Zoo soundscape: Daily variation of low-to-high-frequency sounds

Most studies assessing the impact of noises on zoo animal welfare did not measure sound frequencies outside of the human-hearing range (infrasounds and ultrasounds). Many nonhuman mammals can hear these frequencies, and because loud and variable soundscapes are potentially detrimental for animal welfare, this overlooked aspect of their acoustic environment could have important consequences. This study evaluated the soundscape of an urban zoo in a large frequency range (17.5–90,510 Hz) by measuring its average sound levels (L_eq) and variability (the difference between highest and lowest peaks). Sound data were collected for 24 hr in 25 locations (e.g., indoor, outdoor, near the amusement park). The soundscape was not considered problematic for animal welfare when looking at the average sound levels in most locations (<77-dB sound pressure level [SPL]), except for a few indoor areas and near the water park. Ultrasounds were rare, had low average sound levels, and were less variable in time. Infrasounds were always present and were the loudest and most variable sound frequencies. The soundscape was louder and more variable during the day and when visitors were present, suggesting that human-related activities were the sources of these augmentations. Indoor environments were generally louder than outdoor environments and touristic features; however, the water park was near 85-dB SPL during the day. On the basis of results, we suggest a series of mitigation actions to minimize noise-related stress in captive animals.     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取太子参多糖工艺研究

本文探讨超声波作用下太子参多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对太子参多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、提取时间和水料比对响应值多糖提取得率均有显著影响,优化得到太子参多糖超声提取最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为74℃;提取时间为65 min;水料比为26 mL/g;超声波功率100 W。在此条件下太子参多糖的提取得率为2.48%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH BAT SPECIES BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ECHOLOCATION CALL PARAMETERS

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have found variability and individual distinctiveness in the echolocation calls of bats. We consider two implications of individually distinct echolocation calls: 1) whether bats may be able to use such variation to recognise familiar conspecifics, and 2) whether investigators could use such variation to identify known individuals or to census populations. We compared the discriminability of the echolocation calls of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) recorded in three situations: (a) while held in the hand, (b) while perched on a platform, and (c) while flying in an anechoic chamber. Using variables describing each sonar call, we employed discriminant function analysis (DFA) to assign calls to recording situation or to bat. Discrimination of calls by recording situation was largely unsuccessful, although flying calls could be distinguished from platform calls. Assignment of calls to individual bat across recording situations yielded 72% success, and, within a given recording situation, yielded 87% success. Stepwise DFA reduced the number of variables needed to discriminate between individuals with only a slight decrease in correct classification. These results suggest that bats (or researchers) may be able to use the information contained in the echolocation calls for individual recognition. Individual distinctiveness raises the possibility of censusing bats by sound. We used cluster analysis in an attempt to determine whether, given a sample of calls from an unknown number of bats, a reasonable estimate of the number of bats could be obtained. Results were unsatisfactory, suggesting that cluster analysis probably will not permit acoustic censusing of bats in the field.     

高强度聚焦超声在药物控制释放的应用及进展

高强度聚焦超声能够以一种非侵入性的方式有效地穿透身体内部组织,聚焦在深层组织中一个很小的空间区域内,产生很强的声能,这些能量被组织吸收引起局部温度的升高。当温度到达热敏脂质体的相变温度时,磷脂烷基链构象的会发生改变,导致脂质体的通透性增强,从而能够促进药物的释放。因此,高强度聚焦超声可以被用作外源刺激控制体内特定位置热敏脂质体的药物释放。本文对高强度聚焦超声在药物控制释放领域的应用及进展进行综述。     

三种药物联合治疗假丝酵母菌性阴道炎的临床疗效评价

目的:研究克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取2014年9月到2015年6月我院就诊的复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎患者60例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组,每组30例,实验组给予克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗,对照组给予克霉唑阴道片和定君生栓治疗,治疗前检测所有患者病原菌分布情况,治疗后随访3个月,分析两组临床疗效和不良反应。结果:细菌培养结果共分离出158株假丝酵母菌,其中白色假丝酵母菌最多,占66.46%;实验组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的76.67%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎具有较好的临床疗效,且无明显不良反应。     

基于频谱图像灰度共生矩阵的无损测温方法

本文提出了一种基于哈达玛变换的频谱图像灰度共生矩阵(Hadamard-GLCM)的高强度聚焦超声治疗无损测温方法。利用高强度聚焦超声辐照新鲜离体猪肉组织,获取辐照前后的B超图像的减影图像,采用Hadamard变换对其进行处理,获取频谱图像,将频谱图像的灰度共生矩阵惯性矩作为反应温度变化的信息参数。实验表明:不仅单组数据的Hadamard-GLCM惯性矩(HGMI)和温度能很好的线性拟合,而且多组数据的Hadamard-GLCM惯性矩与温度也成近似的线性关系,而且斜率非常接近,拟合度更接近1,误差小,对温度的分辨能力高,容错能力强,与传统的测温方法相比有着明显的优势,能为HIFU治疗过程中的无损测温提供有效的实时依据。     

超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的66例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者术前均经钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析其病理结果,分析钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声及二者联合对乳腺肿块的检查结果(边缘毛刺征、血管、淋巴结、微小钙化),比较其对乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:66例患者中,经病理检查发现恶性肿瘤34例,良性肿瘤32例。与病理检测相比,彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的良恶性检出率无差异性(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声,钼靶X线的良恶性检出率均显著降低(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线良恶性检出率对比无差异(P0.05),但均低于彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的检出率(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的边缘毛刺征的检出率对比无统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声对血管和淋巴结的检出率明显高于钼靶X线,而微小钙化的检出率明显低于钼靶X线,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于彩色多普勒超声及钼靶X线(P0.05),钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声间对比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm乳腺癌的诊断各有优势,二者联合应用的诊断价值优于单一诊断方法。