桂林漓江沿岸植物区系特点及其与景观的关系

桂林漓江沿岸原生植被受破坏严重 ,植物区系为次生性质 ,其特点 :( 1 )种类丰富 ,共有野生维管束植物 80 8种 ,隶属于 1 5 6科、483属 ;( 2 )植物区系的地理成份复杂 ,可将 45 4个种子植物属归为 1 4个类型 ,以热带、亚热带类型为主 ,温带类型次之 ,中国特有属 6个 ;( 3 )植物区系岩溶特性明显 ,属于东亚植物区、中国—日本森林植物亚区、岭南山地地区的一个小区。植物景观是桂林漓江沿岸风景的重要组成部分 ,具体表现在各类植物群落的外貌和一些重要植物种类的花、果和叶色的季节性变化上。现存的主要植物群落以次生藤刺灌丛为主 ;少见尚存的喀斯特常绿、落叶阔叶混交林 ;独有的喀斯特硬叶常绿阔叶林 :以乌冈栎为建群种的山顶矮林 ,是我国东部湿润亚热带地区罕见的残遗植被类型 ,在构成景观和科研上均有特殊意义。沿河岸分布的植物是最吸引游人注意的重要景观 ,形状各异的灌丛、杂木林、竹林和农田植被等都是风景的重要组成部分     

西藏色季拉山种子植物垂直带谱的划分与分布特点研究

将色季拉山种子植物分布划分为山地暖温带针阔混交林带、山地温带针叶林带、亚高山寒温带针叶林带、高山寒带疏林、灌丛、草甸带和高山荒漠带。在上述基础上 ,分析了各带谱的区系组成、性质和特有种分布特点。     

丽水白云山与邻近地区植物区系关系的探讨

通过丽水白云山植物区系与邻近地区植物区系比较,将白云山植物区系归入了华东植物区系,通过与华东诸山优势科、届、种相似性系数的比较,说明白云山与九龙山、古田山、西天目山、凤阳山的关系较密切,但仍可归属天目山一庐山一黄山植物区。     

一种菊科植物抽提物对小鼠血液生化成分的影响

探讨一种菊科植物抽提物对小鼠血液生化成分的影响。利用半自动生化分析仪测定血液生化成分,结果表明该抽提物可降低血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量;降低乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶活性和丙氧酸氧基转移酶活性;对血清中尿素、尿酸、肌酐都有明显降低作用;可减少血清二价金属离子Ca^2 、Mg^2 含量,增加Cl^-含量;对碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸氧基转移酶、血清无机磷影响不明显。     

The effect of bacteria on interspecific relationships between the euryhaline rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus

Inconsistent results have been obtained on the population growth of Brachionus rotundiformis and Tigriopus japonicus, when results from single-species and two-species mixed cultures are compared. Bacteria growth was not regulated in these experiments, which could be the cause for this. In order to test this possibility, we conducted similar experiments under axenic and synxenic (with presence of one species of bacteria) conditions. The population growth of B. rotundiformis was suppressed by the presence of T. japonicus in axenic cultures. T. japonicus could not persist in axenic cultures, but its population increased when grown in synxenic cultures. T. japonicus used RT bacteria strain as a food source, while these bacteria were toxic to B. rotundiformis. These results suggest that bacteria can modify the interspecific relationship between B. rotundiformis and T. japonicus.     

Landscape patterns of indicator plants for soil acidity in the Bavarian Alps

Aim Electronic distribution atlases and lists of ecological indicator values are becoming important tools in plant geography. In this contribution, we combine a geographical and an ecological data bank, and map out patterns of indicator value spectra (instead of single or average values) across a physiographically complex landscape. For our study, we select indicators of soil pH and carbonate content as key environmental factors that strongly affect overall plant diversity patterns in the temperate zone. Our goal is to relate the distribution and diversity of plant groups that are indicators of soil pH and carbonate content to environmental controls at the landscape‐scale, and thus contribute to a causal understanding of species pools. Location We studied the Bavarian Alps, which represent the German portion of the Northern Alps. Methods Based on the existing floristic survey, we calculated relative frequencies of nine classes of indicator plants for soil pH and carbonate content in grid cells. The resulting attribute matrix (cells by indicator class frequencies) was subjected to principal components analysis and to k‐means clustering. Results were compared and mapped out in the grid array of the whole region, resulting in continuous and discrete representations of species pool structure. We used a geographical information system to derive physiographical landscape properties from a geological map and a digital elevation model, and analysed their statistical relationship with the shapes of indicator spectra. Results and Main conclusions Averages of indicator values for soil pH and carbonate content follow the geological structure quite closely. Surprisingly, the diversity of indicator plant groups does not appear to be a function of geological or topographic heterogeneity. Rather, it seems to be related to areas of high elevation with uniform geology. The effect is a matter of additional acidophytes in high mountain areas and, in the high calcareous Alps, extreme calciphytes, while species with intermediate requirements are rarer than usual. For explanation, we suggest two facts: (1) a frequent lack of mature soils at high elevations and (2) particularities in soil genetic processes occurring under the harsh climatic conditions of high mountains.     

