应用SRAP标记分析金丝瓜（Cucubitapepo L.）种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系

本研究应用SRAP分子标记技术对56份金丝瓜和32份南瓜属（包括西葫芦美洲南瓜、中国南瓜、印度南瓜）种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：（1）从285对SRAP引物中共筛选出50对多态性引物对供试品种基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,获得713条清晰可辨的标记,其中多态性条带634条,多态性比率达88.92%,说明出南瓜属种间遗传多样性较丰富;（2）在56份金丝瓜品种中,共扩增出586条清晰可辨条带,多态性条带350条,多态性比率为59.73%,说明金丝瓜品种间的遗传相似性较高;（3）通过分子聚类分析可将供试金丝瓜品种划分为5个亚类群。金丝瓜与西葫芦美洲南瓜的亲缘关系较近,与中国南瓜的亲缘关系较远,而与印度南瓜的亲缘关系最远;根据分子聚类分析结果证实初步鉴定应可以明确将金丝瓜划归为南瓜属中西葫芦美洲南瓜的一个变亚种。     

Minor Modifications of the C-terminal Helix Reschedule the Favored Chemical Reactions Catalyzed by Theta Class Glutathione Transferase T1-1

Adaptive responses to novel toxic challenges provide selective advantages to organisms in evolution. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a pivotal role in the cellular defense because they are main contributors to the inactivation of genotoxic compounds of exogenous as well as of endogenous origins. GSTs are promiscuous enzymes catalyzing a variety of chemical reactions with numerous alternative substrates. Despite broad substrate acceptance, individual GSTs display pronounced selectivities such that only a limited number of substrates are transformed with high catalytic efficiency. The present study shows that minor structural changes in the C-terminal helix of mouse GST T1-1 induce major changes in the substrate-activity profile of the enzyme to favor novel chemical reactions and to suppress other reactions catalyzed by the parental enzyme.     

贵州省8个自然保护区爬行动物分布

报道了贵州省8个自然保护区86种(亚种)爬行动物的分布状况。对贵州省自然保护区爬行动物种数和区系成分与保护区面积、森林面积、年均温、年均降水量、经度、纬度、海拔低点、海拔高点、相对高差等环境因素进行了相关性分析及t-检验。发现在贵州省爬行动物种数除与保护区面积和森林面积呈极显著正相关外,还与经度显著正相关;华中华南区种数与经度显著正相关;华南区种数与纬度显著负相关,与年均降水量显著正相关。本文还探讨了爬行动物的分布特点,包括经度和纬度地理替代。发现由西向东,西南区种的比例逐渐减少,华中区种和华中及华南区种的比例逐渐增加,呈现经度地带性变化。由北向南古北界东洋界广布种的比例逐渐减少、华中及华南区种和华南区种的比例逐渐增加,呈纬度地带性变化。     

Implicit motives and gonadal steroid hormones: effects of menstrual cycle phase,oral contraceptive use,and relationship status

Implicit motives for power and affiliation, salivary levels of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, and relationship status were measured in 18 normally cycling (NC) women, 18 women using oral contraceptives (OC), and 18 men at three assessments, corresponding to the menstrual, midcycle, and premenstrual phases of women's menstrual cycle. NC and OC women had elevated levels of affiliation motivation and decreased levels of power motivation at midcycle. Power motive changes were particularly pronounced in NC women across cycle phases. OC women and participants not engaged in an intimate relationship had significantly heightened levels of affiliation motivation, averaged across all cycle phases. Testosterone and power motivation, both averaged across all cycle phases, were positively correlated in men and in single women, but not in women engaged in an intimate relationship. Averaged levels of estradiol and power motivation were positively correlated in engaged women, but not in single women or men. Averaged levels of progesterone and affiliation motivation were negatively correlated in men, and there was evidence for a positive association between luteal affiliation motivation and periovulatory and luteal progesterone in NC women. This study therefore provides evidence that implicit motivational states fluctuate across the menstrual cycle, that the power motive is associated with testosterone and, in women, with estradiol, and that the affiliation motive and progesterone are associated in different ways in men and NC women.     

Intraspecific variation in induction of feeding preference and performance in a herbivorous mite

Induction of food preference has often been observed in herbivorous insects. The term is used to indicate preference of individuals for the host plant they have already experienced over one they have not experienced. A typical set-up is one where individuals first feed on host X or Y, and are then offered a choice between host X and Y. This set-up – and hence the body of empirical data – has been criticised for lack of a control treatment to untangle the effects of the separate hosts. In this study, we use a design with a third, unrelated host as control to investigate induction of preference in the herbivorous arthropod, Tetranychus urticae. We provide evidence of induced preference, as well as induced performance, and show that there is considerable variation in these two traits among strains. We suggest induced resistance to toxic secondary plant chemicals as one potential explanation for induced performance. This in itself suggests associative learning as the most likely candidate learning mechanism for induction of preference in this species. Phenotypically plastic effects underlying induced performance may be a general aspect of induction of preference in herbivorous arthropods, which warrants closer attention to these phenomena.     

