江永普通野生稻遗传多样性和籼粳基因频率监测分析

以栽培稻的8个籼-粳测验种为对照,采用39对SSR引物检测了江永野生稻居群在1982年、2008年、2017年的遗传多样性,采用38对In Del引物检测了江永野生稻居群在1982年、2008年、2017年的籼-粳基因频率。结果表明:在1982年取样保存在异位圃的40份样本的遗传多样性稍高于2008年、2017年原位保护区样本的遗传多样性;2008年取的样本数虽然比2017年多,但两次取的样本之间遗传多样性几乎没差异。不同年份取的样本之间的遗传分化系数Fst都很小,基因流Nm都较大,分化不明显。通过聚类分析和主坐标分析(PCo A),发现野生稻居群与4份栽培粳稻聚为一类,4份栽培籼稻单独聚成一类,显示江永野生稻与粳稻的血缘近于籼稻;籼-粳基因频率的分析表明,野生稻样本多属粳稻型,少数属偏粳稻型,原位保护区的偏粳稻类型单株数占取样单株总数的比例,2008年比1982年的增加了10.0%,2017年比2008年的增加了1.6%,显示江永野生稻原位保护区生境条件有利野生稻从粳稻型向偏粳稻型变异,随着野生稻产生环境适应性变异,籼型基因频率在提高。     

抗真菌感染新药研究进展

随着免疫功能缺陷人群的增多,侵袭性真菌感染（invasive fungal infections,IFIs）的发病率和死亡率逐年上升,严重威胁人类健康。目前临床常用抗侵袭性真菌感染药物有三唑类（氟康唑）、多烯类（两性霉素B）、棘白菌素类（卡泊芬净）等,然而这些药物并不能满足临床需要,侵袭性真菌感染的死亡率仍居高不下。因此,本文着重于目前处于临床研究阶段的抗真菌感染新药,根据作用靶点不同依次介绍：作用于细胞壁的新型葡聚糖合成酶抑制剂CD101和SCY-078、几丁质合成酶抑制剂尼可霉素Z、GPI锚定蛋白抑制剂APX001;作用于细胞膜的CYP51抑制剂VT-1161和VT-1129、破坏细胞膜通透性药物CAmB;影响细胞代谢的嘧啶合成抑制剂F901318,以及生物制剂包括细胞表面凝集素样序列3蛋白疫苗（NDV-3）和抗真菌感染抗体Mycograb。本文主要综述了上述新药的研究进展,包括作用机制、体内外活性、临床研究结果等,为相关药物的研发与未来的临床应用提供参考。     

体外反搏治疗小儿急性脑外伤的临床应用分析

目的:探讨以体外反搏为主的综合康复治疗对脑外伤后偏瘫患儿运动功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响。方法:选择2015年7月至2017年7月我院神经外科收治的脑外伤后偏瘫患儿46例,将其随机分为对照组和治疗组。两组患者均采用常规的康复治疗和护理,对照组采取常规的物理治疗(PT治疗),治疗组患者给予以体外反搏为主的综合康复治疗。于治疗1、3个月后,评价和比较两组患者粗大运动能力(GMFM)评分、精细运动能力(FMFM)评分和日常生活能力(ADL)评分的变化。结果:治疗1、3个月后,两组患儿GMFM、FMFM评分均较治疗前明显增加(均P0.01),而治疗组治疗后GMFM、FMFM评分均明显高于对照组(均P0.01)。两组治疗一个月后ADL总有效率(显效率与有效率之和)分别为90.48%和76.19%,治疗三个月后分别为95.24%和85.71%,治疗组均显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:以体外反搏为主的综合康复治疗有利于促进脑外伤后偏瘫患者ADL及部分运动功能的提高。     

