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91.
Seline Trevisanut 《Ocean Development & International Law》2017,48(3-4):300-312
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has a residual compulsory jurisdiction regarding the prompt release of seized vessels. This procedure is one of the novelties introduced in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and is unique in the international judicial universe because of both its procedural characteristics and its functions. This article highlights how prompt release cases do not necessarily stem from a dispute. This has a direct consequence for those whose interests the procedure protects and who can submit an application. The last part of this article discusses the recent trend where the release of vessels and crews has been requested in the context of provisional measures applications. 相似文献
92.
目的:分析幽门螺杆菌感染并发消化性溃疡的危险因素,并实施预防对策。方法:选取我院收治的消化性溃疡的患者201例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析其危险因素。结果:消化性溃疡患者201例,Hp感染162例,Hp阳性率80.60%,不同类型的消化性溃疡的Hp阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄在36-60岁、共食、男性、暴饮暴食、喜爱辛辣食物、吸烟饮酒、个人卫生、家族病史、以往病史,均是消化性溃疡Hp感染的高危因素。进餐习惯、喜欢酸奶、个人卫生均是Hp感染的保护因素,而暴饮暴食、喜爱辛辣食物、年龄、以往病史、吸烟饮酒、家族病史均是Hp感染的危险因素。结论:分餐习惯、喜欢酸奶、个人卫生均是Hp感染的保护因素,而暴饮暴食、喜爱辛辣食物、年龄、以往病史、吸烟饮酒、家族病史是Hp感染的危险因素,进行有针对性的预防可降低疾病发生率。 相似文献
93.
Carlo Ricotta 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(13):4835-4843
The amount of variation in species composition among sampling units or beta diversity has become a primary tool for connecting the spatial structure of species assemblages to ecological processes. Many different measures of beta diversity have been developed. Among them, the total variance in the community composition matrix has been proposed as a single‐number estimate of beta diversity. In this study, I first show that this measure summarizes the compositional variation among sampling units after nonlinear transformation of species abundances. Therefore, it is not always adequate for estimating beta diversity. Next, I propose an alternative approach for calculating beta diversity in which variance is substituted by a weighted measure of concentration (i.e., an inverse measure of evenness). The relationship between this new measure of beta diversity and so‐called multiple‐site dissimilarity measures is also discussed. 相似文献
94.
黑土稻田CH4与N2O排放及减排措施研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过对黑土稻田CH4和N2O排放的观测,发现水稻生长季CH4和N2O排放量低于全国其它地区稻田CH4和N2O排放之间存在互为消长关系(r=-0.513,P<0.05),但在同样施肥水平条件下,间歇灌溉与长期淹灌相比,CH4排放明显减少而N2O略有增加,其相对综合温室效应被大大减少且水稻产量未受影响。为此,间歇灌溉可作为减少稻田温室气体排放的水分管理措施。另外,通过对CH4和N2O排放的相关微生物过程探讨,揭示产甲烷菌数与CH4排放问呈显著性正相关(R2=0.82,P<0.05),硝化菌数和反硝化菌数与N2O排放有重要关系。 相似文献
95.
Abstract. We investigated germination responses and seed recruitment in the clonal grassland herb Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae) throughout its distributional range in Norway. Four predicted relationships between germination responses and field regeneration behaviour were tested using phytotron experiments and experimental and observational field studies. Seedlings appeared in all experimental microsites in the field, corroborating phytotron predictions that gap‐ or depth‐sensing strategies should be absent in the species. Seasonal timing patterns were predicted from a cold stratification response in the phytotron, but these were not supported in the field. The relationship between dormancy, germinability during storage, and seed carry‐over in the field largely conformed to expectations. Seeds from four different geographical regions responded differently to temperature and cold stratification and storage. Dormancy and seed carry‐over was higher in seeds from a coastal population, where winters are relatively mild and the probability of repeated freeze‐thaw events is high, than in populations from mountain and inland areas, where winters are colder. This is discussed against two alternative hypotheses about the relationship between climate and dormancy in seasonal climates. 相似文献
96.
