白鱀豚额隆声衰减和声速的测量

本文用水浴法测试了白鱀豚额隆切片标本沿体轴方向的声压衰减系数和声速。实验表明额隆内有若干点声衰减为负值及零值、意味着声波沿这些点传输时、声压非但不减小反而增大了。再将这些点连接起来看、恰巧和从左、右鼻栓到头前部的水之间的声传输相一致、这两条途径看起来有点像小声道似的。     

痛风性关节炎急性期、缓解期超声特征及与血清IL-22、IL-37水平的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨痛风性关节炎（GA）急性期、缓解期超声特征及与血清白细胞介素（IL）-22、IL-37水平的相关性。方法：选取从2019年7月至2021年3月期间，在我院诊断为GA的患者64例作为痛风组，及同期在我院体检的健康志愿者32例作为正常对照组。经过超声检查、血清样品实验后，观察受试者的超声特征，比较受试者血清IL-22、IL-37的水平，采用Spearman检验分析GA患者血清IL-22、 IL-37水平与超声特征的相关性。比较超声特征、IL-22和IL-37水平单一或联合应用对GA急性期、缓解期的诊断价值。结果：痛风组急性期血清IL-22水平显著高于缓解期及正常对照组(P＜0.05)；痛风组急性期及缓解期血清IL-37水平均显著高于正常对照组，且缓解期高于急性期(P＜0.05)。64例GA患者中有29例存在痛风石；60例在急性期存在关节积液，至缓解期有22例吸收至正常积液量；有52例在急性期关节滑膜增生，至缓解期有14例得以缓解;有29例存在"双轨征"，仅1例在缓解期消失;有14例发生骨侵蚀，在缓解期均未见明显改善；缓解期积液厚度、滑膜厚度均明显小于急性期(P＜0.05)。无论急性期还是缓解期，GA患者血清IL-22水平与关节积液均呈正相关(P＜0.05)。超声检查联合血清IL-22、IL-37水平检测用于诊断无论在急性期还是缓解期，其敏感性及特异性均较高。结论：IL-22水平不论在急性期还是缓解期，与超声下关节积液均呈正相关。血清IL-22、IL-37检测与超声检查联合可提高急性期及缓解期GA的诊断效能。     

Intensification of biokinetics of enzymes using ultrasound-assisted methods: a critical review

The use of low intensity ultrasound has gotten surprising consideration over the last decade as a method for enhancing the catalytic activity of enzyme. Ultrasounds have the potential to significantly influence the activity of the enzymatic processes, provided that the energy input is not so high as to inactivate the enzyme. By providing the variation in parameters, various physical and chemical effects can be attained that can enhance the enzymatic reaction. Ultrasonic reactors are known for their application in bioprocesses. However, the potential of their applications is still limited broadly due to the lack of proper information about their operational and performance parameters. In this review, the detailed information about ultrasonic reactors is provided by defining the different types of reactors and number and position of ultrasonic transducers. Also, it includes mechanism of intensification and influence of ultrasonic parameters (intensity, duty cycle, and frequency) and enzymatic factors (enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH) on the catalytic activity of enzyme during ultrasound treatment.     

Kinetic models and process parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of water-soluble components and polysaccharides from a medicinal fungus

This study was on the kinetics and process parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of water-soluble components and polysaccharides (PS) from the dry mycelium of a medicinal fungus, Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. Four process variables (factors) were evaluated at different levels, ultrasound intensity (2.44–44.1 W/cm²), temperature (40–70 °C), solid particle size (156.5–750 μm), and solid-to-liquid ratio (1/30–1/70 g/mL). The experimental data of yields versus time in most cases were fitted closely to two empirical kinetic models for solid–liquid extraction, parabolic diffusion equation (y = y_o + y₁t^1/2) and power law (y = βtⁿ) with high correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.95–0.99 for total extract yield, and 0.90–0.96 for PS yield. The PS yield was increased more significantly than the total extract yield with the ultrasound intensity. Reducing the particle size and increasing the extraction temperature led to a higher yield and extraction rate; increasing the solid-to-liquid ratio (or decreasing the liquid volume) increased the PS yield and extraction rate but had little influence on the total extract. Significant correlations were found between extraction rate (dy/dt) and ultrasound power density (P/V), and between extract yield (y) and energy density (Pt/V). The kinetic and process parameters are useful for rational design and efficient operation of UAE processes.     

