珠江口城市段近岸表层水体浮游细菌分离方法比较

为了更好地分离珠江口未/难培养的浮游细菌,本研究以珠江河口三个样点的水体为研究对象,同时采用了纯培养和免培养的方法,对不同培养基的分离效果进行了探索。在纯培养实验中,本研究选择了7种不同的分离培养基,共分离获得153株菌;同时,将扩增子分析结果作为分离效果的参考,所有环境样品中共包含3 553个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTUs）。对三个样点微生物类群的多样性进行比较,纯培养结果显示珠江口下游珠海样点多样性最高,其次为中大和虎门样点;免培养则显示虎门样点多样性最高;对比7种不同的分离培养基,Z7（R₂A）培养基的分离效果最好,分离菌株数和分离类群的α多样性最高,Z1（改良ISP 2）次之;主坐标分析结合韦恩图的结果表明相比其余的培养基,Z1和Z7培养基分离获得的菌群兼具普遍性和特异性,进一步证明了这两种培养基的分离效果较佳;冗余分析结果表明K₂HPO₄、酵母粉、可溶性淀粉、MgSO₄·7H₂O、麦芽膏和葡萄糖与特定类群的分离有相关关系,其中K₂HPO₄的影响最为显著（P<0.05）。本文通过7种不同培养基对河口微生物分离效果的探究,有助于我们在研究未知微生物的营养特性时,选择成分和组成更合理的培养基来提升河口微生物纯培养的分离效率。     

Length-to-weight and length-to-length ratios of six cavefish species from the Pearl River Basin,South China

Length-to-weight and length-to-length ratios were estimated for six cavefishes including Yunnanilus longibarbatus, Yunnanilus bailianensis, Yunnanilus jinxiensis, Oreonectes polystigmus, Paranemachilus pingguoensis, and Paranemachilus genilepis from the upper reaches of the Pearl River, Guangxi Province, China (between 106.26E, 23.14N and 111.42E, 24.85N). The fish were captured between May and October in 2018 and 2019 using trap nets (mesh size 7 mm) set in front of selected caves at 6:30–7:30 p.m. and were hauled out at 6:30–7:30 a.m. the next day. After removal, the fish were measured and weighed immediately to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.1 g, respectively. The regression parameter r² was between .95 and .98. The total length-to-standard length ratios were also calculated with r² ≥ .98. This study should provide a useful reference for biological studies and biodiversity conservation of cavefish.     

Length–weight relationships of six indigenous fish species from the River Cauvery and its estuary,India

The present study estimated length–weight relationships (LWRs) for six indigenous fish species (Barilius gatensis, Salmostoma acinaces, S. boopis, Puntius amphibius, Hemibagrus punctatus and Ambassis miops) based on specimens collected from River Cauvery (including estuary) during July 2017–January 2020. The sampling surveys were carried out in three distinct sampling seasons, viz., the pre-monsoon (March–May), the monsoon (July–October) and the post-monsoon (November–February). Majority of the fish specimens dealt in the study were collected from multi-meshed monofilament gill nets (mesh sizes 18, 30, 45, 60, 90, 110, 120 and 150 mm) operated by local fishers. For those sites situated in the protected areas, sampling was carried out by cast nets with prior permission from the local administration and the collected fishes were released back into river after length–weight measurements. The length measurements were noted as total length (TL) measured to the nearest 0.1 cm by using a digital Vernier caliper. A digital balance was used for weight measurements with an accuracy of 0.01 g. The study recorded a new maximum length of 48 cm for H. punctatus. The LWR data generated from the present study are significant for proper assessment of the stock status and their management, if collected together with other essential biological and physical parameters.     

Length–weight relationships of seven fish species in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters,Eastern China

The length–weight relationships (LWRs) for seven fish species belonging to five families in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters are presented. Cynoglossus gracilis, Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Collichthys niveatus, Ophichthus apicalis and Erisphex potti were collected monthly in 2009 using trammel nets (the size of smaller mesh net was 1.5 m × 15 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 2.5, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.8 cm; the size of larger-mesh net was 2.4 m × 30 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 cm; soaking overnight). Lophiogobius ocellicauda were collected December in 2020 using shrimp trawl nets (mesh size 2.0 cm). The precision of measurement for the fish specimens is 0.1 cm total length and 0.1 g total weight. The estimated ranges of the parameters a and b for the seven fish species were from 0.0001 to 0.0289 and 2.718 to 3.541, respectively. Two new maximum total length were recorded for Ctenotrypauchen chinensis and Ophichthus apicalis.     

Length-weight relationships of eight fish species from the Hailang river,China

The present study reports the length-weight relationships (LWRs) for eight fish species sampled in Hailang River, a left-bank tributary of the Mudan River in Northeast China. The fishes were collected from April to October bimonthly 2017 by electrofishing (fishing 2 kilometers along the river and within 5 meters from the bank) and netting (drift gillnet: mesh size 2 cm × 3 cm; 200 m net length). The specimens were weighed (nearest 0.1 g) and measured (nearest 0.1 cm) in the laboratory. This study provides an update in maximum lengths for five species.     