Vergleichende cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen anRanunculus seguieri und der Artengruppe desR. alpestris (Ranunculaceae)

Morphological and cytological investigations as well as crossing experiments were carried out withRanunculus seguieri Vill. and 4 species of theRanunculus alpestris L. group (R. alpestris L.,R. traunfellneri Hoppe,R. bilobus Bertol.,R. crenatus Waldst. & Kit.). ForR. seguieri andR. alpestris, localities and distribution are given in addition to extensive diagnoses. A key to the species includes morphological characteristics and distribution data forR. traunfellneri, R. bilobus, andR. crenatus. New diagnostic characters are described. Crossing experiments betweenR. seguieri and the species of theR. alpestris group were unsuccessful. All 5 species have a chromosome number of 2n = 16, the record forR. bilobus is new. There is no statistically significant difference between the karyotypes ofR. seguieri andR. alpestris s. str. Nevertheless, according to morphological evidence and crossing experiments,R. seguieri is not closely related to theR. alpestris group.

     

不同海带品系抗氧化系统活性与耐热性的相关性研究

以山东沿海广泛培育的两个海带品系耐高温海带901(简称901)和热敏感海带荣成1号(简称RC)为实验材料,研究不同温度条件下其抗氧化系统活性与耐热性状的相关性.结果表明,常温条件下(10℃)901与RC抗氧化系统的基础活性与耐热性状间无显著相关.高温胁迫条件下(18℃)RC体内的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量快速升高,而901的ROS在整个胁迫过程中变化不大,说明ROS可能对高温氧化胁迫具有重要意义.RC的抗氧化系统对高温胁迫比901敏感,表现为出现活性有效抑制的时间和幅度都强于901.超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸和维生素E可能在保护海带细胞免受高温胁迫方面具有重要作用.901的叶绿素对高温胁迫的响应明显滞后于RC,叶绿素含量的半伤害时间可作为判定幼苗期901和RC耐热性的灵敏指标.导致不同品系海带耐热性差异的并非其抗氧化系统基础活性的高低,而是该系统对高温胁迫的应激性和敏感性差异.     

A Comparative QSAR Study on Carbonic Anhydrase and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition by Sulfonylated Amino Acid Hydroxamates

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study is made on the inhibition of a few isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), both zinc containing families of enzymes, by sulfonylated amino acid hydroxamates. For both enzymes, the inhibition potency of the hydroxamates is found to be well correlated with Kier's first-order valence molecular connectivity index ¹χ^v of the molecule and electrotopological state indices of some atoms. From the results, it is suggested that while hydroxamate-CA binding may involve mostly polar interactions, hydroxamate-MMP and hydroxamate-ChC (ChC: Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, another zinc enzyme related to MMPs) bindings may involve some hydrophobic interactions. Both MMPs and ChC also possess some electronic sites of exactly opposite nature to the corresponding sites in CAs. A group such as C 6 F 5 present in the sulfonyl moiety is shown to be advantageous in both CA and MMP (also ChC) inhibitions, which is supposed to be due to the interaction of this group with Zn 2+ ion present in the catalytic site of both families of enzymes.     

急性心肌梗死患者血清外连素、MEG3、HSP-70水平与心肌损伤标志物及心血管不良事件的关系研究

目的:研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清外连素、母系表达基因3(MEG3)、热休克蛋白70(HSP-70)水平与心肌损伤标志物及心血管不良事件的关系。方法:选取2015年1月-2020年1月期间我院接受治疗的AMI患者200例作为AMI组,另选取同期在我院健康体检的人群100例作为对照组,对比对照组、AMI组心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70。对比心血管不良事件与非心血管不良事件患者的CK-MB、Myo、cTnI、外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70水平。采用Pearson相关性分析AMI患者血清外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70水平与心肌损伤标志物的关系。结果:AMI组CK-MB、Myo、cTnI、外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70均高于对照组(P<0.05)。随访过程中,有59例发生心血管不良事件纳为心血管不良事件组,剩余141例未发生心血管不良事件纳为非心血管不良事件组。心血管不良事件组患者的CK-MB、Myo、cTnI、外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70均高于非心血管不良事件组(P<0.05)。AMI患者外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70水平与CK-MB、Myo、cTnI均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:AMI患者中外连素、MEG3 RNA、HSP-70均呈现异常高表达,且与心肌损伤标志物密切相关,可考虑作为AMI患者早期确诊的新型标志物。