Labeling of nucleosides with fluorescamine and detection by spectrofluorometer for End Stage Renal Disease

Nucleosides are characterized as biomarkers in AIDS, Alzheimer, tumor, breast cancer and various malignant diseases. In the present work a direct method for the detection of nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine, uridine and guanosine) from urine samples has been developed. Nucleosides represent the extent of damage in genetic material, analysis of nucleosides by ultrasonic assisted microextraction effectively eliminates the interfering constituent of urine. This has made it a highly selective and sensitive method to analyze the nucleosides with a lower limit of detection 0.220 μmol/L and Limit of quantitation 0.660 μmol/L. The method has been validated with good linearity and correlation of coefficients of the calibration curves was higher than 0.997. The coefficients were in the range of 0.11–16.92% (inter-day) and 0.38–16.43% (intra-day), respectively.     

Anti-glycated activity prediction of polysaccharides from two guava fruits using artificial neural networks

High-efficiency ultrasonic treatment was used to extract the polysaccharides of Psidium guajava (PPG) and Psidium littorale (PPL). The aims of this study were to compare polysaccharide activities from these two guavas, as well as to investigate the relationship between ultrasonic conditions and anti-glycated activity. A mathematical model of anti-glycated activity was constructed with the artificial neural network (ANN) toolbox of MATLAB software. Response surface plots showed the correlation between ultrasonic conditions and bioactivity. The optimal ultrasonic conditions of PPL for the highest anti-glycated activity were predicted to be 256 W, 60 °C, and 12 min, and the predicted activity was 42.2%. The predicted highest anti-glycated activity of PPG was 27.2% under its optimal predicted ultrasonic condition. The experimental result showed that PPG and PPL possessed anti-glycated and antioxidant activities, and those of PPL were greater. The experimental data also indicated that ANN had good prediction and optimization capability.     

一种新型心电监护治疗系统的研究与实现

介绍了一种新型的心电监护治疗系统,可有效的用于心血管疾病的预防、诊断、监护和治疗。采用小波变换的方法检测和处理心电信号。本文在介绍系统的硬件组成、软件设计的基础上,提出一种基于32位WINDOWS环境、采用多线程技术实现串行通信的新方法,有效地解决了传统多机监护系统串行通信中的迟滞性和不可靠性。     

Approaches to Repigmentation of Vitiligo Skin: New Treatment with Ultrasonic Abrasion,Seed‐Grafting and Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A Therapy

Vitiligo vulgaris is a common disease throughout the world although its pathogenesis is not yet known. The most frequent treatment used for vitiligo is PUVA (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) and topical steroids but against stable refractory vitiligo, various other surgical techniques have been developed such as autografting, epidermal grafting with suction blisters, epithelial sheet grafting, and transplantation of cultured melanocytes. We have discovered a new method using ultrasonic abrasion, seed‐grafting and PUVA therapy. The ultrasonic surgical aspirator abrades only the epidermis of recipient sites. This easily and safely removes only the epidermis, even on spotty lesions or intricate regions which are difficult to remove using a conventional motor‐driven grinder or liquid nitrogen. Epidermal seed‐grafting can cover more area than sheet‐grafting, and subsequent PUVA treatment can enlarge the area of pigmentation with coalescence of adjacent grafts. In this article, we provide a general overview of the current surgical therapies including our method for treating stable refractory vitiligo.     

实验室培养球形棕囊藻溶血毒素的提取、分离及其生成特征

研究从实验室培养的球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)提取溶血毒素的条件,探讨不同生长期球形棕囊藻溶血毒素的生成特征,用薄层色谱法对溶血成份进行了初步分析。结果表明,球形棕囊藻细胞壁的超声波破碎最适条件为：功率600W,4℃下处理30min。对数生长期、平稳期和衰亡期藻细胞适宜处理量分别为每次3000、2000、1000ml;在球形棕囊藻生长的平稳期和衰亡期具有明显的溶血活性,对数生长期溶血活性很低,甚至检测不到。球形棕囊藻溶血毒素至少含有4种糖脂类化合物。