经颅多普勒超声对脑血管状态与人格特征相关性研究

目的：研究脑血管状态与人格特征的相关性。方法：人格特征应用A 型行为类型量表、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对60 名20-35岁青年人群进行问卷调查,并划分出不同类型;脑血管状态应用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）的诊断技术测查60 人的大脑中动脉（MCV）的血流速度来判断脑血管的紧张程度。结果：脑血管紧张组：A 型人格为19 人占59.3%,对照组：A 型人格为3 人占10.7%,以A 型人格占优势（x2 =22.85,P〈0.01）。脑血管紧张组（36.2± 5.8）A 型行为问卷平均得分高于对照组（20.3± 2.4））（t=6.81,P〈0.01）。脑血管紧张组P分、N 分、L分与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;脑血管紧张组E分（内外向）高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。四种性格类型相比,外向情绪不稳定型的脑血管紧张组13（40.6%）与对照组4（14.3%）相比所占比例较高（x2 =21.91, P〈0.05）。结论：A 型人格,外向不稳定的人格特征与脑血流速度增快有关,可能是脑血管紧张的诱发因素之一。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合阿普唑仑治疗失眠症伴焦虑患者的效果分析

摘要 目的：研究重复经颅磁刺激以及阿普唑仑联用治疗失眠症伴焦虑患者的效果。方法：选择2015年1月～2019年12月我院神经内科收治的81例失眠症伴焦虑患者,将其随机分为两组。对照组每晚在睡前30 min服用阿普唑仑0.8 mg,观察组联用重复经颅磁刺激。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后焦虑评分、生活质量和睡眠质量评分的变化。结果：治疗后,观察组的有效率为95.00 %,明显高于对照组(73.17 %,P<0.05);两组焦虑评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),心理领域、社会领域、环境领域和生理领域评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组的焦虑评分和心理领域、社会领域、环境领域、生理领域评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组的睡眠持续性、主观睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能、睡眠潜伏期、安眠药物和入睡时间评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：重复经颅磁刺激以及阿普唑仑联用治疗失眠症伴焦虑患者的效果明显优于单用阿普唑仑治疗,其能有效减轻其焦虑程度,提高患者生活质量及睡眠质量。     

超声检查在乳腺癌诊断中价值的探讨

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值。方法：对60例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块病例的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果：乳腺癌诊断中,大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则、边缘粗糙、边界不清、内部回声不均匀、后方回声衰减。恶性肿块的血流显示率明显高,血流分布以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主。结论：二维声像图及彩色多普勒在乳腺癌诊断方面有较高的临床应用价值。由于良恶性肿物的影像互有交叉,其诊断符合率并非是100%。须两者联合应用,综合分析,方可提高超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率。     

超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤内凝血酶注射加加压治疗的应用价值

目的：评价超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法：在彩色多普勒超声引导下,采用20 G穿刺针经皮穿刺,对30例经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者行瘤腔内注射凝血酶封闭治疗同时行加压压迫治疗,凝血酶浓度为200 U/ml,总量均≤500 U,压迫治疗力量以病人能耐受,足背动脉搏动可触及为标准,加压时间为24小时。结果：30例患者均1次治疗成功,术中及术后无并发症发生,术后随访3个月无复发。结论：超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

Effect of dinoprost and cloprostenol on serum nitric oxide and corpus luteum blood flow during luteolysis in ewes

In this study we compared the effect of dinoprost and cloprostenol on changes of corpus luteum blood flow during luteolysis. Ten nonlactating cyclic ewes were synchronized with double PGF_2α injections 11 days apart. At Day 10, the animals were classified into 2 groups and received the third dose of PGF_2α after confirmation of the presence of a mature CL. The first group received (12.5 mg/im) dinoprost and the second group received (250 μg/im) cloprostenol. A color Doppler ultrasound scan was performed by the same operator according to the following timeline: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours, then every 24 hours until Day 4). The size, morphology, and blood flow of the CL was evaluated during the regression. The results showed that regression of the CL did not differ between the dinoprost and cloprostenol groups. There was no significant effect on diameter of the CL in both groups, though the size of the CL decreased gradually and slowly. Pretreatment progesterone concentration did not differ between groups. The results showed that the nitric oxide level was significantly increased within half an hour after the dinoprost treatment, and was significantly decreased in the cloprostenol group after half an hour. The blood velocity was increased significantly half an hour after the dinoprost treatment and it was decreased in the cloprostenol-treated group. In conclusion, both cloprostenol and dinoprost affect CL by controlling the nitric oxide level and blood supply of the CL via different mechanisms to induce luteolysis.     

