The ontogenetic development of the follicular dendritic cell

Summary After intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP complexes in 21-day-old rats, complex trapping occurs on reticulum cells, forming the stroma of primary follicles of spleens. After intravenous injection of the same complexes in young adult rats (48 days old), trapping occurs on characteristic follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) located in well-developed germinal centers. These results strongly suggest that the follicular dendritic cell originates from a reticulum cell.Abbreviations FDC follicular dendritic cell - FRC fibroblastic reticulum cells - HRP horseradish peroxidase - RC reticulum cell     

In vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide on lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in the mouse spleen

Summary In the present study the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the cellular composition and phagocytosis of India ink in the inner parts of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS) are described.Staining for B-, T-lymphocytes, and reticulin fibers in the spleen of normal and LPS-injected mice shows that the B-dependent follicular area is increased in size after LPS administration. However, the number of T-lymphocytes in the inner PALS is reduced markedly and a relatively high number of B-lymphocytes can be found in this area. The significance of this phenomenon is discussed.In untreated mouse spleen, carbon particles become localized in strongly acid-phosphatase (AP)-positive macrophages of the red pulp, marginal zone and white pulp 24 h after an intravenous injection of India ink. All these macrophages contain numerous carbon particles. After LPS pretreatment, the phagocytosis of carbon particles in the inner PALS is dramatically diminished, although many strongly AP-positive macrophages can be found in this area. The phagocytosis of carbon particles in the other compartments of the spleen did not change. It appears that injection of 2 g LPS or more is sufficient to induce this phenomenon which is most significant when LPS is injected 24 or 48 h before exposure to India ink.Abbreviations LPS lipopolysaccharide - PALS periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath - AP acid phosphatase - IDC interdigitating cells     

Effect of age on phagocytosis of carbon in the rat

The half-life of intravenously injected colloidal carbon increases with age of the rat if the dose of carbon is in proportion to body weight. An equation was found for the change in half-life as a function of body weight. By the use of the equation of Gompertz we have derived a curve relating half-life of colloidal carbon to age of the rat. A large part of the variation of phagocytic activity with age can be removed by allowing for the change in relative spleen weight that occurs with age, or by the use of a constant dose of carbon instead of a dose proportionate to body weight.     

苓桂术甘汤对老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素及血液流变学的影响

摘要 目的：研究苓桂术甘汤对老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者的临床治疗效果,并探讨治疗对患者胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素和血液流变学的影响。方法：选取2020年1月到2021年10月在我院接受治疗的老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者120例,按治疗方式分为对照组以及研究组,对照组患者给予常规药物治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上加用苓桂术甘汤进行治疗,比较两组患者临床治疗疗效和治疗前后生活质量评分、中医症候积分、血清胃蛋白酶I和II、血清胃泌素-17、血液流变学。结果：（1）研究组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（93.33 % vs 75.00 %,P<0.05）;（2）治疗后,两组患者的生活质量评分升高,而中医症候积分降低,且研究组优于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）两组患者治疗后血胃蛋白酶I和II、血清胃泌素-17均显著降低,并且治疗后研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;（4）两组患者治疗后血液流变学指标（高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度和血浆黏度）均显著降低,并且研究组降低程度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：加用苓桂术甘汤治疗老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良可显著提高临床治疗疗效,改善患者生活质量,降低患者血清胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素以及血流变学指标表达。     

脾氨肽辅助抗结核药物治疗肺结核的临床疗效观察

摘要 目的：观察脾氨肽辅助抗结核药物治疗肺结核的临床疗效。方法：随机数值表法将2016年6月～2021年6月本院收治的120例肺结核患者分为观察组、对照组。对照组予常规抗结核药物治疗,观察组予脾氨肽辅助抗结核药物治疗。评价两组肺部病灶变化情况、肺部空洞变化情况;检测两组治疗2、4、6个月时痰培养转阴率;检测两组治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值。结果：观察组肺部病灶变化、肺部空洞变化疗效的总有效率分别为95.00%、93.33%,明显高于对照组的83.33%、80.00%（P＜0.05）。两组在治疗6个月时的痰培养转阴率无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但观察组在治疗2、4个月时的痰培养转阴率均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前及对照组治疗前后的CD3⁺、CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但观察组治疗后的CD3⁺、CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均显著高于本组治疗前及对照组治疗后（P＜0.05）。结论：脾氨肽辅助抗结核药物治疗肺结核有助于提升临床疗效,可能与提升患者的免疫功能水平有关,值得临床进一步研究。     

