The routine metabolic rate of mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus: Sciaenidae) and yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi: Carangidae) acclimated to six different temperatures

This study compared the mass-specific routine metabolic rate (RMR) of similar sized mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), a sedentary species, and yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi), a highly active species, acclimated at one of several temperatures ranging from 10–35 °C. Respirometry was carried out in an open-top static system and RMR corrected for seawater–atmosphere O₂ exchange using mass-balance equations. For both species RMR increased linearly with increasing temperature (T). RMR for mulloway was 5.78T − 29.0 mg O₂ kg^− 0.8 h^− 1 and for yellowtail kingfish was 12.11T − 39.40 mg O₂ kg^− 0.8 h^− 1. The factorial difference in RMR between mulloway and yellowtail kingfish ranged from 2.8 to 2.2 depending on temperature. The energetic cost of routine activity can be described as a function of temperature for mulloway as 1.93T − 9.68 kJ kg^− 0.8 day^− 1 and for yellowtail kingfish as 4.04T − 13.14 kJ kg^− 0.8 day^− 1. Over the full range of temperatures tested Q₁₀ values were approximately 2 for both species while Q₁₀ responses at each temperature increment varied considerably with mulloway and yellowtail kingfish displaying thermosensitivities indicative of each species respective niche habitat. RMR for mulloway was least thermally dependent at 28.5 °C and for yellowtail kingfish at 22.8 °C. Activation energies (E_a) calculated from Arrhenius plots were not significantly different between mulloway (47.6 kJ mol^− 1) and yellowtail kingfish (44.1 kJ mol^− 1).     

Patterns of routine swimming and metabolic rate in juvenile cyyprinids at three temperatures: analysis with a respirometer-activity-monitoring system

Summary The spontaneous swimming activity and oxygen consumption of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), were monitored for 48–72 h at 8, 15 and 20°C and a photoperiod (L:D) of 11:13. At low levels of activity metabolic cost is constant and thus corresponds to the standard rate of metabolism (low cost activity). At higher levels of activity metabolic cost increases in proportion with the degree of activity. The slope for this high cost activity indicates an expenditure of 0.4–1.3 mol O₂·g^-1·h^-1 per arbitrary activity unit at the three experimental temperatures. Extrapolation of this relationship to zero activity would underestimate the measured standard metabolic rate. High cost activity occurred in only one experiment out of three at 8°C, low cost activity hardly at all at 20°C, whereas at 15°C both forms of activity were present in five of the seven experiments conducted. Thus, not only the intensity but also the pattern of activity is affected by environmental temperature.     

视频脑电图与常规脑电图在癫痫患儿诊断和定位中的应用价值对比研究

目的:比较视频脑电图(VEEG)与常规脑电图(REEG)在癫痫患儿诊断和定位中的应用价值,为癫痫诊断提供依据。方法:对2014年1月~2016年12月间本院收治的有临床症状拟诊断为癫痫的102例患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较VEEG与REEG两种方法痫样放电检出率、临床发作检出率、睡眠期检出率以及痫灶定位中的诊断价值。结果:102例患儿中,VEEG检测到痫样放电80例,痫样放电检出率为78.43%,REEG检测到痫样放电42例,痫样放电检出率为41.18%,VEEG痫样放电检出率显著高于REEG(P0.05)。VEEG临床发作检出率为48.75%,显著高于REEG临床发作检出率的14.29%(P0.05)。VEEG检测出睡眠期痫样放电检出率为46.25%,高于觉醒期痫样放电检出率的12.50%(P0.05)。VEEG睡眠期各电图时相痫样放电检出率比较,组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。根据VEEG确定39例癫痫患儿痫样放电起源部位为额区9例、颞区10例、额颞区9例、枕区4例、中央区4例、颞枕后区3例。结论:VEEG对癫痫患儿的脑部痫样放电检出率和临床发作检出率均明显优于REEG,同时定位诊断效果更优,值得临床推广应用。     

Method for therapeutic drug monitoring of azole antifungal drugs in human serum using LC/MS/MS

Fungal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. Azole antifungal agents are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. The interest in therapeutic drug monitoring azole agents has increased over the last few years. Inter- and intra-patient variability of pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, serum concentration related toxicity and success of therapy has stressed the need of frequently therapeutic drug monitoring of the drugs, belonging to the group of azoles. Therefore a simple, rapid and flexible method of analysis is required. This method is based on the precipitation of proteins in human serum with LC/MS/MS detection. Validation was performed according to the guidelines for bioanalytical method validation of the food and drug administration agency. The four most used azole drugs can be detected in human serum within the clinical relevant serum levels with good accuracy and reproducibility at the limit of quantification. Intra- and inter-day validation demonstrated good accuracy and reproducibility. A rapid, sensitive and flexible LC/MS/MS method has been developed and validated to measure voriconazole (VRZ), fluconazole (FLZ), itraconazole (ITZ) and posaconazole (PSZ) in human serum. This new method is suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic studies and routine monitoring in daily practice.     

