreservation of hepatocytes. Two different freezing
procedures were analyzed: a slow freezing rate (SFR) (−2° C/min down to −30°C and then quick freezing to −196° C) and a fast
freezing rate (FFR) (direct freezing of tubes to −196° C: −39° C/min). Cells were frozen in fetal bovine serum containing
10% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After rapid thawing at 37° C, followed by dilution and removal of the cryoprotectant, cells
were plated and several parameters were followed as criteria for optimal cryopreservation of cells. The FFR cells showed no
apparent ultrastructural damage after 24 h of culture. Plating efficiency and spreading were similar as controls. Gluconeogenesis
from pyruvate and fructose, tyrosine amino transferase induction by glucagon and dexamethasone, urea production, and plasma
protein synthesis of FFR cells were similar to those found in control cultures. The FFR procedure, in comparison to the SFR
method, seemed to render the best preserved hepatocytes.
The financial support for this work was from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social, Grants 41/82 and
48/82. 相似文献