C3G is required for c-Abl-induced filopodia and its overexpression promotes filopodia formation

The Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, C3G (also known as Rap1GEF-1) is involved in signaling from growth factors, cytokines and integrins and plays a role in cell adhesion and migration, but the mechanism by which C3G regulates various cellular functions is poorly understood. We, therefore, investigated the ability of C3G to affect actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological changes in cells. Using RNA interference, we provide evidence that C3G is required for c-Abl-induced filopodia during cell spreading on fibronectin. C3G expression induces actin cytoskeletal reorganization and promotes filopodia formation independent of its catalytic activity. It showed enrichment at filopodia tips characteristic of molecules involved in filopodia dynamics. C3G-induced filopodia were not inhibited by dominant negative mutants of Rho, Rac and Cdc42, but required Abl catalytic activity. Coexpression of N-Wasp-Crib inhibited C3G induced as well as c-Abl-induced filopodia and wiskostatin, a pharmacological inhibitor of N-Wasp attenuates C3G-induced filopodia. Cellular C3G interacts with c-Abl and C3G expression results in enhanced localization of endogenous c-Abl in the cytoplasm. We suggest that C3G and c-Abl function in an interdependent manner, in linking external signals to remodeling the cytoskeleton to induce filopodia.     

利用双萤光素酶报告系统研究FoxM1转录活性调控

目的:构建细胞周期蛋白B1(Cyclin B1)启动子萤光素酶报告系统,用于转录因子FoxM1转录活性调控研究。方法:利用瞬时转染、实时荧光定量PCR及Western印迹,验证人胚肾HEK293细胞中FoxM1对Cyclin B1 mRNA的转录及蛋白表达的调节作用;利用PCR技术从人宫颈癌HeLa细胞基因组中钓取人源Cyclin B1的启动子序列,克隆至pGL3-Basic Vector中,构建含有Cyclin B1启动子的萤火虫萤光素酶报告质粒pGL3-Cyclin B1;通过瞬时转染、Western印迹及萤火虫/海肾萤光素酶双报告系统,研究c-Abl酪氨酸激酶对FoxM1转录活性的调控作用。结果:构建了Cyclin B1萤火虫萤光素酶报告系统,该报告系统可用于FoxM1转录活性研究;c-Abl酪氨酸激酶能够显著抑制FoxM1靶向Cyclin B1启动子的转录活性,且抑制作用依赖c-Abl的激酶活性。结论:pGL3-Cyclin B1萤光素酶报告系统可用于研究c-Abl酪氨酸激酶介导的FoxM1转录活性调节。     

Intramolecular Dynamics within the N-Cap-SH3-SH2 Regulatory Unit of the c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Reveal Targeting to the Cellular Membrane

c-Abl is a key regulator of cell signaling and is under strict control via intramolecular interactions. In this study, we address changes in the intramolecular dynamics coupling within the c-Abl regulatory unit by presenting its N-terminal segment (N-Cap) with an alternative function in the cell as c-Abl becomes activated. Using small angle x-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that the N-Cap and the Src homology (SH) 3 domain acquire μs-ms motions upon N-Cap association with the SH2-L domain, revealing a stabilizing synergy between these segments. The N-Cap-myristoyl tether likely triggers the protein to anchor to the membrane because of these flip-flop dynamics, which occur in the μs-ms time range. This segment not only presents the myristate during c-Abl inhibition but may also trigger protein localization inside the cell in a functional and stability-dependent mechanism that is lost in Bcr-Abl⁺ cells, which underlie chronic myeloid leukemia. This loss of intramolecular dynamics and binding to the cellular membrane is a potential therapeutic target.     

c-Abl phosphorylation of ��Np63�� is critical for cell viability

The p53 family member p63 has been shown to be critical for growth, proliferation and chemosensitivity. Here we demonstrate that the c-Abl tyrosine kinase phosphorylates the widely expressed ΔNp63α isoform and identify multiple sites by mass spectrometry in vitro and in vivo. Phopshorylation by c-Abl results in greater protein stability of both ectopically expressed and endogenous ΔNp63α. c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α induces its binding to Yes-associated protein (YAP) and silencing of YAP by siRNA reduces the c-Abl-induced increase of ΔNp63α levels. We further show that cisplatin induces c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α and its binding to YAP. Overexpression of ΔNp63α, but not the c-Abl phosphosites mutant, protects cells from cisplatin treatment. Finally, we demonstrate the rescue of p63 siRNA-mediated loss of viability with p63siRNA insensitive construct of ΔNp63α but not the phosphosites mutant. These results demonstrate that c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α regulates its protein stability, by inducing binding of YAP, and is critical for cell viability.     

