负压渗透处理对花粉管加载荧光染料的影响

该研究采用负压渗透技术,以正常培养2 h的丰水梨花粉为实验材料,探索负压渗透条件下,花粉管中加载Ca²⁺荧光探针(Fluo 4/AM)的方法。结果显示：(1)将花粉及花粉管进行负压处理2 h,花粉萌发率及花粉管的活性没有受到影响。(2)对培养2 h后的花粉管进行不同条件下的负压渗透处理,辅助荧光探针Fluo 4/AM进入花粉管;激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现,在低温(4 ℃)条件下,负压(-80 kPa)渗透加载荧光探针30 min,花粉管尖端可以观察到明显的Ca²⁺梯度。(3)抑制花粉管外Ca²⁺内流或降低花粉管外Ca²⁺浓度,花粉管中荧光密度也显著降低。研究认为,负压渗透辅助加载的方法可以有效促进荧光探针进入花粉管细胞内与Ca²⁺结合。     

新疆棉花黄萎病株内生真菌荧光定量检测及时空动态分析

【背景】棉花黄萎病严重制约新疆棉花持续高产和稳产,内生菌在棉花黄萎病生物防治中潜力巨大。棉花黄萎病发生与内生菌有密切关系,但棉花黄萎病株内生真菌含量的研究鲜见报道。【目的】了解棉花黄萎病株内生真菌数量的时空动态变化及其与黄萎病病原数量的关系。【方法】用TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR方法对棉花黄萎病株内生真菌数量进行周年动态测定,分析棉花内生真菌数量与黄萎病原菌数量的关系。【结果】不同生育时期棉花植株根部内生真菌数量表现出不同变化趋势。库尔勒棉花吐絮期根部最大值达1.46×10~9 copies/g FRW,阿拉尔棉花根部内生真菌数量表现为蕾期缓慢上升,花铃期达到最大值,为8.30×10~7 copies/g FRW。棉花根部内生真菌数量以南疆棉区库尔勒的数量最高,吐絮期平均达1.46×10~9 copies/g FRW;其次为阿拉尔,花期平均达8.30×10~7 copies/g FRW;精河最少,苗期平均为1.85×10~4 copies/g FRW。棉花根部内生真菌数量的空间变化趋势是南疆、东疆、北疆依次递减:南疆库尔勒和阿拉尔内生真菌数量较高,库尔勒吐絮期达到最大值1.46×10~9 copies/g FRW,其次为阿拉尔8.30×10~7 copies/g FRW,精河最低1.85×10~4 copies/g FRW。精河棉花内生真菌数量与黄萎病病原菌数量显著正相关,其皮尔逊相关系数高达0.639。石河子和哈密棉花内生真菌与黄萎病病原菌呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.180和-0.275。其他内生真菌与黄萎病病原菌之间存在正相关,但相关性不显著。【结论】棉花黄萎病株根部内生真菌含量较高,内生真菌数量均随采样棉花生育时期和采样地点不同而呈现波动性变化,内生真菌数量最大值出现在库尔勒花铃期。     

Application of hydrolysis probe analysis to identify clade types of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles funestus sensu stricto from Muheza,northeastern Tanzania

A hydrolysis probe analysis (TaqMan assay) was used to study clade types in Anopheles funestus sensu stricto Giles, a major malaria vector in sub‐Saharan Africa, with specimens collected from Muheza in Tanga, northeastern Tanzania. A total of 186 An. funestus specimens were analysed, revealing that 176 (94.6%) were of clade I and 10 (5.4%) of clade II. These findings extend the distribution of clade type II from southern Mozambique and northern Zambia to northeastern Tanzania. The technique used can also be of great value in assessing the role and contribution of these clade types in malaria transmission and insecticide resistance frequencies for An. funestus s.s.     

Molecular cloning and DNA homology of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase genes

Summary Molecular cloning of DNA fragments between 1.5 and 8kb from BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, SalI, or Sau3A digests permitted the isolation of structural genes coding for TEM-1, ROB-1, OXA-1, OXA-3, OXA-4, OXA-5, PSE-1, PSE-2, PSE-3, PSE-4, CARB-3, CARB-4, AER-1, and LCR-1 -lactamases. Ampicillin-resistant clones were selected and it was confirmed that they contained the respective -lactamase genes by isoelectric focusing. Detailed physical maps of 14 different recombinant plasmids were constructed using 8 restriction endonucleases. Plasmid deletions and lacZ fusions were used to localize the -lactamase structural genes. DNA probes were constructed for the TEM01, ROB-1, OXA-1, and PSE-1 genes. Under conditions of high stringency, hybridization was observed between the genes for TEM-1 and TEM-2 or TLE-1, OXA-1 and OXA-4, and PSE-1 and PSE-4 or CARB-3, while the ROB-1 gene probe showed no cross-hybridization. Such bla gene probes should facilitate studies of -lactamase molecular epidemiology.     

