A new pollen type,C-banded and fluorochrome counterstained chromosomes,and evolution inGuatteria and related genera (Annonaceae)

Guatteria, Guatteriopsis, Guatteriella andHeteropetalum share the same conspicuous pollen type which is new for theSpermatophyta. It is zonoaperturate with a folded aperture region and an extremely reduced exine. First chromosome counts and karyotype analyses forGuatteriopsis (4 species investigated) andGuatteriella (1 species) are identical with those ofGuatteria (19 species seen): 2n = 28. The genome is characterized by diploidization and partly telocentric chromosomes. Sequentially Giemsa C- and fluorochrome banded chromosomes and interphase nuclei are described. The cuticular folding pattern is distinct forHeteropetalum only. Growth forms and ecology are reported for many species. The evolutionary pattern of theGuatteria group is discussed and compared with other genera and families.     

百合花粉母细胞间细胞融合期间腺苷三磷酸酶活性的细胞化学定位及其与染色质胞间转移的关系

用标准的磷酸铅沉淀的细胞化学方法,对百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动期间及其前后三个时期中的腺苷三磷酸酶(ATP 酶)活性进行了超微结构的定位。结果表明:(1)在穿壁前,ATP 酶活性主要定位于质膜、胞间连丝及细胞间隙;在内质网、高尔基体、质体和某些局部的基质(groundplasm)中,也表现有 ATP 酶活性反应的产物;但在染色质和核仁中,一般都没有这种反应。(2)在穿壁时,染色质从一个细胞穿壁转移到另一个相邻细胞,同时看到染色质和核仁内出现密集的 ATP 酶活性反应产物;在内质网和高尔基体的腔内以及质体的片层上也产生明显的 ATP 酶活性反应;而在质膜、胞间连丝及细胞间隙内 ATP 酶活性明显降低,甚至看不到明显的活性反应。(3)在穿壁后,质膜及细胞间隙中又产生明显的 ATP 酶活性反应产物,但核内染色质上的 ATP 酶活性则显著降低,而核仁内则仍有较高的活性。同前二个时期一样,内质网、高尔基体和质体上的 ATP 酶仍表现明显的活性反应。最后讨论了三个不同发育时期 ATP 酶活性及其分布部位的改变与染色质胞间转移的关系。     

烟草花粉管亚原生质体的分离和培养行为

应用酶法从烟草花粉管分离出大量亚原生质体。具核的和无核的亚原生质体之比约为1:1。这种亚原生质体在D_2培养基中培养后,不论有核的或是无核的都能生长管状结构和再生厚的壁。管状结构的生长有节律性,常呈结节状。随着管状结构的生长,细胞内含物逐渐流入生长中的管状结构内,有时会从薄的管状结构的顶端排出到培养液中。已生长管状结构的亚原生质体,具核的和无核的比例约为1:1.7,表明管状结构的生长和壁的再生与是否有核的存在无关。对酶液处理后花粉管亚原生质体从花粉管的释放和从单独的花粉管亚原生质体生长管状结构的过程,进行了活体连续观察和照相记录。实验结果说明,结节状的管状结构确实是从单独的一个亚原生质体形成的。管状结构的生长和壁的再生似乎与细胞质进入新生的管状结构有关。讨论了花粉管亚原生质体在植物遗传操作中应用的可能性。     

Circadian Rhythms in Competitive Sabre Fencers: Internal Desynchronization and Performance

During a 7-10 day span, circadian rhythms of sleep-wake, self-rated fatigue and mood, oral temperature, eye-hand skill and right and left hand grip strength were investigated in eight subjects: five males (21-28 years of age), members of the French sabre fencing team selected for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, and three females (19-26 years of age) practicing fleuret (foil) fencing as a sports activity. On the average six measurements/day/variable/subject were performed. The single cosinor method showed that a circadian rhythm was detectable for only 26 out of the 56 time series (46.4%). Power spectrum analysis gave almost the same figure (19 out of 48: 39.5%) with regard to rhythms with τ=24hr indicating that with one exception (subject JFL) rhythms were internally desynchronized including differences τ between right and left hand grip strength rhythms for three subjects. Results suggest: (a) a physiologic synchronization of circadian rhythms may be a predictor of good performance; (b) however, internal desynchronization as shown previously may be a trivial phenomenon and thus does not imply in itself alterations of either health or performance; (c) chronobiologic methods should be recommended for a better understanding of changes in performance by those participating in competitive and other sports.     

