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1.
Ewout H. Meijer Fren T. Y. Smulders Ann Wolf 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2009,34(3):221-226
In two experiments, we investigated the role of mere recognition in a P300 based CIT. Mere recognition was isolated by having
participants respond based on an irrelevant dimension of the stimuli. In Experiment 1 stimuli consisted of familiar and unfamiliar
faces, with a dot placed on the left or the right cheeck. Participants responded according to dot location. In the second
experiment, participants were presented with autobiographical information, alternated with irrelevant stimuli, while instructed
to respond based on the case of the stimuli. Results showed that with both familiar faces, and autobiographical information,
mere recognition was sufficient to elicit a P300.
相似文献
Ewout H. MeijerEmail: |
2.
John J. Furedy 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2009,34(3):149-160
In this interpretative paper, I consider four sets of methodological issues that may be relevant to improving the concealed
information test (CIT) as an instrument of applied differential psychophysiology. The first set has to do with psychophysiological
measurement in the CIT (e.g., specific sensitivity testing in lab vs. field). Secondly, I consider the relationships between
the psychological process of deception and the CIT. Thirdly, I consider the problem of laboratory-to-field generalization
of the CIT, a consideration that includes a discussion of whether the lab/field differences are merely quantitative or actually
qualitative. Finally, I discuss theories concerning the hypothetical mechanisms underlying the CIT, and argue that while the
purely cognitive, Sokolovian, orienting response (OR) account is widely accepted as the sole mechanism, there is evidence
to suggest that not just motivational, but even emotional mechanisms are also relevant.
相似文献
John J. FuredyEmail: URL: www.psych.utoronto.ca/~furedy |
3.
Robert Carlson 《Systems and synthetic biology》2007,1(3):109-117
Biological technologies are becoming an important part of the economy. Biotechnology already contributes at least 1% of US
GDP, with revenues growing as much as 20% annually. The introduction of composable biological parts will enable an engineering
discipline similar to the ones that resulted in modern aviation and information technology. As the sophistication of biological
engineering increases, it will provide new goods and services at lower costs and higher efficiencies. Broad access to foundational
engineering technologies is seen by some as a threat to physical and economic security. However, regulation of access will
serve to suppress the innovation required to produce new vaccines and other countermeasures as well as limiting general economic
growth.
相似文献
Robert CarlsonEmail: |
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5.
In this paper, we explore the role of reciprocity in the employment of restrictive measures in contexts of contagion. Reciprocity
should be understood as a substantive value that governs the use, level and extent of restrictive measures. We also argue
that independent of the role reciprocity plays in the legitimisation the use of restrictive measures, reciprocity can also
motivate support and compliance with legitimate restrictive measures. The importance of reciprocity has implications for how
restrictive measures should be undertaken when preparing and evaluating public health responses to contagion.
相似文献
A. M. ViensEmail: |
6.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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9.
Sonia Graham 《Wetlands Ecology and Management》2009,17(4):303-316
In Australia and many countries worldwide environmental flows are becoming an increasingly popular tool for reducing the negative
impacts of river regulation. However, there are many factors that restrict the effectiveness of these flows such as thermal
pollution, existing physical infrastructure and the limited volume of water available. Since environmental flows result in
reduced water allocations for irrigators, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether irrigators’ attitudes towards
environmental flows for wetlands are influenced by the effectiveness of these flows. Three focus groups were used to engage
with farmers in the Murrumbidgee Catchment, eastern Australia. A simulation model of the Murrumbidgee River was created to
provide focus groups with a tool for examining the effectiveness of wetland-watering releases and exploring alternative management
scenarios. The results showed that participants support the principle of environmental flows for wetlands. However, they believed
that the flows could be more effective if the restrictions imposed by physical infrastructure were removed. They also suggested
that the volume of translucency releases should be lowered, as these flows reduce the amount of water available for wetlands
and lower early season allocations for general-security water users. The participants provided numerous suggestions for altering
the management of water resources so that both the Mid Murrumbidgee Wetlands and farmers would benefit.
