Binding characteristics of dermorphin, and [dermorphin1-7]-beta c-endorphin in rat brain membranes

Dermorphin and a camel beta-endorphin (beta c-EP) analog in which residues 1-7 correspond to the dermorphin sequence ([Dermorphin1-7]-beta c-EP) have been investigated with respect to their receptor binding characteristics using human and camel beta-EP as reference peptides. Tritiated dihydromorphine, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin, ethylketocyclazocine and human beta-endorphin were used as primary ligands in the rat brain membrane preparation for radioreceptor assay. Camel beta-endorphin was the most potent peptide in all experiments. [Dermorphin1-7]-beta c-EP is significantly less potent towards 3H-ethylketocyclazocine and 3H-[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin but is as potent towards 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-human beta-endorphin. Dermorphin itself weakly displaces tritiated dihydromorphine, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and ethylketocyclazocine (potency relative to camel beta-EP, 1-4%) but it is more potent (9%) in competition with tritiated human beta-endorphin. Dermorphin and the [Dermorphin-1-7]-beta c-EP appear to interact preferentially with mu opiate receptors.     

Complete nucleotide sequences of all three poliovirus serotype genomes. Implication for genetic relationship, gene function and antigenic determinants

The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the type 2 ( P712 , Ch, 2ab ) and type 3 (Leon 12a1b ) poliovirus vaccine strains were determined. Comparison of the sequences with the previously established genome sequence of type 1 (LS-c, 2ab ) poliovirus vaccine strain revealed that 71% of the nucleotides in the genome RNAs were common, that the 5' and 3' termini of the genomes were highly homologous, and that more than 80% of the nucleotide differences in the coding region occurred in the third letter position of in-phase codons, resulting in a low frequency of amino acid difference. These results strongly suggested that the serotypes of poliovirus derived from a common prototype. A comparison of the amino acid sequences predicted from the genome sequences showed highest variation in the capsid protein region, whereas non-structural proteins are highly conserved. Initiation of polyprotein synthesis occurs in all three strains more than 740 nucleotides downstream from the 5' end. An analysis of the non-coding region suggests that small peptides that could potentially originate from this region are conserved. The amino acid sequences immediately surrounding the cleavage signals, however, show a higher than average degree of variation. The analysis of the amino acid sequences of the capsid protein VP1 of all serotypes has led to the prediction of potential antigenic sites on the virion involved in neutralization.     

Proteolytic activity of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains

Abstract The proteolytic activity of several black-pigmented Bacteroides species was measured. Bacteroides gingivalis was the only species having collagenolytic activity. General proteolytic activity on gelatin and Azocoll was shown in cultures of B. gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. endodontalis, B. intermedius, B. corporis and to a lesser extent B. melaninogenicus; B. loescheii did not show proteolytic activity. When culture filtrates were tested, B. gingivalis showed high cell free proteolytic activity, whereas the other species had only very weak cell free activity. Growth curves of B. gingivalis revealed two distinct proteolytic activities; general proteolytic activity was found during the logarithmic growth phase, whereas a second peak containing high collagenolytic activity was found after prolonged incubation of cells showing autolysis.     

Experimental study of synchronization phenomena under periodic light irradiation of a nonlinear chemical system

A photosensitive chemical oscillating reaction, i.e., the Briggs-Rauscher (B.R.) reaction, exhibiting a wealth of nonlinear behavior, when performed in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor, and subjected to periodic light irradiation, is studied as an experimental example of entrainment phenomena observable in biological systems. The adaptation patterns under periodic light irradiation are elucidated by means of the response of the system to continuous and single-pulse light irradiation. It is shown that self-oscillating states, excitable steady states and bistable systems can exhibit the same types of synchronization patterns when submitted to periodic external forces with appropriate amplitude and time scale conditions.     

Biomass duration in growth models

To gain a better understanding of growth curve, biomass duration in several growth models, such as the exponential, linear, Gompertz, Mitscherlich, logistic, Richards and Bertalanffy, is formulated. Generally, biomass duration in these models can be given in two ways; thet- andw-representations. The latter representation, which can be defined as the summed value of reciprocal of relative growth rate with respect to biomass, gives a new significance to biomass duration. The utility of both representations is exemplified by the observed data of a fir. The idea of biomass duration is extended to get total amounts of anabolism and catabolism in the Bertalanffy model.     

温州蜜柑果实发育过程中矿质营养元素含量的动态变化

本文分析了温州蜜柑丰产园不同发育阶段的果实氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、硼的含量。矿质元素在果实中的动态变化规律与叶片中的变化规律显然不同。一是含量比叶片低;二是浓度的最高峰期出现比叶片早。果实发育前中期元素含量变化较复杂,9月以后趋向稳定。对可否以9月至10月上旬作为采果样时期以进行营养诊断作了讨论。     

Small-scale environmental heterogeneity and the analysis of species distributions along gradients

Abstract. The observed distribution of a species along an environmental gradient is strongly affected by environmental variability within a quadrat. Because a quadrat does not represent a point along an environmental gradient, but rather a range of conditions, it is likely to contain species not typically associated with the mean conditions in the quadrat. Systematic relationships exist between a species' true distribution, the observed distribution as a function of mean quadrat environment, and the frequency distribution of the environment within that quadrat. The observed species habitat breadth increases and the observed maximum abundance decreases as within-quadrat environmental heterogeneity increases. If species distributions or beta diversities are to be compared among species or coenoclines, they should be correctedforintra-quadratheterogeneity.Wederive simple corrections for environmental heterogeneity. The distributions of hardwood forest understory species along a soil acidity gradient in the North Carolina piedmont are presented as an example.     

PV技术的计算机处理及其在树木水分关系研究中的应用

ＰＶ技术的计算机处理及其在树木水分关系研究中的应用刘建伟,刘雅荣,王世绩（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京１０００９１）ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｏｆＰＶＣｕｒｖｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄＩｔｓＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃ...     

猫外膝体神经元非寻常的方位调谐特性──Ⅱ．在去视皮层猫和视觉剥夺猫（Dark－reared cats）的研究

以移动的正弦光栅作为刺激,用玻璃微电极记录以冰冻法毁损皮层１７、１８、１９区和外侧上雪氏回（ＬＳ）区后的猫外膝体的单细胞反应,测定了了５７９个细胞的方位调谐特性．另外还在视觉剥夺猫外膝体测定了３４４个细胞的方位调谐特性．与正常猫相似,去视皮层猫和视觉剥夺猫外膝体的少数细胞（约占１０％）具有非寻常的方位调谐特性,包括具蝴蝶形调谐曲线的方位调谐特性、双调谐（Ｂｉｍｏｄａｌ）的方位调谐特性和最优方位随刺激空间频率的不同而变化的方位调谐特性。结果表明,外膝体的非寻常的方位调谐特性并非主要由皮层下行投射所致,而是主要与先天遗传因素有关。