播种密度和基肥条件对晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响

研究了1995年晚季不同播种密度和不同基肥对华南稻区晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响。结果表明,在2种播种密度和5种基肥构成的10个处理中,秧苗叶龄、苗高和假茎宽等均无明显差异。在播种量为125g m-2条件下,虽然秧苗的总生长量较低,但其干/鲜重比值仍较播种密度为65gm-2略高;不同处理间的功能叶叶绿素含量(a b)、白根数/株和根活力呈显著差异,其中以沤熟有机肥和高无机肥用量作基肥的处理效果明显优于低无机肥用量作基肥的处理。因此,在进行旱育秧苗床培肥中,应注意以施用有机肥为主,适当补充无机肥,才能获得根系发达、活力强的健壮旱秧,为移栽后的叶蘖早发打基础。     

利用RFLP标记分析一对水稻籼粳交双单倍体的基因型

对一对籼(Oryza sativa ssp.indica)粳(O.sativa ssp.japonica)(“圭630”/“02428”)杂种进行花药培养获得81个双单倍体(DH),构建了有233个RFLP标记的水稻遗传连锁图谱。对各DH系的“圭630”等位基因组频率及图示基因型进行了分析。结果表明,该DH群体的平均基因组频率为49％,各DH系分布在29.3％～78.6％之间,集中分布在44％～49％之间;有130个RFLP标记出现显著的偏分离,偏父本与偏母本分离的标记数基本相等;同向偏分离的标记常集中在一些染色体或染色体的某些区段;各染色体的平均基因组频率分布在29％～65％之间,出现明显的偏父或偏母分离;一些DH中出现其特征完全来于某一亲本的染色体,可能与这些染色体在减数分裂期的同源配对和交换有关。     

Genetic analysis of morphological index and its related taxonomic traits for classification of indica/japonica rice

A doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17 F₁, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used in this study. Morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were investigated in 121 DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were analyzed. Two major QTLs for leaf hairiness, three QTLs for length/width of grain, one QTL for color of hull when heading, one QTL for hairiness of hull, two QTLs for length of the first and second panicle internode, and one major QTL and two QTLs for phenol reaction were detected. Four QTLs for morphological index were also identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 6, respectively, three of which on chromosomes 1, 3 and 6, respectively, were found to be located in the same chromosome regions where some QTLs for the related taxonomic traits were located.     

Eimeria taterae sp. n. and other Intestinal Parasites from the Antelope Rat, Tatera indica in Baghdad District

SYNOPSIS. Of 8 fecal specimens from the antelope rat, Tatera indica Hardwicke examined, 4 were found positive for intestinal parasites. Among these was Eimeria taterae sp. n., sporulated oocysts of which are described, their characteristics serving for the diagnosis of this species. Entamoeba coli cysts, as well as ova of Hymenolepis sp. and Trichuris sp., were also found.     

低温预处理影响籼稻花药培养效率的研究

低温预处理使籼稻花药在培养初期退化花粉百分率低于对照;多核花粉百分率明显高于对照。经过低温预处理的花药来见新的可溶性蛋白谱带出现;淀粉酶同工酶谱带少和弱于对照,过氧化物酶同工酶中碱性区活性初期弱而后期强于对照。低温处理使药壁组织衰退进程有所延缓,但未能制止衰退,也未出现如粳稻中所见的药壁细胞充实发育的现象。低温预处理只能稍微延缓籼稻药壁组织的衰退进程,有限度地促进籼稻花药培养效率。     

机械刺激对匍匐茎型植物蛇莓(Duchesnea indica)克隆可塑性的影响（英文）

机械刺激(mechanical stimuli, MS)在自然界的分布较为普遍,然而关于机械刺激对匍匐茎型克隆植物影响的研究相对较少。为此,实验对匍匐茎型克隆植物蛇莓(Duchesneaindica)进行了对照(无机械刺激)、克隆片段顶部刺激、半克隆片段刺激和整克隆片段刺激共四个水平的机械刺激处理,通过研究蛇莓克隆生长的响应,探讨机械刺激对其作用机理。结果表明:与对照相比,机械刺激导致蛇莓产生较多的分株、较多的匍匐茎、短而细的叶柄及较多的根生物量分配。同时,不同作用位点的机械刺激对各生理生长指标的效应差异并不显著。另外,通过对各生长指标表型可塑性指数的分析发现,分株数具有较高的可塑性指数。上述实验结果表明,蛇莓可以较好地适应机械刺激干扰的生境,其分株数可以作为其响应程度的较好的指示指标。     