Assimilation and oxygen uptake associated with two different feeding habits of Munida gregaria (=M. subrugosa) (Crustacea, Decapoda)

Munida gregaria is the most abundant galatheid crab species in the Beagle Channel (55 °S 68 °W) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. This species has two different and simultaneous feeding habits: predator and deposit feeder. The objectives of this work were to determine whether either of the two different feeding habits imply differences in assimilation and oxygen consumption. Subsamples of 40 and 20 crabs of each sex were randomly selected, transported to the laboratory, and used in assimilation and oxygen consumption experiments, respectively. Animals were placed in individual chambers at 8 ± 1 °C. The assimilation experiment was conducted using four types of diet: isopods (CRU), algae (ALG), pulverized fish food (PFF), and particulate organic matter (POM). The crabs' routine metabolism and postprandial oxygen consumption - or specific dynamic action SDA - were measured using Clark-type polarographic electrodes. Two kinds of food were offered: CRU and PFF to simulate both feeding habits. Assimilation in M. gregaria for both feeding habits presented values > 90% for dry mass and energetic content. Consumption rate varied between 15 and 50 mg_ingested g_DM^− 1, and was significantly higher for CRU and PFF diets. Females showed significantly higher consumption rates than males for all diets. On average, the routine metabolism of M. gregaria was 15 ± 5 μlO₂ h^− 1 g^− 1. Deposit feeding may confer energetic advantages to female M. gregaria, especially because this diet has a low energetic cost of assimilation. Deposits of high-energy content showed the highest consumption rates among four the experimental diets. In terms of mass and energy, the deposit diet also showed the highest assimilation efficiency. The postprandial oxygen consumption was lower in females and in the deposit feeding experiment. We suggest that females may prefer the deposit feeding habit to maximize their ingested energy, allowing them to devote more energy to reproduction. This is attained by a high consumption rate and by minimizing the energy used in assimilation.     

GCS评分联合血清TSPO、RANTES对重型颅脑损伤患者去骨瓣减压术后短期死亡的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分联合血清转位蛋白（TSPO）、受激活调节正常T细胞表达和分泌因子（RANTES）对重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）患者去骨瓣减压术（DC）后短期死亡的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年7月新疆医科大学第四附属医院重症医学科收治的102例接受DC的sTBI患者,根据30 d（短期）预后情况分为死亡组和存活组。计算GCS评分和检测血清TSPO、RANTES水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析GCS评分和血清TSPO、RANTES水平对sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的预测价值。结果：102例sTBI患者DC后30 d死亡率为30.39%（31/102）。与存活组比较,死亡组GCS评分降低,血清TSPO、RANTES水平升高（P＜0.05）。死亡组合并多发伤、受伤至手术时间≥6 h、瞳孔散大、颅内血肿量≥40 mL、中线移位≥5 mm比例高于存活组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,受伤至手术时间≥6 h、瞳孔散大、中线移位≥5 mm、TSPO和RANTES升高为sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的独立危险因素,GCS评分增加为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,GCS评分联合血清TSPO、RANTES预测sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的曲线下面积大于GCS评分和血清TSPO、RANTES单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：GCS评分和血清TSPO、RANTES水平与sTBI患者DC后短期死亡独立相关,GCS评分联合血清TSPO、RANTES预测sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的价值较高,可能成为sTBI患者DC后短期死亡的辅助预测指标。     

Concordance of cancer drug therapy information derived from routinely collected hospital admissions data and the Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy (SACT) dataset,for older women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer in England