俄罗斯北部平原(VYCHEGDA河盆地)全新世植物群和植被

对Vychegda河流域靠近Baika村(61°16'N,46°44'E)洪积平原的一个剖面进行了孢粉学研究.化石点位于泰加林带中部,靠近欧洲云杉林和亚乌拉尔-西伯利亚云、冷杉-西伯利亚松林界限附近.该河流盆地森林覆盖率高达98%.根据放射性碳年代测定,沉积涵盖了全新世大约自9000 yrs B.P.以来的大部分地层.主要运用化石植物群组成来恢复这一地区全新世以来的植被和气候变化,通过某些化石植物群的全部植物种类的现代地理分布的分析,可以发现与过去植被最接近的现代对应植被类型的位置,通过确定所有植物种现代生长地区的景观和气候来推测与古环境最接近的景观和气候.整个孢粉组合序列中云杉、松和桦占统治地位,但是植物群的成分和植被有变化.暖温带树种,如椴、榆及栎等在森林中的含量有变化,在全新世最暖期,相当于中晚大西洋期(6000-4500 yrs B.P.)达到最高.这些变化通过对应的现代植物群在俄罗斯平原的"迁移"反映出来,从中、南乌拉尔向西至Sukhona河盆地然后再返回到研究区的Vychegda河下游.运用古植物群的方法定量恢复的主要气候指标表明在大西洋期7月份月均温比现代高2.5℃,1月份月均温比现在高出1℃,年降雨量和现在接近.这段时间可以认为是本地区全新世的气候最适宜期.     

Biodiversity in South African fynbos and Mediterranean heathland

Abstract. The theory of convergence predicts that, given similar selective regimes, both present and past, unrelated ecological communities will show similar attributes. Mild Pleistocene climate, highly infertile soils, and similar fire regimes explain the remarkable convergence between mediterranean‐type vegetation from South Africa (fynbos) and Australia (kwongan). Heathlands in the Aljibe Mountains, at the western end of the Mediterranean basin, constitute a single vegetation type within the Mediterranean region. We studied the association between endemism and plant life form in a flora from environmentally similar areas of the South African Cape region (fynbos) and the Aljibe Mountains by contingency table analysis. We included two non‐acid, neighbouring areas to the latter region in the analysis as contrasts. We also compared the patterns of variation in three components of biodiversity (species richness, endemism level and taxonomic singularity) of fynbos and Aljibe heathland woody plant communities along similar soil fertility gradients by means of two‐way ANOVAs. At the regional (flora) level, our results show two common features in the biological aspects of endemism between the two regions: (1) edaphic endemism and (2) association of endemism with the shrub growth form. At the community level, we detected strong similarities in the patterns of variation of endemism and taxonomic singularity of woody communities from both regions along an ecological gradient related to soil fertility. We interpret these similarities, both at the regional and community levels, as suggestive of convergence between fynbos and Aljibe heathland.     

Floristic composition and diversity of mixed primary and secondary forests in northwest Guyana

The adequate protection and sustainable management of a tropical rain forest requires a good knowledge of its biodiversity. Although considerable parts of Guyana's North-West District have been allocated as logging concessions, little has been published on the forest types present in this region. The present paper reviews the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and diversity of well-drained mixed and secondary forests in northwest Guyana. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs and hemi-epiphytes were inventoried in four hectare plots: two in primary forests, one in a 20-year-old secondary forest and one in a 60-year-old secondary forest. The primary forests largely corresponded with the Eschweilera–Licania association described by Fanshawe, although there were substantial variations in the floristic composition and densities of dominant species. The late-succession forest contained the highest number species and was not yet dominated by Lecythidaceae and Chrysobalanaceae. There is a need for updating the existing vegetation maps of northwest Guyana, as they were based on limited information. Large-scale forest inventories may provide a fair indication of species dominance and forest composition, but do not give a reliable insight in floristic diversity. Although previous reports predicted a general low diversity for the North-West District, the forests plots of this research were among the most diverse studied in Guyana so far. These results will hopefully influence the planning of protected areas in Guyana.     

广东内伶仃岛植物区系的研究

通过对广东内伶仃岛的维管植物区系进行全面考察、采集、鉴定和研究,结果表明,（1）共有野生维管植物127科367属551种,其中蕨类植物20科25属38种,种子植物107科342属513种,12种为广东新记录;（2）种子植物区系的表征科主要有：樟科、茜草科、夹竹桃科,番茄枝科,大戟科、桑科、冬青科,芸香科、葡萄科、五加科、紫金牛科、荨麻科、防己科、天南星科、棕榈科等;（3）属的地理成分以泛热带分布为主,其次为旧世界热带及东亚分砷;（3）通过与邻近地区植物区 的比较,发现内伶仃岛与香港植物区系相似性最高,与古田、古兜山的相似性次之,而与南昆山的相似性较低,它们均属于华夏植物区系界的华南省。