The introduction of several plant pests into Europe in the 19th century with disastrous consequences called for the development
of plant quarantine measures to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products. With the purpose
of harmonising these measures, and of promoting measures for pest control, the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
was developed to address organisms that are both directly and indirectly injurious to plants. It supplies a framework for
measures against invasive alien species according to the Convention on Biological Diversity, as far as they are plant pests.
Three examples of invasive alien species within the scope of the IPPC are given in the article: the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum, the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus. In its 1997 revision, the IPPC provides for the establishment of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, being
acknowledged by the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the World Trade Organisation. Standards
most important for invasive alien species are those on pest risk analysis, on requirements for the establishment of pest-free
areas, on surveillance, on pest eradication programmes, and on the import and release of exotic biological agents. Phytosanitary
regulations in the European Union (EU) have been harmonised and up to now have regulated about 300 plant pests. The requirements
also have a protective horizontal effect against the unintentional introduction of many other species, but the existing broader
IPPC mandate for alien plant pests is not fully applied by the EU regulations.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
97.
The effects of physical and mental countermeasures on the accuracy of the concealed information test (CIT) were examined in
a mock crime experiment with 64 participants. To combat countermeasures, two covert respiration measures, hidden in the seat
and back of the examination chair, were used in addition to the standard physiological measures (SCR, FPWL, RLL). Some guilty
participants were trained to use either physical or mental countermeasures and apply them to distort the outcomes of the CIT.
In the second phase of the experiment participants were detached from the standard polygraph devices and examined solely with
the two covert measures. Results indicated that physical countermeasures lowered SCR accuracy but had a relatively small effect
on the other standard measures. On the other hand, SCR was relatively resistant to mental countermeasures. Both covert measures
were resistant to physical countermeasures in the polygraph phase. When the standard devices were removed, the covert seat
measure was effective in the no countermeasure and in the mental countermeasure conditions but not when physical countermeasures
were applied. The back measure was entirely ineffective.
相似文献
Eitan ElaadEmail: |
98.
T. Vega Fernández G. D'Anna A. Pérez-Ruzafa 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2009,376(1):7-16
Increased habitat complexity is supposed to promote increased diversity, abundance and biomass. This study tested the effect of the macroalgal cover on temperate reef fishes by mimicking macroalgae on artificial reefs in NW Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). Macroalgal cover affected reef fishes in different ways and independently of intrinsic temporal trends. The fish assemblages of manipulated and control artificial reef units differed in the relative abundances of the associated species, but little in species composition. In line with studies in seagrass habitats, fishes were most abundant in reefs covered by artificial macroalgae. Three species (Boops boops, Serranus scriba and Symphodus ocellatus) exhibited consistently greater abundance on vegetated reef units than on control reef units. The total number of species and the abundance of three particular species (S. scriba, S. ocellatus and Thalassoma pavo) displayed temporal trends which were independent on short and large temporal scales. Only fish total biomass and one species (Spicara flexuosa) displayed strong effects of interaction among the experimental factors. Mechanisms to explain these findings are discussed from observational evidence on habitat use and interactions among multiple species. This study highlights that manipulative experiments involving repeated sampling of fish in artificial habitats appear to be a valid approach to study fish-habitat relationships in fluctuating environments. It is also concluded that macroalgae mimics may serve as a tool for restoring lost marine vegetated habitats when current human-induced conditions prevent the recovery of pristine macroalgal stands. 相似文献
99.
Fear C Yeomans D Moore B Taylor M Ford K Currie A Hynes J Sullivan G Whale R Burns T 《Mental health in family medicine》2009,6(2):107-112
The shared management of patients with schizophrenia in primary care can only succeed if underpinned by valid, easily administered and clinically relevant outcome measures. While conditions such as depression and anxiety lend themselves to this approach through the development, over a number of years, of patient- and observer-rated scales, schizophrenia still lacks the capacity for meaningful outcome measures. Recently, two international working groups have developed the concept of remission in schizophrenia and recommended a simple, brief and clinically valid measure based upon improvement in key symptoms over a specified time period. The authors consider this concept and its application to primary care both as a commissioning tool and to facilitate shared care of this chronic medical condition. 相似文献
100.