血清sTREM-1、肺功能指数与肺癌患者术后肺部感染的关系及其预测价值研究

目的:探讨血清髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、肺功能指数与肺癌患者术后肺部感染的关系及其预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年1月在我院进行手术治疗的115例肺癌患者的临床资料,根据患者术后72 h是否发生肺部感染将其分为感染组(n=28)及未感染组(n=87)。对比两组患者临床资料、术后6 h血清s TREM-1、降钙素原(PCT)水平及术前肺功能指数[第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)]变化,记录感染组患者痰细菌培养结果,采用Logistic分析肺癌患者术后感染的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF在肺癌术后感染的预测价值。结果:感染组术后入住ICU比例大于未感染组,感染组TNM分期为IV期的比例大于未感染组(P0.05),感染组术后6 h血清s TREM-1、PCT水平高于未感染组,术前FEV1、PEF水平低于未感染组(P0.05)。感染组痰培养结果提示G-菌为17例,占60.71%;G+菌10例,占35.71%;真菌1例,占3.57%。二元多因素Logistic分析提示术后6 h血清s TREM-1水平升高、术前FEV1下降及PEF下降、术后入住ICU为肺癌患者术后感染的独立影响因素。三者联合预测曲线下面积为0.850(95%CI:1.350～1.745,P=0.000),敏感度与特异性分别为91.3%与80.6%,优于s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF的单独预测效能。结论:s TREM-1水平升高,术前FEV1、PEF水平降低与肺癌患者术后肺部感染密切相关,对s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF三者联合分析对于预测肺癌患者术后肺部感染的发生具有较高的预测价值。     

特定环状RNA表达与衰老的关系研究*

目的:研究小鼠不同组织器官中环状RNA的表达量在年老与年幼中的差异,揭示环状RNA与衰老的联系。方法:通过对不同组织器官的总RNA的提取,分别逆转录,并扩增circUSP34、circTCF4、circTCF20、circZFP64、circPWWP2A、circLIN54,通过凝胶电泳比较其在年轻小鼠与年老小鼠的组织器官中的表达情况,明确上述环状RNA与衰老的联系。结果:环状RNA在不同年龄小鼠的组织器官中存在广泛性的差异性表达,不同组织不同环状RNA有着不同的表达量的改变,其与衰老存在联系。在卵巢中除circTCF4,其余五种环状RNA表达量均与年龄负相关;在肾脏中,除circTCF4与circPWWP2A,其余与年龄呈负相关;在乳腺中只有circUSP3与衰老呈负相关;而在肠道与生长相关的只有上述后三种环状RNA,均呈正相关。其他样本与组织的发育阶段有不同的相关性,具体在结果体现。结论:环状RNA的表达量在组织中与年龄的增大有着显著相关性,环状RNA可能广泛地参与了不同的衰老通路,起到不同的生物学作用,其在衰老的产生中扮演重要角色。     

CD138免疫磁珠细胞分选的FISH技术在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的应用

为了分析CD138免疫磁珠细胞分选的染色体荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在提高多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞遗传学异常检测敏感性的作用。本研究选取我院收治的30例确诊MM的患者为研究对象,分离骨髓单个核细胞,应用探针组合,同时采用2种方法进行细胞遗传学检测:实验组采用CD138免疫磁珠分选浆细胞后行荧光原位杂交技术(MACS-FISH)检测;对照组直接荧光原位杂交技术(D-FISH)检测。结果:30例MM患者,实验组采用CD138 MACS-FISH检出率为83.3%,对照组D-FISH法细胞遗传异常检出率为46.7%,两组差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。研究结果表明:分析不同类型的细胞遗传异常,MACS-FISH法1q21检出率为46.7%,RB1检出率为50.0%,Ig H检出率为70.0%,P53检出率为20.0%;D-FISH法检出率分别为23.3%,30.0%、36.7%、10.0%。通过细胞核型分析,30例MM患者中,发现5例患者为异常核型,仅为16.7%,其中1例患者为单一结构异常,复杂异常核型患者为4例。我们的研究结论表明:进行CD138免疫磁珠分选浆细胞的FISH技术在多发性骨髓瘤诊断应用中可显著提高细胞遗传学异常检测敏感性,具有临床推广应用的价值。     

Long non‐coding RNA highly up‐regulated in liver cancer promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition process in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an oral and maxillofacial malignancy that exhibits high incidence worldwide. In diverse human cancers, the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) highly up‐regulated in liver cancer (HULC) is aberrantly expressed, but how HULC affects OSCC development and progression has remained mostly unknown. We report that HULC was abnormally up‐regulated in oral cancer tissues and OSCC cell lines, and that suppression of HULC expression in OSCC cells not only inhibited the proliferation, drug tolerance, migration and invasion of the cancer cells, but also increased their apoptosis rate. Notably, in a mouse xenograft model, HULC depletion reduced tumorigenicity and inhibited the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition process. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of the lncRNA HULC in regulating oral cancer carcinogenesis and tumour progression, and thus suggest that HULC could serve as a novel therapeutic target for OSCC.     

