全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5265篇 |
免费 | 746篇 |
国内免费 | 278篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 102篇 |
2022年 | 85篇 |
2021年 | 223篇 |
2020年 | 255篇 |
2019年 | 285篇 |
2018年 | 229篇 |
2017年 | 242篇 |
2016年 | 286篇 |
2015年 | 266篇 |
2014年 | 290篇 |
2013年 | 374篇 |
2012年 | 231篇 |
2011年 | 272篇 |
2010年 | 195篇 |
2009年 | 281篇 |
2008年 | 241篇 |
2007年 | 255篇 |
2006年 | 194篇 |
2005年 | 186篇 |
2004年 | 160篇 |
2003年 | 170篇 |
2002年 | 151篇 |
2001年 | 142篇 |
2000年 | 114篇 |
1999年 | 94篇 |
1998年 | 79篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 71篇 |
1995年 | 56篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 62篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 49篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 29篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有6289条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Influences of the salt concentration on the fatty acid composition of Ectothiorhodospira species and other phototrophic purple bacteria have been analysed. Major fatty acids in bacteria of the genera Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Chromatium, and Ectothiorhodospira were straight chain saturated and monounsaturated C-16 and C-18 fatty acids. Salt-dependent responses of all investigated bacteria revealed relations to their salt optima. Minimum values of C-16 and saturated fatty acids and maximum values of C-18 and unsaturated fatty acids were found at or close to the salt optima. Responses of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis upon changes in salinity were nearly identical, whether cells were grown in batch culture or in continuous culture with identical dilution rates at all salt concentrations. With increasing temperature, the fatty acid composition of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis and Ectothiorhodospira halophila strains showed decreasing portions of C-18 and of unsaturated fatty acids, while the contents of C-16 and saturated fatty acids increased. The results are discussed with respect to bilayer stabilisation and membrane fluidity.Abbreviations PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PG
phosphatidylglycerol
- CL
cardiolipin
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine 相似文献
42.
本文利用激光散斑屈光测试系统详细探讨了夜近视(night myopia)的产生机制。夜近视在环境亮度降低到产生暗视觉时出现,并随亮度继续降低而增大,平均值为1.35D。实验证明眼睛球差和色差不是造成夜近视的主要因素。夜近视数值在暗适应过程中呈增大的趋势。在暗视觉时,由于视野中缺少适宜的刺激,眼睛处于暗焦(dark focus)休止状态,这是造成夜近视的主要原因。 相似文献
43.
Michel Canard 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1988,47(2):153-159
Larvae of the lacewing Nineta pallida (Schneider), collected in the field during two seasons, from September to July, were reared in the laboratory under short- or long-day light conditions at 21°C. In autumn and winter, artificial short days delayed the first ecdysis. The influence on the duration of the first instar was maximal (3.4 times longer) when the short days began at hatching time, and later regularly diminished. In spring, the second and third instars showed a reversed response so that the long days now increased the duration of development, although development took no more than 1.4 time as long as in short days. A similar effect appeared in field-collected third instars on and after mid June, reaching its maximum (1.8 time until the cocoon spinning) in July. This sort of photoperiodic effect on the larval development is new to the seasonal adaptation of the life cycle in insects.
Résumé Des formes préimaginales (oeufs, puis larves) de N. pallida sont récoltées sur des conifères de montagne (Pyrénées), chaque mois depuis septembre jusqu'en juillet en deux saisons (1983/84 et 1985/86). Elles sont ensuite élevées au laboratoire à 21°C, soit en jours longs (JL=L16:D8), soit en jours courts (JC=L8:D16).Le développement embryonnaire est légèrement plus long s'il se fait en JC. Pour les larves de premier stade récoltées en automne et en hiver, les JC retardent considérablement la première mue et prolongent aussi le deuxième stade qui en provient. L'influence retardatrice est maximale (3,4 fois) lorsque les JC agissent dès l'éclosion. Elle diminue ensuite progressivement et devient insignificante pour les larves récoltées à artir de février.Au printemps, les larves récoltées au deuxième stade ainsi que les troisièmes stades qui en découlent présentent une réaction inverse: ce sont alors les JL qui augmentent la durée du dévelopement, toutefois, pas plus de 1,4 fois par rapport aux JC. Un effet de même ordre se manifeste sur les larves de troisième stade récoltées à partir de juin, atteignant son maximum (1,8 fois) dans le lot de larves de juillet, c'est-à-dire peu avant la fin de la croissance pondérale larvaire et le coconnage.Un tel retardement du développement larvaire hivernal, prolongé au printemps et au début de l'été par une inversion de la réponse à la photopériode, est nouveau comme élément d'adaptation saisonnière du cycle naturel chez les insectes.相似文献
44.
