Isolation of protoplasts and ion channel recording of plasma membrane patches and whole-cell recordings of the marine alga, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ulva pertusa</Emphasis> (Chlorophyta)

Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to study ion channels of a marine alga. High quality protoplasts suitable for electrophysiological studies were isolated from the green marine alga, Ulva pertusa, using enzyme mixtures consisting of cellulase and abalone power and identified by calcofluor fluorescence. The vitality of protoplasts varied depending on the alga growth stage, and those isolated from younger tissue in March maintained a high vitality with high sealing success rate compared with protoplasts isolated from mature or non-growing plants in August or November. In the whole-cell configuration, large inward currents were elicited by negative voltage pulses. The voltage-dependent component was predominantly carried by Cl⁻, as confirmed by the use of the Cl⁻ channel inhibitor DIDS and reversal potential of current-voltage plots. This evidence suggests that hyperpolarization-activated Cl⁻ permeable channels are responsible for the influx of Cl⁻ into U. pertusa cells. Voltage-dependent outward currents were also recorded in several protoplasts, and their properties need further investigation.     

不同培养条件对拟南芥根细胞膜片钳记录的影响

本文以沙培养法、蛭石培养法、土培养法、水培养法和MS培养基等不同的方法培养拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana),分析了不同培养方法对根生长发育的影响,并分别分离根的原生质体.在膜片钳记录中对不同来源的根原生质体状态进行了比较.结果表明,土培养法分离的原生质体最适于膜片钳记录.     

小麦叶肉细胞原生质体中微管骨架的排列格局与[Ca2+]cyt的关系

以小麦叶肉细胞原生质体为材料,通过免疫荧光标记和Ca~(2 )荧光染料的装载并结合药物学试验,借助激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察,探讨微管骨架和Ca~(2 )之间的内在联系。试验结果表明,[Ca~(2 )]_(cyt)的升高能够诱发微管骨架的解聚;而微管骨架的解聚也会促使胞外Ca~(2 )内流,进而造成[Ca~(2 )]_(cyt)的升高。     

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C基因工程宿主载体系统的构建

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株是大环内酯类抗生素-阿扎霉素B的高产菌株。采用原生质体转化技术,将来自变铅青链霉菌TK24菌株的pU702质粒转化吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的原生质体,建立了吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的基因工程宿主载体系统。确定了NND-52-C菌株原生质体制备和再生的条件,其原生质体形成率达到10^8／mL,再生率约为0．2％,转化率为10^2-10^3个转化子／μg质粒DNA。     

构建高效降解胆固醇的融合乳酸菌的研究——(Ⅱ)原生质体融合及融合子的筛选

芽孢杆菌T12-1与嗜热链球菌ST及嗜酸乳杆菌C3进行原生质体融合,获得两株科间融合子S-T13-37和C-T24-8,它们对培养液中的胆固醇降解率分别为54%和78%.ST、C3和T12-1原生质体的再生率分别为10.5%、8.6%和11.2%,ST与T12-1原生质体科间融合率约为4.6×10-6;C3与T12-1原生质体科间融合率约为3.8×10-6.     

Cytogenetic analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum etuberosum somatic hybrids and their androgenetic regenerants

The aim of the study was to characterize genomic relationships among cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (2n=2x=24) and diploid (2n=2x=24) non-tuberous wild Solanum species (S. etuberosum Lindl.). Using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, we analyzed intergeneric somatic hybrids between tomato and S. etuberosum. Of the five somatic hybrids, two plants were amphidiploids (2n=4x=48) mostly forming intragenomic bivalents in their microsporocytes, with a very low frequency of multivalents involving the chromosomes of tomato and S. etuberosum (less than 0.2 per meiocyte). Tomato chromosomes showed preferential elimination during subsequent meiotic divisions of the amphidiploids. Transmission of the parental chromosomes into microspores was also evaluated by GISH analysis of androgenic plants produced by direct embryogenesis from the amphidiploid somatic hybrids. Of the four androgenic regenerants, three were diploids (2n=2x=24 or 2n=2x+1=25) derived from reduced male gametes of the somatic hybrids, and one plant was a hypertetraploid (2n=4x+4=52). GISH revealed that each anther-derived plant had a unique chromosome composition. The prospects for introgression of desirable traits from S. etuberosum into the gene pool of cultivated tomato are discussed. Received: 2 August 2000 / Accepted: 4 December 2000     

激光诱变青霉PT95原生质体选育类胡萝卜素高产菌株

采用激光对青霉PT95菌株的原生质体进行了诱变处理,选育到一株菌核生物量和类胡萝卜素含量均有显提高的突变菌株L05。与出发菌株相比,L05菌株的菌核生物量提高了98.6%,菌核中的类胡萝卜素含量提高了28.3%,在查氏平板上的类胡萝卜素产率提高了154.0%。所选育的L05菌株经3次传代培养,菌落没有发生扇形变异,菌核生物量和类胡萝卜素含量没有明显改变,说明该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

复合诱变筛选变细胞壁水解酶木霉素株及产酶条件的优化

利用复合诱变技术,筛选到一株产几丁质酶和钱聚糖酶能力较强的绿色木霉菌株（Trichodermaviride)LD-18。并对其产酶条件进行了优化,发现在麸皮：诱导物：麦秸粉＝2：2：7的固体培养基上,以4g/L(NH4)2SO4为氮源,起始pH8.0经25摄氏度培养72h,产生的真菌细胞壁水解酶,用以溶解食用菌,黑曲霉等丝状菌丝体的细胞壁,制备原生质体,效果较优。     

黄瓜花叶病毒和烟草花叶病毒在双抗转基因线辣椒内的增殖

本试验以转化CMV CP和TMV CP基因的转基因线辣椒纯合系植株作为研究试材 ,比较了单独或混合接种CMV和TMV后 ,转化线辣椒的抗病性表达特点 ,并测定了两种病毒在植株体内的病毒含量。结果表明 :转化线辣椒不仅能抵抗CMV和TMV的单独侵染 ,而且还能抵抗CMV和TMV的复合侵染。转化线辣椒表现为系统症状延迟出现 7 15d ,显症株率和病害严重度级别大幅度降低 ,CMV和TMV在接种叶、新生叶中的病毒含量明显减低。转基因线辣椒原生质体作为研究试材接种CMV ,测定病毒含量结果表明 :CMV病毒的增殖在转基因线辣椒原生质体内受到明显抑制。在CMV接种浓度为 4 0 μg/mL ,感染原生质体 4 8h后 ,CP(- )植株原生质体内CMV是CP( )的 4 .2倍。这一结果揭示了转基因线辣椒具有抑制病毒增殖的抗病性。     

草坪草生物技术研究进展

草坪草转基因方法主要有原生质体融合法,基因枪法和农杆菌介导法。抗生素（潮霉素,G418)和除草剂（bialaphos,ppt)都可用于草坪草也可能存在生态风险性。