乳腺癌中Abi1和c-Abl及WAVE 2的表达及其相互关系

目的研究乳腺癌组织中Abi1、c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白的表达及其相互关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测66例乳腺癌组织和24例正常乳腺组织中Abi1、c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白的表达情况。结果 1.正常乳腺组织与乳腺癌组织相比,Abi1和WAVE2蛋白表达有显著性差异(P0.05),而c-Abl蛋白表达无显著性差异(P0.05),但有定位的改变。2.Abi1强阳性率与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈负相关性(P0.05);与患者年龄无关(P0.05)。c-Abl阳性率及WAVE2强阳性率均与乳腺癌的组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈负相关性(P0.05);与患者年龄及肿瘤大小无关(P0.05)。3.Abi1蛋白表达与c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白表达呈正相关(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌中Abi1低表达与预后不良有关。乳腺癌中Abi1蛋白表达的变化可影响c-Abl蛋白的定位和WAVE2蛋白的表达。推测Abi1在Abl/Abi1/WAVE2通路中具有至关重要的地位。     

c-Abl tyrosine kinase interacts with MAVS and regulates innate immune response

The tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, plays important roles in many aspects of cellular function. Previous reports showed that c-Abl is involved in NF-κB signaling. However, the functions of c-Abl in innate immunity are still unknown. Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein can be physically associated with c-Abl in vivo and in vitro. MAVS interacted with c-Abl through its Card and TM domain. A phosphotyrosine-specific antibody indicated that MAVS was phosphorylated by c-Abl. Functional impairment of c-Abl attenuated MAVS or VSV induced type-I IFN production. Importantly, c-Abl knockdown in MCF7 cells displayed impaired MAVS-mediated NF-κB and IRF3 activation. Taken together, our results suggest that c-Abl modulates innate immune response through MAVS.

Structured summary

MINT-7297498, MINT-7297511, MINT-7297557, MINT-7297574: MAVS (uniprotkb:Q7Z434) physically interacts (MI:0915) with c-Abl (uniprotkb:P00519) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)MINT-7297542: c-Abl (uniprotkb:P00519) physically interacts (MI:0915) with MAVS (uniprotkb:Q7Z434) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)MINT-7297526: c-Abl (uniprotkb:P00519) physically interacts (MI:0915) with MAVS (uniprotkb:Q7Z434) by far western blotting (MI:0047)     

人Polo样激酶1基因的克隆表达及其影响c-Abl表达水平功能的初探

目的:克隆并在293细胞中表达人Polo样激酶1(Plk1)基因,探索Plk1对非受体型酪氨酸激酶c-Abl表达水平的影响。方法:利用PCR法扩增Plk1基因,分别定向克隆至pcDNA3-Flag及pCMV-Myc真核表达载体,将上述质粒分别转染293细胞进行瞬时表达,Western印迹检测Plk1蛋白的表达;将上述质粒分别与c-Abl表达质粒共转293细胞,检测带有不同标签的Flag-Plk1或Myc-Plk1对细胞中c-Abl激酶表达的影响。结果:构建了Flag-Plk1和Myc-Plk1真核表达质粒,其在293细胞中均可表达,蛋白的相对分子质量为68×103;与其共转的c-Abl激酶表达水平显著下调。结论:在293细胞中表达了Flag-Plk1和Myc-Plk1蛋白,且初步发现Plk1可以抑制c-Abl的表达。     

c-Abl调控FHL2的转录活性

目的：研究c-Abl对FHL2转录活性的调控。方法：应用免疫共沉淀和免疫印迹验证c-Abl与FHL2的相互作用及c-Abl对FHL2的磷酸化作用,并用萤光素酶报告基因研究c-Abl对FHL2转录活性的调控。结果：c-Abl与FHL2结合并磷酸化FHL2,促进FHL2的转录活性,并与FHL2一起促进FHL2下游因子骨钙蛋白的基因启动子活性。结论：c-Abl能促进FHL2的转录活性。     

Involvement of c-Abl and D40 (AF15Q14/CASC5) proteins in the regulation of cell proliferation and cancer

Although c-Abl and D40 proteins are located predominantly in the nucleus, they are involved in different cellular processes. c-Abl is a tyrosine-kinase that takes part in protein phosphorylation at tyrosine. Recently, D40 has been identified as a component of the outer kinetochore complex. Despite the functional differences between c-Abl and D40 proteins, they do have some similarities. First, high expression levels of c-Abl and D40 were observed not only in proliferating somatic cells, such as tumors, but also in healthy human testis. The increased expression levels of c-Abl and D40 protein in spermatocytes and acrosome of spermatids indicate their role in meiosis and spermatogenesis. Second, both proteins interact with specific regions of chromatin and are involved in the regulation of cell growth and division. Third, ABL and D40 (AF15q14) genes are involved in chromosomal translocations that subsequently form chimeric oncoproteins BCR-ABL, TEL-ABL, and MLL-AF15q14 in human leukemia. Lastly, both proteins interact with the tumor suppressor pRb protein and, consequently, can lead to the regulation of cell proliferation. The possible regulatory pathways that are controlled by c-Abl and D40 proteins are described in detail.