云南澜沧江下游3种条鳅科鱼类中国新记录

澜沧江-湄公河作为一条国际河流,是全世界鱼类物种多样性最高的流域之一,其中中国境内澜沧江流域的条鳅科鱼类共记录37种,由于该类群分类鉴定较为困难,流域内仍存在未被发现、描述或准确鉴定的物种。2015至2019年,通过对云南省普洱市和西双版纳傣族自治州境内的澜沧江流域进行多次鱼类生物多样性调查,共发现3种未曾记录的条鳅科鱼类。对所采集到鱼类标本的重要性状进行测量,并与国内外相关文献进行形态特征比较,分别鉴定为长带条鳅（Nemacheilus longistriatus）、裸背南鳅（Schistura nudidorsum）和宽齿南鳅（S. latidens）,均为中国物种新记录;其中,由于以前在中国记录的条鳅属鱼类均已移入南鳅属（Schistura）,长带条鳅是目前中国分布的唯一条鳅属物种。本文对这3种新记录的条鳅科鱼类进行描述,对今后澜沧江条鳅科鱼类物种鉴定具有一定的指导意义,同时为澜沧江鱼类资源的调查和保护提供科学依据。     

中国鲟科一新记录种——小体鲟

在中国,小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)被认为自然分布于额尔齐斯河,但至今尚无发现该种的文献报道,在额尔齐斯河是否确有分布还存疑问。2019年9月,在中国额尔斯斯河下游(185团)采集到鲟类标本1尾,全长91.5 cm,体重5 520 g。标本背骨板11,侧骨板64,腹骨板12;口腹位,较小,口下唇中间断裂;鳃耙数17,符合小体鲟的形态特征。利用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因序列(1 141 bp),对鲟属10个物种的亲缘关系及系统发育进行分析,该种与分布于鄂毕河、多瑙河的小体鲟遗传距离最近(序列分歧为0～0.000 2),并在进化树中聚为一支,应属于种内关系。基于以上研究结果,可以确定该标本即为小体鲟,在额尔齐斯河首次被发现,为中国鲟科分布新记录种,标本保存于中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所鱼类标本馆(标本号80092871)。     

长江中游鱼类资源量的估算

为了解长江中游的鱼类资源现状,于2018年5和6月以及9和10月在宜昌、石首、洪湖、武汉和湖口5个江段进行了渔获物调查工作。通过统计各江段的渔业捕捞情况,计算年捕捞量。用体长股分析方法,对铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和瓦氏黄颡鱼(Tachysurus vachelli)的资源量进行估算,并以此推算各江段的鱼类总资源量。结果显示,宜昌江段的鱼类年总资源量1077.36 t,其中,铜鱼为623.25 t;石首江段的年总资源量为2190.74 t,铜鱼为698.19 t;洪湖江段的鱼类年总资源量为58.57 t,其中,瓦氏黄颡鱼为0.41 t;武汉江段的鱼类年总资源量1010.54 t,其中,鳊为148.65 t;湖口江段的年鱼类总资源量14.55 t,瓦氏黄颡鱼为0.032 t。估算结果可以为长江中游鱼类资源保护措施的制定提供数据参考。     

基于MaxEnt模型的延河流域草本植物适生分布与功能性状分析

明确延河流域常见草本植物的潜在适生区分布,是植被恢复工作持续推进的基础。本研究收集了延河流域8种常见草本植物的地理分布信息和13个环境变量,采用MaxEnt和ArcGIS模拟了延河流域常见草本植物在当前气候下的潜在适生性分布,进而研究这8种不同草本植物适生性分布与功能性状变异特征之间的相关关系。研究结果显示：根据物种-性状排序图的分布格局判断,本研究选择的七个功能性状在植物所属科之间发生了明显趋异分化现象,在PC1右侧为禾本科植物,PC1左侧为菊科、豆科和唇形科植物。对物种适生性分布模拟结果表明,达乌里胡枝子在研究区内的适生性最高,百里香的适生性最低,表明达乌里胡枝子比其他常见草本物种更适合被选择为该流域的植被恢复的先锋物种。在功能性状变异特征相关性分析中,物种适生区大小与比叶面积变异系数呈显著正相关,与其他植物功能性状变异特征不显著。因此,比叶面积的变异系数更适合作为指示延河流域草本植物适生区大小的性状。     

流域生态系统服务簇变化及影响因素——以大清河流域为例

生态系统服务簇是多种生态系统服务的组合,是生态系统多功能性中的主导功能表征。识别生态系统服务簇的空间和功能变化及影响因素,可为基于主导功能实施分区管理策略、统筹土地多功能性,进而为整体提升区域生态系统服务提供参考。本研究以大清河流域为例,选取6种生态系统服务（水资源供给服务、粮食供给服务、水源涵养服务、水质净化服务、土壤保持服务、固碳服务）,在乡镇尺度上探讨了生态系统服务簇的变化特征,研究了影响其变化的主要因素。结果表明：（1）依据主导的生态系统服务类型,大清流域可以分为3个生态系统服务簇,生态调节服务簇（B1）,农产品供给服务簇（B2）和人居环境簇（B3）;（2）2000-2015年,生态调节服务簇的空间格局变幅最大,乡镇变化率为19.6%,而农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇的空间稳定性较强,变化率小于5.0%;生态系统服务簇类型发生转化的区域主要位于服务簇交界处;（3）尽管服务簇在空间上有变化,但生态调节服务簇、农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇的生态系统服务呈增长趋势,平均增幅高达8.62%;（4）自然本底条件和生态保护政策是驱动生态调节服务簇变化的主要因素,农产品供给和建设用地面积的变化分别是驱动农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇时空变化的主要因素。该案例研究结果为管理土地多功能属性、整体提升国土空间功能提供了有效的途径。