WHBE兔脾虚型肠易激综合征模型舌象病理组织形态学观察

目的观察脾虚型肠易激综合征模型WHBE兔活体舌象和舌组织病理形态学的变化。方法采用湿热应激复合番泻叶致脾虚型肠易激综合征兔模型,观察造模及自然恢复后WHBE兔和日本大耳白兔活体舌象和舌组织病理形态学的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,脾虚型肠易激综合征模型兔舌色淡红,舌质嫩;背隆起前后固有层乳头密度明显降低（P〈0．01）,基底层核分裂相频数减少（P〈0．01）,舌下角质层和上皮层厚度均明显增厚（P〈0．01）,且角质层／上皮层比值明显增加（P〈0．01）,且WHBE兔菌状乳头密度显著降低（P〈0．05）;自然恢复10d后,自然恢复组实验兔背隆起前后固有层乳头密度仍显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,舌下角质层厚度明显大于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,且WHBE兔的上皮层厚度显著高于正常对照组（P〈O．05）,日本大耳白兔角质层,上皮层比值显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论脾虚型肠易激综合征可能与机体营养、代谢相关。     

汞离子及铬离子对黄鳝脾免疫细胞的影响

采用毒性实验方法,用不同浓度的汞离子(Hg2+)、铬离子(Cr6+)分别处理黄鳝(Monopterusalbus),经1、2、4、8 d后,通过光镜观察黄鳝脾组织结构及免疫细胞数量的变化。结果表明,对照组黄鳝脾被膜较薄,未见明显的小梁,实质由红髓和白髓构成。白髓中淋巴细胞聚集成群,未见明显脾小结,但可见动脉周围淋巴鞘。红髓由脾索与脾窦组成。脾中有椭圆体,其末端向脾髓开放。黑色素巨噬细胞中心形成。经两种重金属离子分别染毒后的黄鳝脾与对照组相比,组织结构表现出相似的变化,即随着重金属离子浓度的增加和染毒时间的延长,脾组织中的黑色素巨噬细胞中心逐渐增大、增多,最后减少;黑色素巨噬细胞先增加后减少。淋巴组织逐渐松散,排列稀疏混乱,淋巴细胞界限逐渐不清晰,呈退化趋势,数量先增加后减少。粒细胞数量的变化趋势与淋巴细胞一致。红血细胞大量破坏,血窦扩张。     

Effect of sesamol on radiation-induced cytotoxicity in Swiss albino mice

The radio-protective ability of sesamol (SM) at various doses viz., 0, 10, 25, 40, 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg bw, administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to 9.5 Gy whole-body γ-irradiation was studied in Swiss albino mice. Radiation toxicity and mortality were observed during a period of 30 days and the percentage mortality was calculated. SM pretreatment with 50 mg/kg bw was found to be the most effective dose in maintaining body weight and in reducing the percentage mortality, while 100 mg/kg bw was found to be more effective in maintaining the spleen index and in stimulation of endogenous spleen colony-forming units. Pretreatment with SM (50 mg/kg bw) in mice irradiated with 15 Gy significantly reduced dead, inflammatory, mitotic and goblet cells in irradiated jejunum. SM at 50 mg/kg bw also increased crypt cells, maintained villus height, and prevented mucosal erosion. Nuclear enlargement in epithelial cells was found less in SM-treated mice compared with the irradiated control. The radiation-induced decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GST, catalase) and the increase in lipid peroxidation were also reduced by pretreatment with SM [50 and 100 mg/kg bw] at all monitored post-irradiation intervals. There was no protection at a dose less than 25 mg/kg bw.     

Specific localization of epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein in dendritic cells of splenic white pulp

Dendritic cells in the splenic white pulp of mice were intensely immunoreactive for epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP). This specific immunostaining revealed a clear difference in morphology between the dendritic cells in the periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) and follicular dendritic cells in the follicles in terms of cell sizes and process branching. No immunoreactivity was detected in dendritic cells in the marginal zones and the red pulp, although endothelial cells of almost all capillaries in the red pulp were immunoreactive for E-FABP. After peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, the immunoreactive cells in PALS progressively enlarged and became rounded in shape with a peak in size at 24 h postinjection and they eventually resumed the dendritic form at 48 h postinjection. Within each of the enlarged immunoreactive cell perikarya were included small immunonegative apoptotic cells, presumptive lymphocytes. Taken together, E-FABP is useful as a marker for dendritic cells in the splenic white pulp, and may be involved through combination with fatty acids in antigen presentation and retention as well as in cytokine production.