与微生物学密切相关的两门公共选修课教学改革初探

公共选修课程是人才培养方案的重要组成部分。"微生物资源开发与利用"与"土壤生物学"是与微生物学密切相关的两门公共选修课,全校不同年级的本科生都可选修。经过五年多来对课堂教学的不断改进,形成了一套相对完善的课堂教学和考核方法。首先设置了学生试听课,并详细介绍该门课程的主要学习内容、授课方式和考核方式等,让学生根据自己的兴趣和意愿决定是否选修,保证选修学生对该课程有一定的兴趣;其次是改进教师授课方式,老师系统讲授大部分内容,讲授主要采取互动式教学,部分内容采用先放视频,一些需要掌握的知识点,设置问答题、选择题或者改错题请学生们在课堂上讨论和总结,然后再回顾重点视频内容,小部分的课程内容鼓励学生进行PPT演讲;第三,改进课程考核方式和成绩考评机制,制定并优化了PPT演讲评分规则,鼓励学生阅读翻译高水平专业英文文献。五年多的教学实践表明,这些教学改革有效提升了公选课的教学质量。     

Polybenzyls from Gastrodia elata,their agonistic effects on melatonin receptors and structure-activity relationships

Gastrodia elata is a famous traditional Chinese herb with medicinal and edible application. In this study, nine polybenzyls (1?9), including six new ones (2?5, 7 and 9), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of G. elata. Five compounds 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8 were found to activate melatonin receptors. Especially, compound 1 showed agonistic effects on MT₁ and MT₂ receptors with EC₅₀ values of 237 and 244 μM. For better understanding their structure-activity relationships (SARs), ten polybenzyl analogs were further synthesized and assayed for their activities on melatonin receptors. Preliminary SARs study suggested that two para-hydroxy groups were the key pharmacophore for maintaining activity. Molecular docking simulations verified that compound 1 could strongly interact with MT₂ receptor by bonding to Phe 118, Gly 121, His 208, Try 294 and Ala 297 residues.     

生物制氢——能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展策略

人类面临能源危机、资源短缺、环境污染的严峻挑战,开发新的能源,合理利用资源并保护生态环境势在必行。氢能具有清洁、高效、可再生的特点,是未来重要的新能源物质。生物制氢技术利用可再生资源,特别是可利用工农业有机废弃物产氢,效率高,能耗低,污染少,成本低,具有巨大的发展潜力。本文简要阐述生物制氢技术及其发展状况,提出我国发展生物制氢技术,实现能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展的政策建议。     

Negative effects of habitat drying and prior exploitation on the detritus resource in an ephemeral aquatic habitat

Ephemeral aquatic habitats are characterized by cycles of drying and subsequent inundation, and by production of sequential non-overlapping cohorts of organisms. Both processes may alter the quantity or quality of resources, and may therefore affect survival and development of cohorts that subsequently colonize ephemeral habitats. We examined these effects of habitat drying and non-overlapping cohorts on experimental cohorts of the tree hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus, testing specifically whether the value of leaf litter as a food resource is altered by cycles of inundation and drying, or by exploitation by a prior non-overlapping cohort. We created four treatments of leaf litter: (1) no prior cohort, continuously wet; (2) no prior cohort, one␣wet/dry cycle; (3) prior cohort, continuously wet, and (4) prior cohort, one wet/dry cycle, and tested for effects on individual fitness components (survivorship, mean dry mass at, and median days to eclosion) and on population growth (estimated finite rate of increase –λ′). Both resource drying and the presence of a prior cohort negatively affected individual fitness components in tires, increasing days to eclosion, and decreasing mean dry mass at eclosion for both sexes. Resource drying also negatively affected estimated rates of increase (λ′) in tree holes. A prior cohort had no significant effects on λ′. These results indicate that intraspecific interactions among mosquito larvae may include amensalistic effects of earlier, non-overlapping cohorts, and that resource drying reduces resource quality. The latter effect indicates that enhanced production of A. triseriatus from recently filled containers is not due to resource drying per se, and may result from more complex community-level effects of habitat drying. Extreme cycles of drying and inundation seem likely to increase intraspecific resource competition among drought-adapted species like A. triseriatus. Received: 5 May 1997 / Accepted: 20 January 1998     

云南玉龙雪山地衣资源的评价

本文讨论了玉龙山的自然环境对地衣植物生长的影响;列举了15种玉龙山常见地衣并分别讨论了各种的分布、生境、已知化学物质及其利用。其中还推出了三种在国内化学及应用方面研究较少,而在该山分布量较大的地衣种。     

斑茅野生种质资源的考察与收集

2011年10月-2012年4月对滇、黔、川、陕、甘、桂、粤、琼等8省71个市（县）的斑茅野生种质资源进行考察与收集。结果表明除甘肃省外其他7个省都有野生斑茅的分布,采集到斑茅居群49个,共计420份材料。同时分析了斑茅的地理分布、形态特征和生态适应性,并对斑茅的利用方向进行了讨论和展望。     

Preface

Abstract

Major naval weapons and weapons systems are examined as they relate to naval strategy and the law of the sea. Although there are some legal limitations on the development and use of nuclear and other mass destruction weapons on the seabed, and in nuclear free zones such as Latin America, and on naval weaponry in Antarctica, the use of naval weapons systems is largely unrestricted by international law and the law of the sea. Weapons systems from mines to large submarines and carriers are related to areas, to categories of states, and to the main sub‐fields of international relations. The conclusion to be drawn is that a third Hague Conference on the laws of war should be called and arms control and disarmament issues in naval weaponry should be addressed urgently. Detailed data on naval weapons, missile systems, and maritime zones are presented in three appendixes. Glossary of Abbreviations for Naval Weaponry immediately precedes the appendices.     

De novo trisomy 20p characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization: Report of a novel case and review of the literature

We report on a boy with speech delay, mental retardation, motor clumsiness, hyperactivity, dysmorphic facial features, brachytelephalangy and short stature. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, renal ultrasound, electroencephalogram, fundoscopic exam and auditory brainstem responses were all normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a left temporal arachnoid cyst and a small pineal gland cyst.     

中国亚热带特有植物尾叶樱桃的研究进展

尾叶樱桃(Cerasus dielsiana(Schneid.)Yu et Li)特产于中国亚热带山区,是一种集观赏、食用、药用、材用和生态防护等多用途为一体的代表性野生樱属植物,具有广阔的开发利用前景。本文全面系统地概述了其种质资源在自然地理分布、群落生态学特性、表型变异规律、系统发育与分类现状、谱系地理及其演化历史、繁育技术、综合利用价值的最新进展。在上述结论的基础上,笔者还提出了当前存在问题与展望,旨在为国产优良樱属种质资源的保育以及新品种的开发利用提供参考。     

Different matrix attachment regions flanking a transgene effectively enhance gene expression in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells

We describe a female patient with developmental delay, dysmorphic features and multiple congenital anomalies who presented a normal G-banded karyotype at the 550-band resolution. Array and multiplex-ligation probe amplification (MLPA) techniques identified an unexpected large unbalanced genomic aberration: a 17.6Mb deletion of 9p associated to a 14.8 Mb duplication of 20p. The deleted 9p genes, especially CER1 and FREM1, seem to be more relevant to the phenotype than the duplicated 20p genes. This study also shows the relevance of using molecular techniques to make an accurate diagnosis in patients with dysmorphic features and multiple anomalies suggestive of chromosome aberration, even if on G-banding their karyotype appears to be normal. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was necessary to identify a masked balanced translocation in the patient's mother, indicating the importance of associating cytogenetic and molecular techniques in clinical genetics, given the implications for patient management and genetic counseling.