A Water‐Soluble Cu Complex as Molecular Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Graphene‐Based Electrodes

A structurally simple molecular 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Cu complex on a mesostructured graphene matrix that can be active and selective toward CO₂ reduction over H₂ evolution in an aqueous solution is reported. The active sites consist of Cu(I) center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, which enables the adsorption of CO₂ with η¹‐COO‐like configuration to commence the catalysis, with a turnover frequency of ≈45 s^?1 at ?1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Using in situ infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation, it is demonstrated that the Cu complex can be reversibly heterogenized near the graphene surface via potential control. An increase of electron density in the complex is observed as a result of the interaction from the electric field, which further tunes the electron distribution in the neighboring CO₂. It is also found that the mesostructure of graphene matrix favored CO₂ reduction on the Cu center over hydrogen evolution by limiting mass transport from the bulk solution to the electrode surface.     

Intermediates Adsorption Engineering of CO2 Electroreduction Reaction in Highly Selective Heterostructure Cu‐Based Electrocatalysts for CO Production

The challenge in the artificial CO₂ reduction to fuel is achieving high selective electrocatalysts. Here, a highly selective Cu₂O/CuO heterostructure electrocatalyst is developed for CO₂ electroreduction. The Cu₂O/CuO nanowires modified by Ni nanoparticles exhibit superior catalytic performance with high faradic efficiency (95% for CO). Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the hybridization of Cu₂O/CuO nanowires and Ni nanoparticles can not only adjust the d‐band center of electrocatalysts to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity but also improve the adsorption of COOH* intermediates and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction to promote the CO conversion efficiency during CO₂ reduction reaction. An in situ Raman spectroscopic study further confirms the existence of COOH* species and the engineering intermediates adsorption. This work offers new insights for facile designing of nonprecious transition metal compound heterostructure for CO₂ reduction reaction through adjusting the reaction pathway.     

Multi-species okadaic acid contamination and human poisoning during a massive bloom of Dinophysis acuminata complex in southern Brazil

On June 2016, a major bloom of Dinophysis acuminata complex was noticed over the coast of Paraná State (PR), southern Brazil, an area unprotected by any official monitoring program. Here we report the results of an extensive sampling effort that ultimately led PR authorities to issue the first State shellfish-harvesting ban due to multi-species okadaic acid (OA) contamination. During its peak, the bloom covered an area of 201 km² (∼2.0–3.5 × 54.0 km), attaining unprecedentedly high cell densities along the shallow (<15 m) continental shelf (mean 2.2 × 10⁵, maximum 2.1 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹) and adjacent sandy beaches (mean 2.8 × 10⁵, maximum 5.2 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹). Only OA was detected in suspension (max. 188 ng L⁻¹). Toxin levels measured in bivalves were several times greater than the regulatory limit of 160 ng g⁻¹, reaching up to 3600 ng g⁻¹ in Crassostrea gasar, by far the highest OA concentrations ever reported in oysters worldwide, 7700 ng g⁻¹ in brown mussels, Perna perna, and lower levels in clams, Anomalocardia brasiliana, and mangrove mussels, Mytella spp. Nine cases of human intoxication were officially reported and five people were hospitalized with typical symptoms of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning linked to the consumption of contaminated bivalves. All bivalves quickly converted most of the OA into its esterified form, DTX-3, and eliminated the toxins only a few weeks following the bloom, with C. gasar being the slowest-detoxifying species. Lower OA levels were accumulated in zooplankton, gastropods and several novel toxin vectors, including benthic organisms such as sand dollars Mellita quinquiesperforata and the ghost-shrimp Callichirus major, which may act as a good indicator of the presence of toxins in sandy beaches, and pelagic fish species that can serve as potential alternative sources of OA to humans (Chaetodipterus faber and Mugil liza). Monitoring toxin contamination in seafood other than bivalves is thus recommended to ensure comprehensive human health protection during massive Dinophysis blooms. Additionally, since OA was also present at low concentrations in the liver of Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis and penguins Spheniscus magellanicus, exposure to biotoxins should be considered in conservation actions involving threatened and near-threatened marine organisms in this region.