血栓弹力图指导食管癌患者临床输血的价值及其与常规凝血实验检测指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨血栓弹力图(TEG)指导食管癌患者临床输血的价值及其与常规凝血实验检测指标的相关性。方法:选取2017年1月-2019年3月在我院收治的食管癌手术治疗需输血的99例患者作为研究对象,将99例患者随机分为常规凝血功能检测组和TEG组,常规凝血功能检测组采用常规凝血实验检查结果指导输血,TEG组采用TEG检查结果指导输血,对比两组输血前后的常规凝血实验检测指标以及临床用血量,对比TEG组输血前后的TEG指标,分析TEG指标与常规凝血实验检测指标的相关性。结果:两组患者输血前凝血四项和血小板计数(PLT)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),输血后两组活化凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)均有不同程度的改善(P<0.05),TEG组PT、TT较常规凝血功能检测组低(P<0.05);输血后,TEG组患者凝血反应时间(R值)、血凝块形成时间(K值)较输血前降低,最大血凝块强度(MA值)、凝血综合指数(CI值)升高,凝血形成速率(Angle角)增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,R值与APTT呈正相关(P<0.05),K值与PLT呈负相关,与FIB呈正相关(P<0.05),Angle角、MA值、CI值与FIB、PLT呈正相关(P<0.05);TEG组新鲜冰冻血浆、冷沉淀输注量少于常规凝血功能检测组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TEG能更好地指导食管癌手术患者各种血液成分的合理输注,有效改善凝血异常情况,减少输血用量,TEG指标与常规凝血实验检测指标存在一定的相关性。     

A pilot macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (MMI-CS) for assessing the ecological status of the Chishui River basin,China

As the only undammed river in the Yangtze River basin and an important rare fish reserve, the Chishui River has attracted the world's attention. It was recently selected as a reference river for a pilot biomonitoring assessment within the European Union-China River Basin Management Programme. As the outcome of the project, a pilot multimetric index (MMI-CS) was developed for future assessment of the ecological status of the Chishui River basin. In this study, eight core metrics were selected and used to build the multimetric system. These metrics included the total number of taxa (TotalTax), the number of taxa of sprawlers (SprwlTax), the number of intolerant taxa (IntolTax), the Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI), the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera (EPTPct), the number of Ephemeroptera taxa (EphemTax), the percentage of collectors (CllctPct) and the average score per taxon (ASPT). Five ecological status ratings (“Excellent”, “Good”, “Fair”, “Poor” and “Very Poor”) were established. The results of the evaluation showed that the index was reasonable and effective. The results of the assessment showed that sites with higher ecological status were distributed mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the region and that sites with lower ecological status were centrally distributed in the lower reaches. Moreover, the index should be refined and validated using additional datasets obtained in different seasons in the future for routine bioassessment within the framework of sustainable management.     

Multiple imputation to minimise bias from missing stage information in estimates of early cancer diagnosis in England: a population-based study

IntroductionMonitoring early diagnosis is a priority of cancer policy in England. Information on stage has not always been available for a large proportion of patients, however, which may bias temporal comparisons. We previously estimated that early-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer rose from 32% to 44% during 2008–2013, using multiple imputation. Here we examine the underlying assumptions of multiple imputation for missing stage using the same dataset.MethodsIndividually-linked cancer registration, Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), and audit data were examined. Six imputation models including different interaction terms, post-diagnosis treatment, and survival information were assessed, and comparisons drawn with the a priori optimal model. Models were further tested by setting stage values to missing for some patients under one plausible mechanism, then comparing actual and imputed stage distributions for these patients. Finally, a pattern-mixture sensitivity analysis was conducted.ResultsData from 196,511 colorectal patients were analysed, with 39.2% missing stage. Inclusion of survival time increased the accuracy of imputation: the odds ratio for change in early-stage diagnosis during 2008–2013 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.6, 1.7) with survival to 1 year included, compared to 1.9 (95% CI 1.9–2.0) with no survival information. Imputation estimates of stage were accurate in one plausible simulation. Pattern-mixture analyses indicated our previous analysis conclusions would only change materially if stage were misclassified for 20% of the patients who had it categorised as late.InterpretationMultiple imputation models can substantially reduce bias from missing stage, but data on patient’s one-year survival should be included for highest accuracy.     

骨窗开颅与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效对比分析

目的：研究骨窗开颅与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法：选取2010 年1 月到2014 年1 月我院收治的高血 压脑出血患者50 例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组和B组,每组25 例,A组给予骨窗开颅手术治疗,B 组给予骨瓣开颅手 术治疗,比较两组治疗的总有效率、死亡率以及并发症发生率。结果：A 组总有效率为92.0％,显著高于对照组的64.0％,比较差 异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A 组并发症的发生率显著低于B 组,比较差异具有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血具有较高的临床疗效,且其并发症显著低于骨瓣开颅术。     

