Anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperprolactinemia activities of Fructus Viticis and its effective fractions and chemical constituents

Vitex rotundifolia L. is widely distributed along the sea coast of China. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperprolactinemia activities of substances isolated from Fructus Viticis (the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia), which may be effective in the treatment of pre-menstrual symptoms, using acetic-acid-induced writhing and metoclopramide-dihydrochloride-induced hyperprolactinemia in mice. The fractions effective in terms of anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperprolactinemia activities were obtained from Fructus Viticis by elution through macro-porous resin, and polyamide and silica gel column chromatography. The standardization of the fractions obtained from the separation procedures was carried out by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fingerprint. In this study, the flavone-enriched fraction (Fraction 6) showed a higher inhibitory rate than indomethacin (69.4% vs. 56.4%) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body wt., and significantly reduced the prolactin level as compared to HPRL-treated mice (8.2 ng/ml vs. 25.5 ng/ml). Furthermore, this fraction showed anti-nociceptive activity in a dose-dependent manner (10-50 mg/kg body wt., i.g.). On further purification with silica gel, Casticin was isolated from this fraction and it decreased abnormal serum levels of prolactin by approximately 50% (p < 0.01). Using bioassay-screening methods, our results indicate that the presence of flavonoids such as Casticin in this plant may be responsible for the activity effects. Casticin has potent analgesic and anti-hyperprolactinaemia properties, is likely to be one of the active components of Fructus Viticis, and may have a role in treating PMS (premenstrual syndrom).     

福建厦门几种乡土香化植物的人工繁殖试验

选取4种观赏芳香植物进行人工繁殖试验以提高繁殖效率。播种试验中,深山含笑种子以50 ℃ GA3 300 mg·L^-1溶液人工催芽效果最好,发芽率、发芽势分别比去皮种子增加22.7%和17.3%;单叶蔓荆种子以50 ℃ GA3 1.0 g·L^-1溶液浸泡催芽效果最好,发芽率、发芽势分别比对照增加46.7%和25.4%。以植物生长调节剂预处理扦插枝条,栀子插穗用NAA 100 mg·L^-1 + IBA 100 mg·L^-1预处理,生根率、平均生根数、成活率最高,其生根率和成活率分别比对照增加18.7%和15.8%,平均生根数比对照提高58.9%;络石插穗用NAA 200 mg·L^-1＋IBA 200 mg·L^-1 预处理的生根效果最好,生根率、成活率分别比对照增加24.5%和19.1%,平均生根数比对照提高66.7%。     

单叶蔓荆(唇形科)的横生胚珠和葱型胚囊

利用常规石蜡制片技术研究了单叶蔓荆胚珠和胚囊的发育以丰富牡荆亚科的胚胎学资料。单叶蔓荆的胚珠横生、单珠被、薄珠心、具珠被绒毡层、珠孔狭长。胚囊发育类型为葱型,可能由蓼型胚囊演变而来。葱型胚囊在牡荆亚科及整个唇形科属首次报道。     

多效唑对不同立地条件下黄荆生长及生理特征的影响

该试验以绿化卷材为基质材料,对沙场、渣场和混凝土屋面3种立地条件下生长的黄荆进行不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400mg·L~(-1))多效唑处理,研究根施多效唑对黄荆生长和生理特征的影响以及不同立地环境的应用差异。结果显示:(1)随多效唑浓度升高,3种立地类型黄荆株高和生物量呈降低趋势,冠幅、基径、叶面积、根幅、主根长和主根径呈减小趋势,叶片长宽比和根冠比表现出增大的趋势;多效唑处理使黄荆叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加,使丙二醛含量下降。(2)不同立地条件下黄荆对多效唑处理的表现具有一定差异,隶属函数法综合评价显示,对沙场、渣场和屋面3种立地类型的黄荆生长调控效果最佳的多效唑浓度分别为400mg·L~(-1)、300mg·L~(-1)、100mg·L~(-1)。(3)当多效唑浓度在渣场和屋面分别为400、300mg·L~(-1)时,黄荆叶片开始受到伤害,对多效唑的耐受阈值表现为沙场渣场屋面。研究认为,多效唑可有效调控黄荆的形态和生物量分配,增强细胞渗透调节和抗氧化损伤能力,从而提高黄荆的抗逆性和环境适应性,但在应用时应考虑不同立地背景的差异,因地制宜地选择使用浓度和用量,使其更好地应用于人工植被恢复与建设。     