A dot-blot screening procedure for mutated ras oncogenes using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides

To analyze human tumors for the presence of mutated ras oncogenes, a procedure was developed based on selective hybridization of mutation-specific oligodeoxynucleotide probes to genomic DNA [Bos et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 9155–9163]. We have improved this procedure both in sensitivity and speed by including an in vitro amplification step of ras-specific sequences. This amplification step has first been described by Saiki et al. [ Science 230 (1985) 1350–1353] and results in a more than 10⁴-fold increase in the sequence which might contain the mutation. Furthermore, we have improved the selectivity of our hybridizations. As a result, mutated ras oncogenes can now be detected with a dot-blot screening procedure requiring less than 1 μg of tumor DNA.     

The effects of mitochondrial energetics inhibitors on the fluorescence of potential-sensitive dyes rhodamine 123 and DiS-C3-(5) in lymphocyte suspensions

The effects of uncouplers (FCCP, DNF), oligomycin, and rotenone on the fluorescence of potential-sensitive dyes, rhodamine 123 and diS-C₃-(5), in lymphocyte suspensions were compared. The fluorescence of these optical probes gradually increased at higher FCCP concentrations. The dependences of fluorescence intensities and FCCP concentrations were similar for both dyes, and only diS-C₃-(5) fluorescence started increasing at lower FCCP concentrations. Rotenone (1 µM) significantly increased rhodamine 123 fluorescence. TMPD-induced and uncoupler-induced diS-C₃-(5) fluorescence changes increased 1.5- to 2-fold if the incubation mixture was supplemented with oligomycin (0.1–0.2 µg/ml). The fluorescence responses of the dyes in the lymphocyte suspension correlate with the effects of mitochondrial energetics inhibitors on _m in isolated mitochondria. The results suggest the possibility of using these dyes for estimating the direction of the _m changes in the lymphocyte suspension.Abbreviations _m difference in electrical potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane - _p difference in electrical potentials across the plasma membrane - TMPD N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine - DNP 2,4-dinitrophenol - FCCP carbonyl cyanidep-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone - diS-C₃-(5) 3,3-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine - MOPS morpholinopropane sulfonic acid     

植物叶绿体4.5S核糖体rRNA作为分子杂交探针的研究

我们提取纯化了芹菜,菠菜和蕃茄叶绿体核糖体4.5SRNA(4.5SrRNA)并在其5’端标记~(32)P,作为探针与菠菜,蕃茄和芹菜叶绿体DNA(ctDNA)进行分子杂交。结果不仅证明4.5SrRNA可作为公用分子杂交探针,而且也说明不同植物4.5SrRNA序列有相当大的同源性。     

Inversion of extracellular current and axial voltage profile inChara andNitella

Summary Reducing the pH of the bathing solution from 8.2 to pH 6 can induce an inversion of the extracellular current pattern that develops at the surface ofChara corallina internodal cells. A similar result can be obtained on some cells by changing the medium to a pH value of 10. In noninvertingChara cells the currents were strongly reduced when the pH value of the medium was changed between 3 and 11. Simultaneous measurements of theChara transmembrane potential in the acid and alkaline regions revealed that a light-induced electrical potential gradient of approximately 24 mV was present in the axial (or longitudinal) direction. Correlated to the external current pattern inversion was an inversion of this internal longitudinal voltage gradient. Reillumination ofNitella cells, after a period of darkness, often resulted in a complete inversion of the extracellular current pattern. These results are discussed in terms of spatial and temporal control of membrane transport processes, and in particular the control of current loops that pass through these cells.     

克隆化探针中载体与临床样品同源性的研究

当前,克隆化探针(由病毒核酸片段和细菌质粒一载体组成)在临床样品的实验诊断和研究中得到了应用。它具有简便、快速、灵敏等优点,并有助于检测那些难于或不能培养的病毒。但是克隆化探针中载体与临床样品的同源性问题应引起重视。我们用常见的克隆载体pBR322作探针,用核酸点杂交和Southern吸印方法,检测了来自173人的213例样品。结果表明,在常用的临床样品:人宫颈脱落细胞、宫颈活检组织、血液中都含有pBR322 DNA的同源序列,这就意味着如果用克隆化探针检测这些临床样品时,可能出现样品与载体发生非特异性反应,而不是与病毒基因片段的特异性反应。实验还表明,经一次电泳纯化的病毒基因片段与pBR322探针杂交,阳性信号明显减弱,但没有完全消失,说明仍有少量pBR322污染。因此,在运用克隆化探针检测临床各类样品时,各系统要按常规设载体探针对照,或者用多次纯化的分离病毒基因片段作探针,以排除载体与临床样品的同源性问题。