常规实验操作对Wistar大鼠的影响

目的常规实验操作对Wistar大鼠的影响。方法采用Wistar大鼠,分别进行腹腔注射、肌内注射、灌胃、尾静脉切割采血、剪尾采血和固定操作,连续处理7d后,测定各组大鼠神经内分泌、免疫、血液系统主要指标及肝脏hsp72mRNA表达量,并与对照组比较,分析这些操作的影响。结果与对照组相比,腹腔注射组、肌内注射组和灌胃组的皮质酮(CORT)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、γ-干扰素/白介素-4(IFN-γ/IL-4)比值极显著升高,白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞比例(WLCR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)及白介素-2(IL-2)有不同程度的显著降低。与对照组相比,尾静脉切割采血组的CORT、IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-4比值极显著升高,WBC、β-EP有不同程度的显著降低;剪尾采血组的CORT、IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-4比值有不同程度的显著升高,β-EP、IL-2、CRP极显著降低;固定组的CORT、IFN-γ/IL-4比值、IL-2、CRP极显著升高,WBC、β-EP、IL-4有不同程度的显著降低。与对照组相比,所有实验操作均使热休克蛋白(HSP)hsp72mRNA表达极显著升高。此外,与对照组相比,肌内注射组的红细胞数(RBC)和血红蛋白含量(HGB)显著升高,尾静脉切割和剪尾采血组的HGB和红细胞压积(HCT)极显著降低,固定组的RBC、HGB和HCT均极显著升高。结论本研究中涉及的常规实验操作均引起了大鼠极显著的应激反应,并造成了大鼠神经内分泌系统的紊乱及免疫功能的抑制,从而对动物造成了恶性应激。同时这些操作可能会对涉及的神经内分泌及血液学指标的相关研究产生背景性干扰。     

连续性血液净化在重症急性胰腺炎患者中应用的临床疗效观察

目的:观察连续性血液净化(CBP)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者中应用的临床疗效,探讨提高SAP临床疗效的治疗措施方法:选择在我科就诊的SAP患者64例,根据患者自愿的原则,分为常规组和CBP组,常规组采用内科常规治疗措施,CBP组在常规治疗的基础上加行CBP治疗,比较两组患者治疗中血清淀粉酶的动态改变、治疗第5天各项生化指标及APACHEⅡ评分、病情稳定时间等临床一般情况。结果:两组患者在上述方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),CBP组优于常规组。结论:在治疗SAP患者的过程中,应积极加行CBP治疗措施,可提高临床疗效,改善患者预后。     

Electrophysiological Recording in the Brain of Intact Adult Zebrafish

Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram recordings. This paper describes how an adult zebrafish can be immobilized, intubated, and used for in vivo electrophysiological experiments, allowing recording of neural activity. Immobilization of the adult requires a mechanism to deliver dissolved oxygen to the gills in lieu of buccal and opercular movement. With our technique, animals are immobilized and perfused with habitat water to fulfill this requirement. A craniotomy is performed under tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; tricaine) anesthesia to provide access to the brain. The primary electrode is then positioned within the craniotomy window to record extracellular brain activity. Through the use of a multitube perfusion system, a variety of pharmacological compounds can be administered to the adult fish and any alterations in the neural activity can be observed. The methodology not only allows for observations to be made regarding changes in neurological activity, but it also allows for comparisons to be made between larval and adult zebrafish. This gives researchers the ability to identify the alterations in neurological activity due to the introduction of various compounds at different life stages.     

变异鳞毛蕨的孢子培养与配子体发育研究

应用无菌培养和常规泥土培养两种方法对变异鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris varia)孢子进行了比较研究,并在光学显微镜下观察了其配子体的发育过程.结果表明:蔗糖浓度为2%的1/2MS与MS培养基对孢子萌发时间和萌发率影响不大,但前者较适于孢子萌发,而后者则适于孢子体形成;在1/2MS培养基上,1%的蔗糖浓度比其它浓度更适宜于孢子的萌发.以菜园士为培养基质时,变异鳞毛蕨孢子的萌发时间短且萌发率高,但幼孢子体出现的时间明显晚于无菌培养.孢子萌发为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型,符合鳞毛蕨属配子体发育的特征.     

野生TW近交系小鼠主要生理指标

目的建立野生来源TW（Tianjin Wild,TW）近交系小鼠的主要生理、血常规等指标。方法分别选用F28和F29代TW近交系成年雄性小鼠25只,雌性小鼠31只,检测动物的主要生理、血常规指标。结果TW小鼠体重雌雄差异无显著性,脏器指标中雌雄性比较仅肾脏重量、肾脏系数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;血常规检测指标中,雌雄小鼠在WBC、MCV、MCH、PLT、MONO等5项指标的均值比较差异具有显著性,其他各项均无差别。与ICR、KM、NIH及BALB/c等通用实验小鼠指标比较,TW小鼠的脾脏、脾脏系数和血小板均高于或多倍高于这些通用小鼠品系。结论TW小鼠在一些主要生理指标上与通用实验小鼠品系不同,呈现自身特点。     

Metabolic response of juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) to temperature and salinity: Physiological cost of different environments

Juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) occupy a wide range of estuarine and nearshore habitats that differ in physico-chemical properties. To quantify the energetic cost of inhabiting these different habitats, routine metabolism of individual gray snapper was measured in the laboratory at 20 combinations of temperature (18, 23, 28, and 33 °C) and salinity (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 psu). An open, flow-through respirometer was used, enabling trials to be run for long periods (∼16 h), while maintaining water quality (dissolved O₂>70% saturation), and providing fish sufficient time to habituate to the chambers undisturbed. Video recordings of fish in the respirometer chambers were analyzed to quantify the spontaneous activity rate of individuals. Analysis of covariance, using fish weight and mean activity rate as covariates, indicated significant temperature and salinity effects on oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption was significantly higher at high salinities, and the salinity effect was temperature dependent. A polynomial equation describing oxygen consumption as a function of temperature and salinity indicated the increase due to salinity from 5 to 45 psu at high temperatures (30-33 °C) was equivalent to a 3 °C increase in temperature. At intermediate temperatures (24-26 °C), the increase due to salinity from 5 to 45 psu was less dramatic, equivalent to a 2 °C increase in temperature. At the lowest temperatures (18 °C), salinity did not have a significant effect on oxygen consumption. The increased metabolic costs in high salinities (∼7% at the high temperature) represent a significant energy cost for juveniles, that would need to be balanced by lower predation risk or greater food availability to result in similar juvenile production compared to lower salinity environments.