黄荆精油对玉米象的杀虫活性成分、毒力及作用机制

为明确黄荆精油及其主要成分作为储粮保护剂的开发利用价值,采用水蒸气蒸馏法从泰山黄荆Vitex negundo Linn.叶片中提取精油,利用GC-MS技术进行了成分分析鉴定,研究了黄荆精油及其主要成分桉树脑和α-蒎烯对玉米象 Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 成虫的毒力及作用机制。结果表明: 黄荆精油中含量大于0.3%的成分有31种,其中石竹烯、桉树脑和α-蒎烯的含量分别为35.97%,8.21%和0.69%。桉树脑、α-蒎烯和黄荆精油对玉米象成虫的综合杀虫毒力都较高,并以桉树脑的毒力最高,LC₅₀为0.7171 g·kg^-1;在2.0 g·kg^-1剂量下,桉树脑、α-蒎烯和黄荆精油对玉米象种群的抑制率分别达100％,85.45％和89.73％;3种药剂对玉米象72 h触杀LC₅₀分别为0.2690,0.7529 和0.2969 mg·cm^-2,毒力都很高;3种药剂在4 g·kg^-1剂量下,对玉米象的驱避率分别为96.49%,84.26％和90.61%,防虫作用大;3种药剂对玉米象72 h的熏蒸LC₅₀分别为14.053, 28.648 和21.429 μL·L^-1,熏蒸杀虫毒力较高,其中以桉树脑的毒力最高。3种药剂对玉米象有干扰呼吸的作用,对离体乙酰胆碱酯酶、过氧化氢酶和羧酸酯酶都有抑制作用。这些结果明黄荆精油及其主要成分的作用机制具有多样性。     

荆条花蜜腺发育解剖学研究

荆条（Ｖｉｔｅｘ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍｉｌｌ．）花蜜腺属于淀粉型子房蜜腺,呈圆筒状环绕于子房的基部。蜜腺外观上无特殊结构,表面有。由分泌表皮和泌蜜组织组成,包括分泌表皮、气孔器、泌蜜薄壁组织和维管束。密腺和子房壁起源相同。花蕾膨大期,泌蜜组织细胞中产生大液泡;露冠期,泌蜜组织中形成维管束;花蕾初放期,分泌表皮细胞分化形成气孔器,无气孔下室,淀粉粒的积累在此期达到高峰;盛花期,蜜腺中已无淀粉粒,密     

Effects of plant growth regulators on high frequency shoot multiplication and callus regeneration of an important Indian medicinal plant, nirgundi (Vitex negundo L.)

Summary A rapid shoot multiplication protocol was established for an important medicinal plant, Vitex negundo L., belonging to the family Verbenaceae, using Murashige and Skoog medium, achieved by shoot multiplication as well as callus regeneration. Shoot multiplication was induced by different concentrations of 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ), Benzyladenine and 6-furfuryl amino purine separately along with 10% (v/v) coconut water. Green organogenetic callus was obtained by the combined effect of 0.5–2.15 μM TDZ and 1.7 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) along with 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and produced the maximum number of shoots when subcultured onto medium containing 2.7 μM TDZ alone. Elongation of in vitro shoots was observed in MS medium containing 2.4 μM gibberellic acid and rooting was induced by the combined effect of 1.71 μM IAA and 1.62 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid.     

Anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of a crude extract and a pterocarpan isolated from the aerial parts of Vitex agnus-castus

A new compound, 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1] benzofuro [3,2-c][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-9-ol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Vitex agnus-castus. The structure of this compound was identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques ((13)C NMR, (1)H NMR, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY and COSY). The compound showed low urease- (32.0%) and chymotrypsin- (31.4%) inhibitory activity, and moderate (41.3%) anti-inflammatory activity. The crude extract and various fractions obtained from the aerial parts of the plant were also screened for possible in vitro hemagglutination, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities. No hemagglutination activity against human erythrocytes was observed in crude extracts and fractions of V. agnus-castus. The fractions and crude methanolic extract showed moderate and low antibacterial activity. Exceptions were the CHCl(3) fraction, which showed significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (81% with MIC(50)=2.19 mg/mL), the n-hexane fraction, which exhibited no activity against Salmonella typhi, and the CHCl(3) and aqueous fractions, which showed no activity against Bacillus pumalis. Moderate phytotoxic activity (62.5%) was observed by n-hexane fraction of V. agnus-castus against Lemna minor L at 1000 μg/mL.     

Phytochemical and Bioactivity Studies on Constituents of the Leaves of Vitex Quinata

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N. Williams (Verbenaceae), guided by a cytotoxicity assay against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, led to the isolation of a new δ-truxinate derivative (1) and a new phytonoic acid derivative (2), together with 12 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods as dimethyl 3,4,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-δ-truxinate (1) and methyl 10R-methoxy-12-oxo-9(13),16E-phytodienoate (2), respectively. In a cytotoxicity assay, (S)-5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone (3) was found to be the sole active principle, with ED₅₀ values of 1.1–6.7 μM, respectively, when tested against a panel of three human cancer cells. Methyl 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoyl quinate (4) showed activity in an enzyme-based ELISA NF-κB p65 assay, with an ED₅₀ value of 10.3 μM.     

α-Chymotrypsin inhibition studies on the lignans from Vitex negundo Linn

The lignans (1–8) isolated from the roots of Vitex negundo Linn. were screened against the serine proteases α-chymotrypsin, thrombin and prolyl endopeptidase. Compounds 3 and 4 were found to be active only against α-chymotrypsin and were noncompetitive and competitive inhibitors of the enzyme, respectively. Ki values were found to be in the range 31.75–47.11 μM.