相似文献
Sonia GrahamEmail: |
10.
The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
We present two computational models (i) long-range horizontal connections and the nonlinear effect in V1 and (ii) the filling-in
process at the blind spot. Both models are obtained deductively from standard regularization theory to show that physiological
evidence of V1 and V2 neural properties is essential for efficient image processing. We stress that the engineering approach
should be imported to understand visual systems computationally, even though this approach usually ignores physiological evidence
and the target is neither neurons nor the brain.
相似文献
Shunji SatohEmail: |
12.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
13.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
14.
Machado RR Lima Filho ES Jardim DF Ferreira MA de Faria CG Duarte RS Lesche B 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2008,38(1):111-119
An interferometer that measures the refractive index changes due to bacterial metabolism is described. The apparatus permits
simultaneous and real time measurement of bacterial growth in several samples of slowly growing mycobacteria. The error sources
are discussed and the sensitivity of the apparatus is tested. For the species Mycobacterium bovis BCG and M. smegmatis, a relation between refractive index change and bacterial concentration is determined experimentally and the time constant
of bacterial growth is measured.
相似文献
B. LescheEmail: |
15.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
16.
The branch of evolutionary theory known as signaling theory attempts to explain various forms of communication. Social scientists
have explained many traditional rituals as forms of communication that promote cooperative social relationships among participants.
Both evolutionists and social scientists have realized the importance of trust for the formation and maintenance of cooperative
social relationships. These factors have led to attempts to apply signaling theory to traditional cultural rituals in various
ways. This paper uses the traditional ritual of mumming in small Newfoundland fishing villages to evaluate alternative hypotheses
about the connection between rituals, communication, trust, and cooperation. Mumming is found to be most consistent with the
hypothesis that it is a ritual of trust wherein participants take a specific type of risk: the risk of harm at the hands of
other participants. Individuals who take this risk actively signal their trust. Conversely, individuals who restrain themselves
from inflicting harm on other participants actively signal their trustworthiness.
相似文献
Christina Nicole PomianekEmail: |
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18.
Steve Stewart-Williams 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》2008,19(4):414-425
Inclusive fitness theory provides a compelling explanation for the evolution of altruism among kin. However, a completely
satisfactory account of non-kin altruism is still lacking. The present study compared the level of altruism found among siblings
with that found among friends and mates and sought to reconcile the findings with an evolutionary explanation for human altruism.
Participants (163 males and 156 females) completed a questionnaire about help given to a sibling, friend, or mate. Overall,
participants gave friends and mates as much or more help than they gave siblings. However, as the cost of help increased,
siblings received a progressively larger share of the help, whereas friends and mates received a progressively smaller share,
despite the fact that participants were closer emotionally to friends and mates than they were to siblings. These findings
help to explain the relative standing of friends and mates as recipients of altruistic aid.
相似文献
Steve Stewart-WilliamsEmail: |
19.
Anthropologists and psychiatrists traditionally have used the salience of a mind–body dichotomy to distinguish Western from
non-Western ethnopsychologies. However, despite claims of mind–body holism in non-Western cultures, mind–body divisions are
prominent in non-Western groups. In this article, we discuss three issues: the ethnopsychology of mind–body dichotomies in
Nepal, the relationship between mind–body dichotomies and the hierarchy of resort in a medical pluralistic context, and, finally,
the role of mind–body dichotomies in public health interventions (biomedical and psychosocial) aimed toward decreasing the
stigmatization of mental illness. We assert that, by understanding mind–body relations in non-Western settings, their implications,
and ways in which to reconstitute these relations in a less stigmatizing manner, medical anthropologists and mental health
workers can contribute to the reduction of stigma in global mental health care.
相似文献
Brandon A. KohrtEmail: |