Trihydroxytetraenes: A novel series of compounds formed from arachidonic acid in human leukocytes

Addition of 15L-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) to human leukocytes led to the formation of a novel series of compounds containing four conjugated double bonds. The yield of tetraenes was increased approx. 100-fold when ionophore A23187 (5 μM) was added simultaneously with 15-HPETE. The structure of the major tetraene was established by physical methods as well as by chemical degradation and found to be 5,6,15L-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid.     

In vitro metabolism of N-methyl-dibenzo [c,g]carbazole a potent sarcomatogen devoid of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic properties

The metabolism of N-methyl substituted 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (N-Me DBC) was investigated in vitro using liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-, benzo[c]carbazole (BC) and Arochlor-pretreated mice and rats. N-Me DBC is a potent sarcomatogen devoid of hepatotoxicity and liver carcinogenic activity. The ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and most of them were identified by proton magnetic resonance (PMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and comparison with synthetically prepared specimens. Mouse and rat microsomes gave rise to the same metabolites. The major metabolites were 5-OH-N-Me DBC (50%), N-hydroxymethyl (HMe) DBC (25-30%) and 3-OH-N-Me DBC (10%). Addition of 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (TCPO) to the standard incubation medium permitted the identification of two dihydrodiols among the minor metabolites. No metabolite of DBC was observed after incubation of N-Me DBC, or its major metabolite N-HMe DBC, with either mouse or rat microsomes, but the possibility of a slight demethylation cannot be totally excluded. The lack of biotransformation at the nitrogen atom site may explain the lack of hepatotoxicity and liver carcinogenic activity of N-Me DBC. The modulation of metabolism by epoxide hydrolase, cytosol and glutathione was also investigated. The results are discussed in the light of data previously obtained with hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic DBC.     

狗在运动中的肌糖原消耗与无氧阈的关系

本实验测定了5条狗的无氧阈值,运动耐受时间、衰竭时的血乳酸浓度及运动中的肌糖原消耗量。结果如下:无氧阈值,1.与运动耐受时间呈正相关(r=0.947,P<0.02);2.与运动中肌糖原消耗量呈负相关(r=-0.959,P<0.01);3.与衰竭时的血乳酸浓度呈负相关(r=-0.942,P<0.02)。实验结果提示,无氧阈值是反映机体耐力的可靠指标。而运动中肌糖原消耗少,血乳酸积累程度轻,可能是无氧阈值之所以能够反映机体耐力的物质基础。     

Ultrastructure of the dimorphic pollen and stigmas of the cleistogamous species,Collomia grandiflora (Polemoniaceae)

Summary An ultrastructural study of the pollen and stigma of the dimorphic flowers in the cleistogamous speciesCollomia grandiflora reveals significant differences in cytoplasmic features in the pollen and wall features in the papillae. Both pollen types contain lipid and starch reserves, but the smaller CL (cleistogamous) pollen shows a much greater abundance of starch compared to the CH (chasmogamous) pollen. In addition to the papular size and shape differences between the two stigma types, there is a more extensive cuticular stretching and wall microfibrillar loosening over the CH papillar tip. There is no apparent pellicle on the cuticle surface of either type of papilla, only scattered lipidic deposits. It is proposed that these structural differences may contribute to the cross incompatibility between the two floral morphs.     

落葵的花粉粒和胚囊的形成与发育

落葵(Basella rubra L.)小孢子的发育为同时型,四分体呈四面体排列。在花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中,可清楚地看到胼胝壁的消长变化。三胞花粉,具散沟和网状纹饰。腺质绒毡层。 胚囊的发育为蓼型。反足细胞早期退化。内珠被突出形成珠被喙,同时,在其珠孔区域,有由内珠被的内表皮细胞所发育而来的类似盖状结构。 本文还注意到同一花中以及相邻花朵之间,花粉粒与胚囊发育进程的相关。花粉粒的发育略早于胚囊的发育,但以后由于胚囊母细胞形成胚囊的进程较为迅速,以致花粉粒与胚囊能够同时成熟。     

伯乐树科及其近缘科的花粉形态研究

本文观察了伯乐树科、省沽油科、牛栓藤科、七叶树科、无患子科、罂粟科,共6科、17属、21种植物的花粉形态。依据花粉资料,探讨了伯乐树科的系统位置。认为伯乐树科与无患子目中牛栓藤科关系较为密切。牛栓藤科较为进化,伯乐树科较为原始。与无患子目中其他一些科关系不明显。伯乐树科与罂粟科、豆科中云实亚科的花粉形态有某些相似,而伯乐树科较为进化。与辣木科、白花菜科花粉形态较少相似。