马兰化学成分研究 （Ⅱ）

采用冷渗漉提取的方法提取马兰的化学成分。经硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定。从80%乙醇冷渗漉提取物的水不溶物中分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别为正十六烷酸(1)、6-羟基-桉烷-4(14)-烯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、α-菠菜甾醇(4)、香草醛(5)、β-20(21),24-二烯-达玛烷-3-酮(6)、豆甾醇(7)、木栓酮(8)、羽扇豆酮(9)、α-香树脂醇(10)、表木栓醇(11)、神经酰胺(12)。化合物2、6、9、12均为首次从该种植物中分得。     

Environmentally-induced functional specialization for locally abundant resources in the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica

Reciprocally patchy environments, where the availability of two resources are patchily distributed and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. Interconnected ramets of clonal plants can specialize in the uptake of locally abundant resources. Ramet pairs of the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica were grown in reciprocally patchy environments i.e., one ramet of a pair was grown in the high light but low water patch (high light patch) and the other in the low light but high water patch (high water patch). Biomass allocation pattern (root-shoot ratio), morphological traits (leaf area and root length) and physiological traits (photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content) were altered in a way that potentially enables ramets to enhance the capture of the locally abundant resource (i.e., increase the capture of light resource in the high light patch and of water in the high water patch). As a result,biomass and number of ramets in the connected ramet pairs were greatly improved. Functional specialization of ramets, modified by clonal integration, may have contributed greatly to the growth increase of D. indica in the reciprocally patchy environment.     

栽培稻种子含氮量的基因型差异

采用田间试验研究了421个常规籼稻、63个常规粳稻和82个籼型杂交稻品种种子含氮量的基因型差异。结果表明,栽培稻种子含氮量变幅在0.85%~2.55%,平均为1.39%。种子平均含氮量最高的是籼型杂交稻,高达1.46%,显著高于常规粳稻(1.39%)和常规籼稻(1.37%)。不同类型的栽培稻种子含氮量呈正态分布,但频数分布最高的区间存在一定的差异。以50%品种的种子含氮量(累积百分数从25%~75%)为依据,常规籼稻、常规粳稻、籼型杂交稻分别集中在1.21%~1.52%、1.21%~1.51%、1.36%~1.53%。LSR测验表明,籼型杂交稻极差显著小于常规籼稻和常规粳稻,但常规粳稻与常规籼稻的差异未达显著水平,即籼型杂交稻种子含氮量比常规籼稻和常规粳稻的分布更加集中。不同类型栽培稻内的种子含氮量极差较大,可分为若干组,且各组间达极显著差异。     

胡椒、芒果和黄皮的化感作用潜力

以胡椒、芒果和黄皮作为供体,玉米、黄豆、南瓜、花生、萝卜、稗草、马唐、柱花草为受体,通过种子萌发法和根生长法测定胡椒、芒果和黄皮的化感作用潜力.结果表明,玉米、黄豆、南瓜、稗草和马唐的萌发和根生长都受到3种供体水浸提液的影响,3种供体水浸提液在高浓度下抑制而在低浓度下则促进受体的萌发和根生长;胡椒和芒果根系周围的土壤对玉米萌发和根生长有促进作用而对花生的萌发和根生长则有抑制作用.3种供体的水浸提液通过乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取分离成不同极性的三相后分别对玉米、萝卜和柱花草进行处理.结果表明,胡椒和芒果浸提液的水相与正丁醇相对受体的抑制作用明显强于乙酸乙酯相,表明胡椒和芒果的化感物质具有较强的极性.