粗皮松萝群体分化性状的研究

本文对于长白山南坡高山半寒漠植被中大面积匍匐生长在地表的粗皮松萝群体从形态学、生态学、化学及分类学方面进行了初步研究。在分类学上将这一地生群体命名为匍匐变种;在种群落结构方面进行了样方调查;从生物系统学角度进行了初步分析。     

黑龙江省北五味子一新变种

本文发表了黑龙江省产北五味子一新变种：白果五味子     

细叶黄芪叶肉原生质体发育早期几种细胞器的变化

在细叶黄芪叶肉原生质体发育早期,细胞器的变化较大。离体培养4h后,线粒体的嵴和基质物质开始增加。培养3—5天后,线粒体的数量增加5倍以上,此时可见大部分线粒体围绕细胞核分布。在培养24h后,高尔基体开始发育,它们主要分布在细胞质周边区域。多糖细胞化学染色表明,高尔基体内沉积着大量嗜银物质。培养1天后,粗面内质网开始发育。培养3天时,部分叶绿体边缘出现一些空隙结构。随着叶绿体内膜结构的消失,淀粉粒增大,叶绿体逐渐转变为造粉质体。     

赤松林受虫害后生物学及光谱学特征的变化

 本文重点研究春季山东招远赤松林受赤松毛虫危害后,其针叶形态特征、叶绿素含量及光谱反射率特征的变化,结果表明：春季赤松受赤松毛虫啃食危害后,树势衰弱,生长不良,针叶颜色变化,褪绿甚至死亡,可分为五个等级;随受害程度的加重,叶绿素含量逐渐降低;赤松受损后,红界光谱曲线拐点“蓝移”,可用特征参量Rs、Ro、λp、λpr、λo、R550-680的值表征。     

黑松,马尾松及其杂种的核型比较

分析了黑松、马尾松及其杂种的核型。其核型公式：黑松为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４－２０ｍ（６＿（ＳＡＴ）））＋４ｓｍ;杂种为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２３ｍ＋１ｓｍ;马尾松为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４－２４ｍ（４＿（ＳＡＴ））。相对长度和臂比方差分析表明,两亲本和杂种差异显著。杂种在相对长度、全组染色体总长、最长与最短染色体比、臂比平均值以及染色体类型上均处于双亲之间。这些研究结果为进一步研究该天然杂种提供必要的细胞学资料。     

利用马尾松年轮资料重建江苏暖湿地区气候的初步研究

利用树木年轮气候学方法,根据马尾松生长对气候变量具非线性响应,尝试重建江苏暖湿地区过去１１６年（１８７４～１９９０）的年平均气温和降水量。温度的重建效果优于降水量,实测值与重建值两者的缩减误差（ＲＥ）分别为０．１２和０．１０,两者的平均偏差百分率分别为２．３％和２０％。绝大部分重建结果可从观测记录和历史文献中得到验证,但在温度较高或降水量较多的若干年份,实测值与重建值有较大偏差。     

菜心溶菌酶的提纯及酶学性质

菜心（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｕｔｉｌｉｓ）叶子高速捣碎后,滤液经酸碱处理,硫酸铵分步沉淀,凝胶柱层析等步骤分离纯化溶菌酶,酶比活力达３４１４．６Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为１９７．４。菜心溶菌酶在较宽的温度或ｐＨ值范围均有活性,最适温度为６０℃,最适ｐＨ值为５．８,底物Ｋｍ值为８７μｇ／ｍＬ。该酶对热和酸碱的稳定性较高,巯基和酪氨酸残基不是该酶活性中心的必需基团。     

Ribosomal RNA genes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.): Chromosomal organization and structure

The nuclear 18S, 5.8S and 25S rRNA genes exist as thousands of rDNA repeats in the Scots pine genome. The number and location of rDNA loci (nucleolus organizers, NORs) were studied by cytological methods, and a restriction map from the coding region of the Scots pine rDNA repeat was constructed using digoxigenin-labeled flax rDNA as a probe. Based on the maximum number of nucleoli and chromosomal secondary constrictions, Scots pine has at least eight NORs in its haploid genome. The size of the Scots pine rDNA repeat unit is approximately 27 kb, two- or threefold larger than the typical angiosperm rDNA unit, but similar in size to other characterized conifer rDNA repeats. The intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the rDNA repeat unit in Scots pine is longer than 20 kb, and the transcribed spacer regions surrounding the 5.8S gene (ITS1 and ITS2) span a region of 2.9 kb. Restriction analysis revealed that although the coding regions of rDNA repeats are homogeneous, heterogeneity exists in the intergenic spacer region between individuals, as well as among the rDNA repeats within individuals.     

Ecological and methodological drivers of non-stationarity in tree growth response to climate

Radial tree growth is sensitive to environmental conditions, making observed growth increments an important indicator of climate change effects on forest growth. However, unprecedented climate variability could lead to non-stationarity, that is, a decoupling of tree growth responses from climate over time, potentially inducing biases in climate reconstructions and forest growth projections. Little is known about whether and to what extent environmental conditions, species, and model type and resolution affect the occurrence and magnitude of non-stationarity. To systematically assess potential drivers of non-stationarity, we compiled tree-ring width chronologies of two conifer species, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, distributed across cold, dry, and mixed climates. We analyzed 147 sites across the Europe including the distribution margins of these species as well as moderate sites. We calibrated four numerical models (linear vs. non-linear, daily vs. monthly resolution) to simulate growth chronologies based on temperature and soil moisture data. Climate–growth models were tested in independent verification periods to quantify their non-stationarity, which was assessed based on bootstrapped transfer function stability tests. The degree of non-stationarity varied between species, site climatic conditions, and models. Chronologies of P. sylvestris showed stronger non-stationarity compared with Picea abies stands with a high degree of stationarity. Sites with mixed climatic signals were most affected by non-stationarity compared with sites sampled at cold and dry species distribution margins. Moreover, linear models with daily resolution exhibited greater non-stationarity compared with monthly-resolved non-linear models. We conclude that non-stationarity in climate–growth responses is a multifactorial phenomenon driven by the interaction of site climatic conditions, tree species, and methodological features of the modeling approach. Given the existence of multiple drivers and the frequent occurrence of non-stationarity, we recommend that temporal non-stationarity rather than stationarity should be considered as the baseline model of climate–growth response for temperate forests.     

骨缘当归的化学成分

骨缘当归Angellica cartilaginomarginata var.foliata Yuan et Shen,别名:山藁本、野芹菜（江苏）,仅分布于江苏和浙江。在江苏镇江等地用干燥全草作山藁本入药,其化学成分未见报道。 样品采自江苏省句容县。将干根磨粉,提取物经中性氧化铝层析,根据色谱及光谱鉴定为两种脂肪酸、四种已知香豆素和一种植物甾醇即:正葵酸（n-capric acid）、月桂酸（lauric acid）、骨缘当归素（cartilaginomarginadin）、蝉翼素（pteryxin）、白花前胡素F（praeruptorin F）、佛手柑内酯（bergapten）及β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol）。