多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及地理分布成因的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文根据对多鳞铲颔鱼的分布、生物学特性及栖居河段的生态环境等所做的调查和研究,探讨了多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及分布成因等问题。做为对北方寒冷气候的适应,多鳞铲颌鱼有蛰伏泉穴越冬的习性,越冬期近6个月;推测多鳞铲颌鱼是由原始鲃类演化来的,形成于更新世早期;现代分布状况可能是受第四纪冰期的影响而造成的。 相似文献
45.
Ieharu Hishinuma Tetsuro Ishii Hiroyuki Watanabe Shiro Bannai 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1986,22(3):127-134
Summary Mouse lymphoma L1210 cells maintained in vitro at a high cell density for a certain time period adapted themselves to the
in vitro environment and were able to grow indefinitely. From these adapted cells, more than 30 clones were isolated. They
all had much higher activity to take up cystine than the original L1210 cells, supporting a previous view that the deficiency
of the cystine uptake limits the survival and growth of L1210 cells in vitro. The cystine uptake of one cloned cell line was
characterized. The enhanced uptake of cystine in these cells was mainly mediated by a Na+-independent, saturable system and was potently inhibited by glutamate and some other anionic amino acids, but less by aspartate.
Such activity of cystine uptake was not observed in the original L1210 cells. The results suggest that, upon adaptation in
vitro, L1210 cells acquire a new cystine transport activity necessary for survival and growth in vitro. 相似文献
46.
Gibberellins (GAs) A17, A19, A20, A29, A44, 2OH-GA44 (tentative) and GA29-catabolite were identified in 21-day-old seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Alaska (tall). These GAs are qualitatively similar to those in the dwarf cultivar Progress No. 9 with the exception of GA19 which does not accumulate in Progress seeds. There was no evidence for the presence of 3-hydroxylated GAs in 21 day-old Alaska seeds. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Alaska contein GA1, GA8, GA20, GA29, GA8-catabolite and GA29-catabolite. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Progress No.9 contain GA8, GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite, and the presence of GA1 was strongly indicated. Quantitation using GAs labelled with stable isotope showed the level of GA1 in dark-grown shoots of the two cultivars to be almost identical, whilst the levels of GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite were significantly lower in Alaska than in Progress No. 9. The levels of these GAs in dark-grown shoots were 102- to 103-fold less than the levels in developing seeds. The 2-epimer of GA29 is present in dark-grown-shoot extracts of both cultivars and is not thought to be an artefact.Abbreviations cv
cultivar
- GAn
gibberellin An
- GC
gas chromatography
- GC-MS
combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry
- HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
- KRI
Kovats retention index
- MeTMSi
methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether 相似文献
47.
明适应条件下鲤属鱼L-型外水平细胞反应的给光-瞬变成分 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在明适应条件下鲤属鱼 L-型外水平细胞的反应显示明显的给光-瞬变成分(on-transient)、它与刺激波长有关——对蓝、绿光的反应比对红光的反应有更明显的瞬变成分,其光谱特性提示它与绿敏锥细胞的输入信号有关。与已报道的其它动物 L 型水平细胞的给光-瞬变成分不同,它的出现在一定范围内与网膜受照射的面积无关。绿色(502nm)和红色(706nm)闪光同时照射所引起反应的给光-瞬变成分比各自单独刺激时要显著得多,提示它也与绿敏锥细胞和红敏锥细胞输入的相互作用有关。 相似文献
48.
49.
Patsy M. Brannon Bonnie M. Orrison Norman Kretchmer 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1985,21(1):6-14
Summary Rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated and cultured in Ham's F12 medium with 15% bovine calf serum. Caerulein, insulin,
somatostatin, and dexamethasone (DEX) had no effect on intracellular or secreted amylase in these cultured cells. A serum-free
medium, using Waymouth's MB 752/1 supplemented with albumin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), DEX, and HEPES, was then developed
to avoid serum factors that might mask hormonal effects. In this SF medium, pancreatic acinar, cells maintained the morphological
and ultrastructural characteristics of freshly isolated cells and secreted amylase in response to the secretagogue, carbamyl
choline. Insulin, at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, significantly increased intracellular and secreted amylase activity after
3 d. This model cell system can be used to study the regulation of the synthesis of amylase and other pancreatic enzymes in
vitro. 相似文献
50.