BackgroundEvaluating uptake of oncological treatments, and subsequent outcomes, depends on data sources containing accurate and complete information about cancer drug therapy (CDT). This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of CDT information in the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES-APC) and Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy (SACT) datasets for early invasive breast cancer (EIBC).MethodsThe study included women (50 + years) diagnosed with EIBC in England from 2014 to 2019 who had surgery within six months of diagnosis. Concordance of CDT recorded in HES-APC (identified using OPCS codes) and SACT was evaluated at both patient-level and cycle-level. Factors associated with CDT use captured only in HES-APC were assessed using statistical models.ResultsThe cohort contained 129,326 women with EIBC. Overall concordance between SACT and HES-APC on CDT use was 94 %. Concordance increased over the study period (91–96 %), and there was wide variation across NHS trusts (lowest decile of trusts had concordance≤77 %; highest decile≥99 %). Among women receiving CDT, 9 % (n = 2781/31693) of use was not captured in SACT; incompleteness was worst (18 %=47/259) among women aged 80 + and those diagnosed in 2014 (21%=1121/5401). OPCS codes in HES-APC were good at identifying patient-level and cycle-level use of trastuzumab or FEC chemotherapy (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), with 89 % and 93 % concordance with SACT respectively (patient-level agreement). Among cycles of solely oral CDT recorded in SACT, only 24 % were captured in HES-APC, compared to 71 % for intravenous/subcutaneous CDT.ConclusionsCombining information in HES-APC and SACT provides a more complete picture of CDT treatment in women aged 50 + receiving surgery for EIBC than using either data source alone. HES-APC may have particular value in identifying CDT use among older women, those diagnosed less recently, and in NHS trusts with low SACT data returns.     

Temperature preferences and oxygen consumption of three species of sculpin (Cottus) from the Pit River drainage,California

Synopsis I examined the temperature preferences and routine metabolic rates of Pit sculpin, Cottius pitensis, marbled sculpin, C. klamathensis macrops, and rough sculpin, C. asperrimus, of the Pit River drainage of California to determine if the distributional patterns of these species can be explained on the basis of physiological or behavioral responses to temperature. The routine metabolic rates of these species did not increase significantly between 10 and 15°C, indicating an area of thermal compensation. Metabolic rates then rapidly increased between 15 and 20°C (Q₁₀ values>4.0) followed by little increase between 20 and 25°C (Q₁₀ values >2.0), indicating another area of thermal compensation. The final temperature preferenda of Pit, marbled and rough sculpin were 11.2, 12.1 and 13.5°C, respectively. Marbled and rough sculpin appear to be more stenothermal than Pit sculpin. At acclimation temperatures of 10, 15 and 20°C the acute preferred temperatures of marbled and rough sculpin ranged from 11.1 to 14.7° C and 13.3 to 14.4°C, respectively. Values for Pit sculpin ranged from 9.9 to 16.4°C at acclimation temperatures of 10, 15 and 20°C. The distributions of marbled and rough sculpin are consistent with their behavioral and metabolic responses to temperature. The widespread distribution of Pit sculpin is consistent with its greater tolerance of high temperatures and eurythermal behavior, but the absence of Pit sculpin from habitats dominated by marbled and rough sculpin is not consistent with a temperature related explanation.     

Temperature-dependent physiological and biochemical responses of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma with consideration of both low and high thermal extremes

This study aimed to investigate temperature effect on physiological and biochemical responses of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma larvae. The fish were subjected to a stepwise temperature change at a rate of 1 °C/h increasing or decreasing from 25 °C (the control) to six target temperatures (12, 13, 15, 20, 28 and 32 °C) respectively, followed by a 7-day thermal acclimation at each target temperature. The fish were fed ad libitum during the experiment. The results showed that cumulative mortalities were significantly increased at low temperatures (12 and 13 °C) and at the highest temperature (32 °C). For the survivors, their growth profile closely followed the left-skewed ‘thermal performance curve’. Routine oxygen consumption rates of fish larvae were significantly elevated at 32 °C but suppressed at 13 and 15 °C (due to a high mortality, larvae from 12 °C were not examined). Levels of heat shock proteins and activities of malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in fish larvae exposed at 15, 25 and 32 °C. The activities of both enzymes were significantly increased at both 15 and 32 °C, where the fish larvae probably suffered from thermal discomfort and increased anaerobic components so as to compensate the mismatch of energy demand and supply at these thermal extremes. Coincidently, heat shock proteins were also up-regulated at both 15 and 32 °C, enabling cellular protection. Moreover, the critical thermal maxima and minima of fish larvae increased significantly with increasing acclimation temperature, implying that the fish could develop some degrees of thermal tolerance through temperature acclimation.