Extremely high frequency sensitivity in a ‘simple’ ear

An evolutionary war is being played out between the bat, which uses ultrasonic calls to locate insect prey, and the moth, which uses microscale ears to listen for the approaching bat. While the highest known frequency of bat echolocation calls is 212 kHz, the upper limit of moth hearing is considered much lower. Here, we show that the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is capable of hearing ultrasonic frequencies approaching 300 kHz; the highest frequency sensitivity of any animal. With auditory frequency sensitivity that is unprecedented in the animal kingdom, the greater wax moth is ready and armed for any echolocation call adaptations made by the bat in the on-going bat–moth evolutionary war.     

Effect of maintaining neck flexion on anti-saccade reaction time: an investigation using transcranial magnetic stimulation to the frontal oculomotor field

Background

Reaction time for anti-saccade, in which the gaze is directed to the position opposite to an illuminated target, shortens during maintenance of neck flexion. The present study applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the frontal oculomotor field, and investigated the effect of maintaining neck flexion on information processing time in the anti-saccade neural pathway before the frontal oculomotor field.

Methods

The reaction time was measured with the chin resting on a stand (‘chin-on’ condition) and with voluntary maintenance of neck flexion (‘chin-off’ condition) at 80% maximal neck flexion angle, with and without TMS. The TMS timing producing the longest prolongation of the reaction time was first roughly identified for 10 ms intervals from 0 to 180 ms after the target presentation. Thereafter, TMS timing was set finely at 2 ms intervals from −20 to +20 ms of the 10 ms step that produced the longest prolongation.

Results

The reaction time without TMS was significantly shorter (21.9 ms) for the chin-off (235.9 ± 14.9 ms) than for the chin-on (257.5 ± 17.1 ms) condition. Furthermore, TMS timing producing maximal prolongation of the reaction time was significantly earlier (18.6 ms) for the chin-off than the chin-on condition. The ratio of the forward shift in TMS timing relative to the reduction in reaction time was 87.8%.

Conclusions

We confirmed that information processing time in the anti-saccade neural pathway before the frontal oculomotor field shortened while neck flexion was maintained, and that this reduction time accounted for approximately 88% of the shortening of reaction time.     

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.     

彩色多普勒超声检查对胎儿颅内畸形筛查的应用价值及染色体异常分析

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对胎儿颅内畸形筛查的应用价值,并进行染色体异常分析。方法：选择2016年2月至2019年5月本院收治的进行胎儿颅内畸形筛查的高危孕妇120例,所有孕妇都给予彩色多普勒二维超声与三维超声筛查,对超声筛查异常者进行染色体异常分析,记录预后情况。结果：在120例孕妇中,二维超声诊断为胎儿颅内畸形12例,三维超声诊断为13例(预后都确诊为胎儿颅内畸形)。染色体核型筛查检出胎儿颅内畸形12例,其中21-三体综合征8例,18-三体综合征3例,13-三体综合征1例。确诊为胎儿颅内畸形的孕妇超声NT值都显著高于非胎儿颅内畸形孕妇,差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇选择终止妊娠10例,选择继续妊娠3例,继续妊娠3例胎儿都最终死亡。结论：产前彩色多普勒超声结合染色体核型在胎儿颅内畸形筛查中具有很高的价值,两者可互相补充,共同发挥诊断与预后评估价值。     

组织多普勒Tei指数对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿心功能的评估价值及母婴预后与血糖控制水平的关系研究

目的:探讨组织多普勒Tei指数对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇胎儿心功能的评估价值,并分析母婴预后与血糖控制水平的关系。方法:选取2017年1月到2018年6月期间在我院行产前检查的GDM孕妇80例,根据血糖控制情况将其分为良好组(48例)和不良组(32例)。另选取同期在我院行产前检查的并在我院生产的健康孕妇50例作为对照组。比较三组研究对象的等容收缩时间(ICT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、射血时间(ET)、Tei指数、妊娠结局以及新生儿并发症。结果:不良组的ET小于良好组和对照组,Tei指数大于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),不良组的巨大儿、早产、羊水过多、胎儿窘迫的发生率高于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),不良组的新生儿低血糖、高胆红素血症的发生率高于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:组织多普勒Tei指数对GDM孕妇胎儿心功能具有较高的评估价值,可敏感地检测出胎儿心功能异常,血糖控制不良会明显增加不良妊娠结局和新生儿并发症的发生率。