饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾糖代谢的影响

研究了日本囊对虾在饥饿和再投喂下血糖、肝胰脏糖原和肌糖原含量的变化.结果表明：在饥饿状态下,日本囊对虾肝胰脏糖原含量和血糖浓度在饥饿开始时迅速下降,肌糖原含量在饥饿10 d时下降到最低值,在饥饿10~15 d时通过糖原异生作用又恢复至最初水平,但随着饥饿时间的延长,糖原含量持续下降.恢复投喂后,肝胰脏糖原含量和肌糖原含量均能得到较好恢复,饥饿10 d和 15 d组的血糖浓度在恢复投喂10 d后显著高于对照组,但饥饿25 d组的血糖浓度始终显著低于对照.表明饥饿时间过长,对血糖浓度的恢复有较大影响     

Chemical Structure and NMR of a New Saponin from Dipsacus japonicus (Dipsacaceae)

A new triterpenoid saponin containing five sugars was isolated from the ethanolic root extract of Dipsacus japonicus Miq., and its structure was established as 3-O-［β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)］［α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)］-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-oleanoic acid. The sites of glycosylation and the sequence of sugars in the glycoside can be determined unambiguously and total assignment of severely overlapping proton resonance of sugar residues were achieved by a combined use of the 1D-SEMDY and NOE difference spectroscopy in rotating frame techniques, without having recourse to chemical degration or modification. The results showed that these new NMR techniques are very effective and convenient for the structure determination and spectral assignment of this class of compounds.     

枣园昆虫群落及其与日本龟蜡蚧发生的关系

利用群落特征指数和典型相关分析方法,分析了枣园昆虫群落的结构特征以及日本龟蜡蚧发生程度与昆虫群落之间的关系.结果表明,根据群落相异系数(0.20水平),不同样地昆虫群落可划分为平原和丘陵为两类.平原地区日本龟蜡蚧发生程度高,其多样性和物种数较低,而植食性类群优势度较高;丘陵地区日本龟蜡蚧发生程度低,其多样性和物种数较高,而天敌类群优势度较高.典型相关分析表明,在0.05水平下,日本龟蜡蚧发生性状和群落性状的第1对和第2对典型变量相关系数分别为0.9904、0.8538,说明日本龟蜡蚧的发生状况与枣园昆虫群落性状显著相关.其中,群落多样性(3.4893)、物种数(5.8060)和优势度(6.9353)对日本龟蜡蚧的发生程度有重要影响.     

Growth of larval Pacific anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the Yellow Sea as indicated by otolith microstructure analysis

Larval Pacific anchovy Engraulis japonicus were sampled from coastal waters off the central west coast of Korea from June to November 1996. Using otolith microstructure analysis (daily growth increments), three cohorts (spring, early summer and late summer) were distinguished based on backcalculated spawning dates. Growth rates differed between cohorts, with higher growth rates for late-summer cohorts than either the spring or early-summer cohorts. Growth rate was positively related to surface water temperature, with an optimum temperature range of between 20 and 26° C occurring during the late summer (late July through to mid-September). The study highlights that early growth rates of Pacific anchovy are dependent on ecosystem (particularly water temperature) attributes during early life.     

不同细菌刺激后仿刺参体腔液中免疫相关酶的应答变化

为了解不同细菌刺激后仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体腔液中免疫因子的应答变化,分别用灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifacien)、溶壁微球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus)和停乳链球菌(Streptococcus dysgadysgalactiae)注射刺激仿刺参,然后分别采用对硝基苯基磷酸酯(p NPP)底物法、氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)法、溶壁微球菌粉法和多巴络合物生成法对体腔液上清中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)与碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LYZ)和酚氧化酶(PO)的活力进行了测定。结果显示,灿烂弧菌刺激后,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高,而超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活力显著降低;哈维氏弧菌刺激后,酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活力显著升高,碱性磷酸酶活力变化不规律;假交替单胞菌刺激后,酸性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活力显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶活力先升高后降低,碱性磷酸酶活力变化不规律;溶壁微球菌刺激后,酸性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活力显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶活力先升高后降低,溶菌酶活力先升高后降低,而后在72 h恢复至对照水平,碱性磷酸酶活力变化不规律;停乳链球菌刺激后,除碱性磷酸酶活力在4 h有所下降外,其余免疫相关酶活力均显著升高。研究结果表明,酚氧化酶是仿刺参非特异性免疫系统中最敏感、高效的免疫因子之一;革兰氏阳性细菌与革兰氏阴性细菌之间在诱导仿刺参免疫因子应答变化上无明显规律性差异;溶壁微球菌诱导溶菌酶的应答变化与灿烂弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、假交替单胞菌和停乳链球菌存在明显差异,溶菌酶可能是仿刺参清除入侵溶壁微球菌的主要免疫因子;灿烂弧菌诱导仿刺参免疫因子应答变化显著不同于其他4株细菌,显示出本研究选取的5个免疫指标在预警灿烂弧菌病害上具有潜在应用价值;停乳链球菌在仿刺参中具有作为免疫增强剂的潜在应用价值。     

Phosphoproteome analysis of Lotus japonicus seeds

In this study, we report the first dataset of phosphoproteins of the seeds of a model plant, Lotus japonicus. This dataset might be useful in studying the regulatory mechanisms of seed germination in legume plants. By proteomic analysis of seeds following water absorption, we identified a total of 721 phosphopeptides derived from 343 phosphoproteins in cotyledons, and 931 phosphopeptides from 473 phosphoproteins in hypocotyls. Kinase‐specific prediction analyses revealed that different kinases were activated in cotyledons and hypocotyls. In particular, many peptides containing ATM‐kinase target motifs, X‐X‐pS/pT‐Q‐X‐X, were detected in cotyledons. Moreover, by real‐time RT‐PCR analysis, we found that expression of a homolog of ATM kinase is upregulated specifically in cotyledons, suggesting that this ATM‐kinase homolog plays a significant role in cell proliferation in the cotyledons of L. japonicus seeds. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000053 ( http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000053 ).